Effects of Polyamines and Iron on Iron Absorption, Yield, and Enzymatic Activity in Soybean

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Fatemeh sadat Ghamkhar 1
Seyed Mostafa Hoseini Mazinani 1
Alireza Pazoki 1
Mohammad Yousefi 2
1 Department of Agrotechnology, YI.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Te.Ms, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Soybean, a globally vital legume prized for its high protein and oil content, is essential for meeting human nutritional demands. This study evaluated the influence of polyamines (PAs), applied both individually and in combination with iron, on soybean yield and yield components over the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Azad University using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments consisted of foliar applications of 2 mM spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, each with and without 2 mM iron, as well as combinations of 1 mM of polyamine with 3 mM iron were included to assess synergistic effects. Additionally, the iron sulfate and a control treatment were included. The results indicated that the treatments significantly affected the growth and yield components (such as plant height, pod number, seed weight, harvest index, seed protein and oil content) and the nutrient contents including Zn, Fe, B, N and Mg. The use of spermidine with iron treatment increased the seed weight by 71% compared to the control. As well as, the application of polyamines combined with Fe resulted in a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (44%), peroxidase (63%), and catalase (43%) enzymes compared to control. Notably, among the polyamines, spermidine combined with iron had the most significant effects on the studied traits and enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the application of polyamines with iron can significantly improve the soybean yield and yield components.

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 27 October 2025