Effect of Deficit Irrigation Technique on Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Water Use Efficiency

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
T. Yaghi 1
A. Arslan 2
H. Saeed 3
1 Scientific Researcher at the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, GCSAR, Syria.
2 Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
3 Scientific Agricultural Research Center (SARC), Salamiyah, Hama, Syria.
10.22034/JAST.26.2.449
Abstract
To increase the agricultural profit, an experiment was conducted at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center (SARC) at Salamiyah, Syria. The experiment aimed to estimate the optimum irrigation level that maximizes productivity as well as the black cumin's quality local quality standards under experimental conditions. The irrigation treatments were 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the Potential Evapotranspiration (ETP) based on Class-A pan evaporation. The treatments were denoted as B, C, D and E, respectively. The no-irrigation treatment (A) was considered as control. Irrigation water was applied by a drip system. The A-E treatments were designed and implemented using complete randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications. The actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) was calculated after calibration of soil using SPAW software. Furthermore, crop yield, Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE), yield response factor (ky) and some parameters (period of growth stage, date of flowering…etc.) were studied during 2018-2019 successive growth seasons. Results showed that irrigation could be scheduled using some equations and Class-A pan evaporation. Moreover, the vegetative growth parameters flourished virtually and significantly by comparing higher and lower irrigation levels. However, Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) values increased by reducing the applied irrigation water. Treatment B recorded the highest IWUE value (2.4 kg ha-1 mm-1), but key values remained less than 1.0, indicating that the plant tolerates drought. Furthermore, treatment C scored the top-seed (130.6%) concerning the profit/total costs ratio. Finally, based on the results, we recommend that irrigation should not be more than 75% and not less than 25% of the ETP.

Keywords

Subjects

 Al-Kayssi, A., Shibab, R. M., and Mustafa, S. H., 2011. Impact of soil water stress on Nigellone oil content of black cumin seed grown in calcareous-gypsifereous soils. Agricultural Water Management 100: 46-57.
 Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage paper 56. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Rome, Italy. Pp. 49.
 Angulo-Jaramillo, R., Bagarello, V., Prima, S. D., and Gosset, A., 2019. Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) across soils and scales. Journal of Hydrology 576:239-261. DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.007.
 Ayas, S., 2019. Water-yield relationships in deficit irrigated onion. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7(9):1310. DOI:10.24925/turjaf.v7i9.1310.
 Banon, S., Ochoa, J., Franco, J. A., Sa´nchez-Blanco, M. J., and Alarco´n, J. J., 2003. Influence of water deficit and low air humidity in the nursery on survival of Rhamnus alaternus seedlings following planting. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 78, 518- 522.
 Beudez, N., and Doussan, C., 2013. Influence of three root spatial arrangement on soil water flow and uptake. Results from an explicit and an equivalent, upscaled, model. Procedia Environ Sci 19 (0): 37- 46.
 Bondok, M. Y., and El-Sharkawy, A. F., 2014. Management of sprinkler irrigation system for cumin in old valley. Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 92 (3). Pp 16. DOI:10.21608/ejar.2014.156442.
 Doorenbos, J., and Pruitt, W. O., 1977. Crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 24. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Rome, Italy. N 24.
 Doorenbos, J., and Kassam, A. H., 1986. Yield response to water. Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 33. FAO, Rome. Pp 93.
 Elsafi, H. H., 1988. Effect of water quantity and irrigation- intervals on vegetative growth and yield of black cumin- (Nigella sativa L.). Thesis of fulfillment of the requirements-for the degree of Master of Science in horticulture. College of Agricultural Studies. Sudan University of Science and Technology. Pp 70.
 Erteck, A., 2011. Importance of pan evaporation for irrigation scheduling and proper use of crop-pan coefficient (Kcp), crop. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 6 (32), Pp. 6706-6718.
 Ghamarnia, H., Khosravy, H., and Sepehri, S., 2010. Yield and water- use efficiency of (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation-treatments in a semi-arid region in the West of Iran. J Med-Plants Res 4 (16), 1612-1616. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR09.376.
 Ghamarnia, H., and Jalili, Z., 2013. Water stress effects on different-Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) components in a semi-arid region. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production 4(4): 753-762.
 Ghamarnia, H., Miri, E., and Ghobadei, M., 2014. Determination of water requirement, single and dual crop coefficients of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in a semi-arid climate. Irrig Sci Journal 32:67–76. DOI 10.1007/s00271-013-0412-2. 32:67-76.
 Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R., Darzi, M. T., and Ghandehari, Z., 2012. Effects of irrigation treatment and Azospirillum inoculation on yield and yield component of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6 (30), Pp. 4553-4561.
 Hassan, F. A. S., and Ali, E. F., 2014. Impact of different water regimes based on class-A pan on growth, yield and oil content of Coriandrum sativum L. plant. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 13, Pp 155-161.
 Karim, M., Himel, R. M., Ferdush, J., and Zakaria, M., 2017. Effect of Irrigation Levels on Yield Performance of Black Cumin. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB). Vol-2, Issue -2. ISSN: 2456-1878.
 Khalid, K. A., 2006. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil and chemical composition of herbs (Ocimum sp.). Int. Agrophys. 20 (4), 289-296.
 Khan, M. A., Chen, H. C., Tania, M., and Zhang, D. Z., 2011. Anticancer activities of Nigella sativa (Black cumin). Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 8(S):226- 232.
 Kumar, S. A., 2009. Plants-based Medicines in India. Retrieved in February, 15, 2013. Http://pib.nic.in/ feature/feyr2000/fmay2000/f240520006.html.
 Kumar, R., Pareek, N. K., Rathore, V. S., and Nangia, V., 2019. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on water productivity and performance of Cotton (Gossypium. sp). Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 18 (3): 282-287, ISSN: 022-457X (Print); 2455-7145
 Mahal, S. S., and Sidhu, A. S., 2006. Effect of different irrigation schedules and nitrogen levels on growth yield attributes and seed yield of hybrid canola (Brassica napus L.). Environ. Ecol. 24S (4), 1108-1111.
 Mauget, S., Ulloa, M., and Mitchell-McCallister, D., 2022. Simulated irrigation water productivity and related profit effects in U.S. Southern High Plains cotton production. Agricultural Water Management journal. Volume 266, Article 107549.
 Mehriya, M. L., Geat, N., Sarita Singh, H., Mattar, M. A., and Elansary, H. O., 2020. Response of Drip Irrigation and Fertigation on Cumin Yield, Quality, and Water-Use Efficiency Grown under Arid Climatic Conditions. Agronomy, 10, 1711.
 Michael, A. M., 1978. Irrigation theory and practice. Viskas- Publishing House PVTLTD: New Delhi. Pp. 448- 584.
 Molden, D., Oweis, T., Steduto, P., Bindraban, P., Hanjra, M., and Kijne, J., 2009. Improving agricultural water productivity: Between optimism and caution. Agricultural Water Management Journal, V 125. Article 126373.
 Mourad, K., 2012. Marginal and virtual Water for sustainable water resources management in Syria. Academic thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D. Engineering, Lund University). Pp.157.
 Mubarak, I., Mailhol, J. C., Angulo-Jaramillo, R., and Ruelle, P., 2009. Temporal variability in soil hydraulic properties under drip irrigation, Geoderma 150 (1-2):158-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.01.022.
 Oweis, T., and Hachum, A., 2012. Supplemental irrigation: a highly efficient water -use practice. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, Pp 28.
 Ozer, H., Sahin, U., Coban, F., and Ors, S., 2020. Response of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) to deficit irrigation in a semi-arid region: Growth, yield, quality, and water productivity. Industrial Crops and Products 144. DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.112048.
 Ruhi, B., Osman, K., Koksal, A., and Dursun, B., 2006. The effects of drip irrigation on flowering and flower quality of glasshouse gladiolus plant. Agric. Water Manage. 81, 132-144.
 Saxton, K. E., and Willey, P. H., 2006. The SPAW Model for Agricultural Field and Pond Hydrologic Simulation. Chapter 17 in: Mathematical Modeling of Watershed Hydrology, V. P. Singh and D. Frevert, Editors; CRC Press, Pp. 401-435.
 Senyigit, U., and Arslan, M., 2018. Effects of Irrigation Programs Formed by Different Approaches on the Yield and Water Consumption of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under Transition Zone in the West Anatolia Conditions. DOI:10.15832/ankutbd.446366.
 Serman, F. V., Orgaz, F., Starobinsky, G., Capraro, F., and Fereres, E., 2021. Water productivity and net profit of high-density olive orchards in San Juan, Argentina. Agricultural Water Management journal. Volume 252. Article106878.
 Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., Fereres, E., and Raes, D., 2012. Crop yield response to water. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Fao Irrigation and Drainage Paper (66). Pp. 516.
 Taiz, L., and Zeiger, E., 2002. Plant Physiology, third ed. Sinauer Associates Inc., pp. 33-46 (Chapter 10). Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi- Journal of agricultural sciences, 24 22-32. Pp 12. DOI: 10.15832/ankutbd.446366.
 Yaghi, T., Aldarir, A. N., Nangia, V., Oweis, T., and Arslan, A., 2016. Impact of climate changes on water resources availability in the Orontes river watershed: Case of Homs governorate in Syria, Jordan journal of agricultural sciences, Vol (12), No (2), Pp 20.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 26, Issue 2
March and April 2024
Pages 449-461