Is Dietary Zinc Requirement of Broiler Breeder Hens at the Late Stage of Production Cycle Influenced by Phytase Supplementation?

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
S. P. Mirfakhraei 1
M. Zaghari 1
F. Ghaziani 1
M. Abbasi 2
1 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2 Department of Animal & Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
10.22034/JAST.26.6.1275
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine whether 6-phytase has a positive effect on zinc requirements, production performance, and zinc content of tissues in broiler breeders at the end of their production cycle. One hundred and twenty-eight obese Cobb-500 broiler breeder hens (>v4.9 kg) were weighed at 58 weeks of age and assigned to various treatment groups. To deplete the zinc reserves in hens, they were given a zinc-deficient diet (9.5 mg kg-1 of zinc) and drank water with 35 μg L-1 zinc for two weeks. Then, hens were randomly allocated to 8 dietary treatments in a factorial arrangement of two levels of phytase (0, 300 FTU kg-1) and four levels of dietary zinc (30, 60, 90, 120 mg kg-1) with four replicates of 4 hens in each. Bodyweight, egg production, egg weight, and egg quality were measured during the five-week experimental period. Added zinc significantly increased yolk weight and zinc content of yolk (P< 0.05) and plasma (P< 0.0001). Egg weight was significantly increased by adding phytase (P< 0.05). As the results of this experiment show, adding exogenous phytase can decrease the zinc requirement of broiler breeder hens by releasing 16.9% of the zinc bound to phytate.

Keywords

1. Abbasi, M., Dastar, B., Afzali, N., Shargh, M. S. and Hashemi, S. 2021. The Effects of Nano and Micro Particle Size of Zinc Oxide on Performance, Fertility, Hatchability, and Egg Quality Characteristics in Laying Japanese Quail. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 1-11.
2. Abbasi, M., Zaghari, M., Ganjkhanlo, M. and Khalaji, S. 2015. Is dietary iron requirement of broiler breeder hens at the late stage of production cycle influenced by phytase supplementation? J. Appl. Anim. Res. 43: 166-176.
3. Amen, M. H. and Al-Daraji, H. J. 2011. Effect of dietary supplementation with different level of zinc on sperm egg penetration and fertility traits of broiler breeder chicken. Pak. J. Nutr., 10: 1083-1088.
4. Ao, T., Pierce, J., Pescatore, A., Cantor, A., Dawson, K., Ford, M. and Shafer, B. 2007. Effects of organic zinc and phytase supplementation in a maize–soybean meal diet on the performance and tissue zinc content of broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 48: 690-695.
5. AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.,
6. Aviagen. 2019. Ross 408 Parent Stock Nutrition Specifications. Aviagen, Newbridge, Midlothian EH28 8SZ, Scotland, UK.,
7. Cobb-Vantress. 2016. Cobb Breeder Management Guide. Vantress Inc., Siloam Springs, AR.,
8. Eder, K. and Kirchgessner, M. 1995. Zinc deficiency and activities of lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes in liver of rats fed coconut oil or linseed oil. Lipids. 30: 63.
9. Fatholahi, A., Khalaji, S., Hosseini, F. and Abbasi, M. 2021. Nano-Bio Zinc Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis Modulates Broiler Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota, and Expression of Tight Junction’s Proteins. Livest. Sci., 251: 104660.
10. Guo, Y., Yang, R., Yuan, J., Ward, T. and Fakler, T. 2002. Effect of Availa Zn and ZnSO4 on laying hen performance and egg quality. Poult. Sci., 81: 40.
11. Huang, L., Li, X., Wang, W., Yang, L. and Zhu, Y. 2019. The role of zinc in poultry breeder and hen nutrition: an update. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 192: 308-318.
12. Kambe, T., Tsuji, T., Hashimoto, A. and Itsumura, N. 2015. The physiological, biochemical, and molecular roles of zinc transporters in zinc homeostasis and metabolism. Physiol. Rev., 95: 749-784.
13. Keiding, R., Hörder, M., Denmark, W. G., Pitkänen, E., Tenhunen, R., Strömme, J., Theodorsen, L., Waldenström, J., Tryding, N. and Westlund, L. 1974. Recommended methods for the determination of four enzymes in blood. Scand. J. Clin. Lab., 33: 291-306.
14. Kucuk, O., Kahraman, A., Kurt, I., Yildiz, N. and Onmaz, A. 2008. A combination of zinc and pyridoxine supplementation to the diet of laying hens improves performance and egg quality. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 126: 165-175.
15. Li, L., Abouelezz, K., Gou, Z., Lin, X., Wang, Y., Fan, Q., Cheng, Z., Ding, F., Jiang, S. and Jiang, Z. 2019. Optimization of dietary zinc requirement for broiler breeder hens of chinese yellow-feathered chicken. Animal., 9: 472-486.
16. Liao, X., Li, W., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Lu, L., Lin, X. and Luo, X. 2018. Effects of environmental temperature and dietary zinc on egg production performance, egg quality and antioxidant status and expression of heat-shock proteins in tissues of broiler breeders. Br. J. Nutr., 120: 3-12.
17. Lim, H., Namkung, H. and Paik, I. 2003. Effects of phytase supplementation on the performance, egg quality, and phosphorous excretion of laying hens fed different levels of dietary calcium and nonphytate phosphorous. Poult. Sci., 82: 92-99.
18. Liu, Z., Lu, L., Wang, R., Lei, H., Li, S., Zhang, L. and Luo, X. 2015. Effects of supplemental zinc source and level on antioxidant ability and fat metabolism-related enzymes of broilers. Poult. Sci., 94: 2686-2694.
19. Mayer, A., Vieira, S., Berwanger, E., Angel, C., Kindlein, L., França, I. and Noetzold, T. 2019. Zinc requirements of broiler breeder hens. Poult. Sci. 98: 1288-1301.
20. Mayer, A., Vieira, S., Berwanger, E., Angel, C., Kindlein, L., França, I. and Noetzold, T. 2019. Zinc requirements of broiler breeder hens. Poult. Sci., 98: 1288-1301.
21. Meyer, E. and Parsons, C. 2011. The efficacy of a phytase enzyme fed to Hy-Line W-36 laying hens from 32 to 62 weeks of age. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 20: 136-142.
22. Mohanna, C. and Nys, Y. 1999. Effect of dietary zinc content and sources on the growth, body zinc deposition and retention, zinc excretion and immune response in chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 40: 108-114.
23. Morgan, N., Scholey, D. and Burton, E. 2017. Use of Zn concentration in the gastrointestinal tract as a measure of phytate susceptibility to the effect of phytase supplementation in broilers. Poult. Sci., 96: 1298-1305.
24. Navidshad, B., Jabbari, S. and Mirzaei Aghjeh Gheshlagh, F. 2016. The new progresses in Zn requirements of poultry. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci., 6: 763-767.
25. NRC. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th Revision Edition, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.,
26. O’dell, B., Yohe, J. and Savage, J. 1964. Zinc availability in the chick as affected by phytate, calcium and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Poult. Sci., 43: 415-419.
27. Robbins, K., Saxton, A. and Southern, L. 2006. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. Anim. Sci. J., 84: E155-E165.
28. Roberson, K. D. and Edwards Jr, H. M. 1994. Effects of 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and phytase on zinc utilization in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 73: 1312-1326.
29. Rostagno, H., Albino, L., Hannas, M., Donzele, J., Sakomura, N., Perazzo, F., Saraiva, A., Teixeira, M., Rodrigues, P. and Oliveira, R. 2017. Brazilian tables for Poultry and swine: Composition of foods and nutritional requirements. UFV, Viçosa.
30. Schlegel, P., Nys, Y. and Jondreville, C. 2010. Zinc availability and digestive zinc solubility in piglets and broilers fed diets varying in their phytate contents, phytase activity and supplemented zinc source. Animal., 4: 200-209.
31. Shelton, J. and Southern, L. 2006. Effects of phytase addition with or without a trace mineral premix on growth performance, bone response variables, and tissue mineral concentrations in commercial broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 15: 94-102.
32. Srinivasa, S. and Manjunath, M. 2014. Serum zinc levels in children with febrile seizures. J. Evol. Med. Dent. Sci., 3: 2983-2989.
33. Sunder, G. S., Panda, A., Gopinath, N., Rao, S. R., Raju, M., Reddy, M. and Kumar, C. V. 2008. Effects of higher levels of zinc supplementation on performance, mineral availability, and immune competence in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 17: 79-86.
34. Trindade Neto, M. A. d., Pacheco, B. H. C., Albuquerque, R. d. and Schammass, E. A. 2011. Lysine and zinc chelate in diets for brown laying hens: effects on egg production and composition. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 40: 377-384.
35. Urbano, G., Aranda, P., Gómez-Villalva, E., Frejnagel, S., Porres, J. M., Frías, J., Vidal-Valverde, C. and López-Jurado, M. 2003. Nutritional evaluation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein diets after mild hydrothermal treatment and with and without added phytase. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 2415-2420.
36. Viveros, A., Brenes, A., Arija, I. and Centeno, C. 2002. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poult. Sci., 81: 1172-1183.
37. Wilson, H. 1997. Effects of maternal nutrition on hatchability. Poult. Sci., 76: 134-143.
38. Yi, Z., Kornegay, E. and Denbow, D. 1996. Supplemental microbial phytase improves zinc utilization in broilers. Poult. Sci., 75: 540-546.
39. Zaghari, M., Avazkhanllo, M. and Ganjkhanlou, M. 2018. Reevaluation of male broiler zinc requirement by dose-response trial using practical diet with added exogenous phytase. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 333-343.
40. Zarghi, H., Golian, A., Hassanabadi, A. and Khaligh, F. 2022. Effect of zinc and phytase supplementation on performance, immune response, digestibility and intestinal features in broilers fed a wheat-soybean meal diet. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 21: 430-444.
41. Zhang, L., Wang, Y.-X., Xiao, X., Wang, J.-S., Wang, Q., Li, K.-X., Guo, T.-Y. and Zhan, X.-A. 2017. Effects of zinc glycinate on productive and reproductive performance, zinc concentration and antioxidant status in broiler breeders. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 178: 320-326.
42. Zhang, L., Wang, Y.-X., Xiao, X., Wang, J.-S., Wang, Q., Li, K.-X., Guo, T.-Y. and Zhan, X.-A. 2017. Effects of zinc Glycinate on productive and reproductive performance, zinc concentration and antioxidant status in broiler breeders. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 178: 320-326.
43. Zhu, Y., Li, W., Lu, L., Zhang, L., Ji, C., Lin, X., Liu, H., Odle, J. and Luo, X. 2017. Impact of maternal heat stress in conjunction with dietary zinc supplementation on hatchability, embryonic development, and growth performance in offspring broilers. Poult. Sci., 96: 2351-2359.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 26, Issue 6
November and December 2024
Pages 1275-1286