Monitoring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Vegetable Oils Consumed in Iran

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Z. Piravi-Vanak 1
S. Nanvazadeh 2
F. Shavakhi 3
Z. Taghvaee 1
1 Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2 Oilseed Cultivation Development Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
3 Department of Food Science, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran.
10.22034/JAST.26.4.771
Abstract
Concentrations and profiles of 15 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of six different edible oils consumed in Iran markets (oils of olive, sesame, coconut, sunflower, frying and blend oil) were studied. The evaluated edible oils in the present study have not previously been analyzed concerning their contents of PAH compounds. PAHs of 207 edible oil samples were determined and quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Spectrofluorometric Detector (HPLC/FLD). The results revealed that the highest content of total PAHs was in coconut oil group (46.8 µg kg-1), followed by blend oil (22.48 µg kg-1), frying oil (20.67 µg kg-1), sesame oil (19.92 µg kg-1), olive oil (18.4 µg kg-1) and sunflower oil (17.6 µg kg-1). The light PAHs (Naphthalene, Acenaphtene, Phenantherern, Antrathene, and Fluorene) had the highest portion of PAHs concentration. Benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 contents (Benz[a]anthracene+Chrysene+Benzo[b]fluoranthene+Benzo[a]pyrene) were ND-1.32 µg kg-1 and 0.14-9.2 µg kg-1, respectively; coconut oil had the highest content. In general, the highest values of Benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 were not higher than the maximum allowable values of 2 and 10 in any sample, respectively. However, due to the significant content of total PAHs in some vegetable oils, such as coconut oil, it is necessary to determine the limits and evaluate it in the national standard and regulations of the country.

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 26, Issue 4
July and August 2024
Pages 771-785