Profiling of Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Turkish Black Cumin Seeds

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
U. Muazu Yunusa 1
R. Ozturk Urek 2
1 Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye.
2 Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye.
10.22034/JAST.26.6.1333
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of extraction processes on phenolic compound extractions and evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Nigella sativa seed. The most abundant phenolic compound, namely, Epigallocatechin Gallate (EgCg), was identified in free flavan-3-ol extract (127.85±4.73 µg g-1 DWE), which exhibited considerable ferrous-ion chelation and cytotoxicity on HepG2 cancer cells. Epigallocatechin (EgC) was the second and recognized in the bound flavan-3-ol extract [(113.31±3.49 µg g-1 DWE (dry weight extract)], which showed the largest 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl Radical (DPPH•) scavenging activity and ferric-ion reducing power, as well as the most cytotoxic on HepG2 (IC50= 24.91±1.45 µg mL-1). Caffeic, sinapic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were found in Bound Phenolic acid from Basic-Hydrolysis extract (BPBH), which had the highest Hydroxyl radical (•OH) and Nitric Oxide radical (NO•) scavenging activity and appreciable cytotoxicity on HepG2. Ferulic and p-coumaric acids were detected in Acid-Hydrolysable Phenolic Acid extract (AHPA) and Bound Phenolic acid from Acid-Hydrolysis extract (BPAH), respectively. The two extracts demonstrated higher Ferric-ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values and were also cytotoxic to HeLa and HepG2 cell lines. To the best of our knowledge, EgC, EgCg and rosmarinic acid were identified in N. sativa seed for the first time. Our study indicates N. sativa seeds as a promising source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anticancer properties.

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 26, Issue 6
November and December 2024
Pages 1333-1345