Temperature-Dependent Development and Temperature Thresholds of total immature stage of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Iran

Document Type : Original Research

Author
Najmeh Ebrahimi
Research Department of Agricultural Entomology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most important pests of agricultural crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In this study, the developmental rate of C. ceratitis was studied at 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 25, 27, 30, 32, and 35°C. The results showed a nonlinear relationship between temperatures and developmental rate. The best nonlinear models were Perfomance-1 and Performance-2 in Mazandaran and Fars Provinces, respectively. These models simulated the developmental rate of Mediterranean fruit fly accurately at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 and 20 to 30°C, in Mazandaran and Fars Provinces, respectively, and the estimated optimal temperature of total immature stages was 31.9 and 31.8°C, respectively. The lower and upper temperature thresholds of the total immature stage in Mazandaran and Fars Provinces were estimated at 11.23 and 13.15°C, and 38.1 and 37.7°C, respectively. Between the two linear models, the Ikemoto linear model showed better-fit data compared with the ordinary model.

Keywords

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 27, Issue 6
November and December 2025
Pages 1443-1457