Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Produced by Paraconiothyrium archidendri F10 as Biofungicidal Materials for Ganoderma boninense

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Anisa Lutfia
Bedah Rupaedah
Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia.
Abstract
In this study, a soil fungus isolated from a healthy, disease-free oil palm plantation was evaluated for its inhibitory activity in vitro, with the aim of assessing its effectiveness as a bio-inoculant. The soil fungus was sequenced for the ITS-rDNA region, and its similarity was analyzed through bioinformatics using BLASTn searches and phylogenetic tree construction. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) were produced through batch fermentation on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The inhibitory activity against the radial growth of G. boninense was evaluated using the vapor assay method. The VOC profile and other metabolites were analyzed using GC-MS. The inhibitory mechanism between VOCs and target proteins was studied through in silico analysis. VOCs produced by P. archidendri F10 were found to inhibit G. boninense mycelium growth by up to 55.8% in four days, with the mycelium exhibiting wavy, non-smooth, and wrinkled morphology, abnormal branching, fused, defective hyphae, and lysis through microscopy imaging. The molecular docking analysis revealed that 7,9-ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione had the strongest binding affinity at -8.5 kcal mol-1, forming one hydrogen bond with Tyr646 at a distance of 2.98 Å. Another notable ligand was 2-O-(6-ethyloctan-3-yl) 1-O-hexyl oxalate, with a binding affinity of -5.6 kcal mol-1 and one hydrogen bond with His698 at 3.05 Å. The remaining ligands did not form hydrogen bonds. Thus, P. archidendri F10 has potential as a biofungicide for controlling G. boninense in the future.

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 27, Issue 6
November and December 2025
Pages 1459-1472