Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on Canopy Cover of Rangelands in Eastern Region of Turkey

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
1 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
2 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Turkey.
Abstract
This study was conducted on high-elevation rangelands of Erzurum, Turkey, between 2011 and 2014 for four year. The aim was to determine the effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPBs) applications on rangeland canopy cover ratio. PGPBs strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens T26, Pantoea agglomerans 16B, Paenibacillus polymyxa TV-12E, Bacillus cereus TV-30D, and Bacillus megatherium TV-3D) used in this study were obtained from the culture collection unit in the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture at Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Four study year results showed that PGPBs treatments had significant effects on the canopy cover of rangelands. The highest canopy cover ratio occupied was in treatment T21 (50 kg N ha-1+25 kg P2O5 ha-1+B. megatherium. TV-3D). There was a significant difference between treatments T21 and the other treatments, while the lowest was in treatment T14 (50 kg N ha-1+B. cereus TV-30D). In plots of P. polymyxa TV-12E, P. fluorescens T26, and B. megatherium TV-3D bacteria strains plus half of N+P fertilizer, the canopy cover was higher than that of the other treatments.

Keywords

Subjects


1. Adesemoye, A.O., Torbert, H.A. and Kloepper, J.W. 2009. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria allow reduced application rates of chemical fertilizers. Microb. Ecol., 58: 921–929.
2. Anonymous, 2005. Maintaining groundcover to reduce erosion and sustain production. The State of New South Wales NSW Department of Primary Industries.
3. Cakmakci, R., Figen, D., Adil, A. and Sahin, F. 2006. Growth promotion of plants by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under greenhouse and two different field soil conditions. Soil Biol Biochem., 38: 1482-87.
4. Cakmakci, R., Erat, M., Oral, B., Erdogan, U. and Sahin, F. 2009. Enzyme activities and growth promotion of spinach by indole-3-acetic acid-producing rhizobacteria. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 84: 375-380.
5. Cakmakci, R., Turan, M., Gulluce, M. and Sahin, F. 2014. Rhizobacteria for reduced fertilizer inputs in wheat (Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) on Aridisols in Turkey. International Journal of Plant Production, 8: 163-181.
6. Canfield, R.H. 1941. Application of the line intercept method in sampling range vegetation. Journal of Forestry, 39: 388-3984.
7. Dasci, M., Coskun, T., Comakli, B., Yildirim, N.Z., Bakir, H. and Birhan, H. 2010. The Effects of Some Improving Methods on Dry Matter Yield and Vegetation Cover on Heavy Grazed Rangeland. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9: 1676-1680.
8. Ekinci, M., Turan, M., Yildirim, E., Gunes, A., Kotan, R. and Dursun, A. 2014. Effect of plant growth promotıng rhızobacterıa on growth, nutrıent, organıc acıd, amıno acıd and hormone content of caulıflower (Brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) transplants. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus., 13: 71-85.
9. Erman, M., Kotan, R., Cakmakci, R., Cig, F., Karagöz, K. and Sezen, M. 2010. Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate-solubilizing Rhizobacteria isolated from Van Lake Basin on the growth and quality properties in wheat and sugar beet. Turkey IV. Organic Farming Symposium. Erzurum, Turkey, PP. 325–329.
10. Erturk, Y., Cakmakci, R., Duyar, O. Turan, M. 2016. The effects of plant growth promotion rhizobacteria on vegetative growth and leaf nutrient contents of hazelnut seedlings (Turkish hazelnut cv, Tombul and Sivri). International Journal of Soil Science, 6: 188-198.
11. Gokkus, A. and Koc, A. 1996. Agricultural structure in Eastern Anatolia Region (In Turkish with English Summary. Erzurum, Turkey: Proc. 3rd Nat. Meadow, Range. and Forage Crop Congress. Erzurum, Turkey, PP, 22-31.
12. Herbel, C.H. and Pieper, R.D. 1991. Grazing management. In: J Skujin (Ed), Semi-arid Lands and Deserts: Soil Resources and Reclamation, Marcel Deccer Inc, 361-385.
13. Holechek, J.L., Pieper, R.D. and Herbel, C.H. 2011. Range management principles and practices. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
14. Holguin, G., Patten, C.L. and Glick, B.R. 1999. Genetics and moleculer biology of Azospirillum. Biol. Fert. Soils, 29: 10-23.
15. Khumalo, G., Holechek, J.L., Thomas, M. and Molinar, F. 2007. Long-term vegetation productivity and trend under two stocking levels on Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland. Rangeland Ecol. Manage, 60: 165-171.
16. Koc, A. 2001. Autumn and spring drought periods affect vegetation on high elevation rangelands of Turkey. J. Range Management, 54: 622–627.
17. Kotan, R., Sahin, F. and Ala, A. 2005. Identification and pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from pome fruits trees in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. J. Plant Dis. Protect., 113: 8–13.
18. Miller, L.T. 1982. Single derivatization method for routine analysis of bacterial whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters, including hydroxy acids. J. Clin. Microbiol., 16: 584–586.
19. Orchard, Va. and Cook, F.G. 1983. Relation between soil respiration and soil moisture. Soil Biol Biochem, 1: 447–453.
20. Pikovskaya, R.I. 1948. Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with vitalactivity of some microbial species. Mikrobiologiya, 17: 363–370.
21. Richardson, A.E. 2001. Prospects for using soil microorganisms to improve the acquisition phosphorus by plants. Aust. Journal of Plant Physiol., 28: 897-906.
22. Ritter, J. 2012. Soil erosion causes and effects: Ministure of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Factsheets.
23. SAS. 2002. Sas/Stat user’s guide. SAS Institute, Cary Version 8, 112.
24. Sahin, F., Cakmakci, R. and Kantar, F. 2004. Sugar beet and barley yields in relation to inoculation with N2-fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Plant and Soil, 265: 123-129.
25. Serin, Y. and Tan, M. 2001. Forage grasses. Ataturk university faculty of agriculture lecture publication, Erzurum.
26. Sharma, S.B., Sayyed, R.Z., Trivedi, M.H. and Gobi, T.A. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springerplus 2: 587.
27. Shrivatava, S., Egamberdieva, D. and Varma, A. 2015. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and medicinal plants. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Madicinal Plants, 1-16
28. Stark, J.M. and Firestone, M.K. 1995. Mechanisms for soil moisture effects on activity of nitrifying bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61: 218–221.
29. Tieszen, L., Senyimba, M., Imbamba, S. and Troughton, J. 1979. The distribution of C3 and C4 grasses and carbon isotope discrimination along an altitudinal and moisture gradient in Kenya. Oecologia, 37: 337-350.
30. Turan, M., Ekinci, M., Yildirim, E., Gunes, A., Karagoz, K., Kotan, R. and Dursun, A.
2014. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improved growth, nutrient, and hormone content of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seedlings. Turkish J. Agric Foresrtry, 38: 327–333.
31. Verma, P.J., Yadav, J, Tiwari., K.N., Singh, L. and Singh, V. 2010. Impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on crop production. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 954-983.
32. Walter, A., Raiff, D.T., Burnham, M.B., Gilliam, F.S., Adams, M.B. and Peterjohn, W.T. 2016. Nitrogen fertilization interacts with light to increase Rubus spp. cover in a temperate forest. Plant Ecol., 217: 421–430.