1. Abbaszadeh, B., Sefidkon, F., Layegh Haghighi, M. and Karegar Hajiabadi, E. 2014. The Effect of Planting Time and Planting Density on Yield and Essential Oil of Satureja sahendica Bornm. J. medicinal plants by- products, 2: 141-146
2. Arvin, P. and Firouzeh, R. 2019. Study of Plant Density and Gibberellin on Some Morphological and Physiological Traits and Essential Oil Content of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). IJMAPR, 34 (6): 888-908.
3. Atteya, A. K., Albalawi, A. N., Bayomy, H. M., El-Naggar, E. M. B. A., Ghozlan, M. H. and Genaidy, E.A. 2022. Impact of Planting Density and Soaking Seeds in Melatonin Solution on Yield, Secondary Products Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Lovage Plant. Saudi J. Biol. Sci, 29(4): 2656-2673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.048
4. Baloch, A.W., Soomro, A.M., Javed, M.A., Ahmad, A., Bughio, H.R., Bughio, M.S. and Mastoi, N. 2002. Optimum Plant Density for High Yield in Rice. Asian J. Plant Sci, 1: 25-27.
5. Btru, N.T., Gebere, A., Melkamu, H. and Belistie, L. 2017. Influence of Plant Population Density on Growth and Yield of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni L.). Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res, 5(1): 19–26.
6. Chiou, A., Karathanos, V.T., Mylona, A., Salta, F.N., Preventi, F. and Andrikopoulos, N.K. 2007. Currants (Vitis vinifera L.) Content of Simple Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity. Food Chem, 102(2): 516–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.009.
7. Copes, W.E. and Scherm, M.T. 2005. Plant Spacing Effects on Micro Climate and Rhizoctonia Web Blight Development in Container Grown Azalea. Hort. Sci. 40: 1408-1412.
8. Cui, G., Li, B., He, W., Yin, X., Liu, S., Lian, L., Zhang, Y., Liang, W. and Zhang, P. 2018. Physiological Analysis of The Effect of Altitudinal Gradients on Leymus secalinus on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PloS one, 13(9): e0202881. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0202881.
9. Dai, Y., Fan, J., Liao, Z., Zhang, C., Yu, J., Feng, H., Zhang, F. and Li, Z. 2022. Supplemental irrigation and modified plant density improved photosynthesis, grain yield and water productivity of winter wheat under ridge-furrow mulching. Agric. Water Manag, 274:107985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107985
10. Du, G., Li, M., Ma, F. and Liang, D. 2009. Antioxidant Capacity and the Relationship with Polyphenol and Vitamin C in Actindia Fruits. Food Chem, 113(2): 557–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodc hem.2008.08.025
11. Esmaeili, H., Hadian, J., Rezadoost, H., Kanani, M.R. and Mirjalili, M.H. (2019). Variation of growth characters and rosmarinic acid content of cultivated Satureja rechingeri clones. S Afr J Bot, 124: 320–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.04.034
12. Fattahi, M., Nazeri, V., Torras-Claveria, L., Sefidkon, F., Cusido, R.M., Zamani, Z. and Palazon, J. 2013. Identification and Quantification of Leaf Surface Flavonoids in Wild Growing Populations of Dracocephalum kotschyi by LC–DAD–ESI-MS. Food Chemi, 141 (1): 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.019.
13. Gao, Yuhong, Hanyu Jiang, Bing Wu, Jun-yi Niu, Yajiao Li, Fangliang Guo, Li Wang and Andrew J. C. Blakney. 2018. The Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance, Related Enzyme Activities, and Grain Yield in Different Genotypes of Oilseed Flax. Crop Sci, 58:1-10. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.08.0498
14. Gerami, F., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Ghorbani, R.and Hassani, A. 2018. Influence of Planting Date and Plant Density on Morphological Characteristics, Seed Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.). J. Appl. Hortic, 20 (3): 171-176.
15. Ghimire, B.K., Seo, J. W., Kim, S.H., Ghimire, B., Lee, J.G., Yu, C.Y. and Chung, I.M. 2021. Influence of Harvesting Time on Phenolic and Mineral Profiles and Their Association with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. Agronomy, 11: 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071327.
16. Hashemian Ahmadi, S.H. and Hadipanah, A. 2014. The Effect of Swoing Date, Planting Density and Bio-fertilizers on the Essential Oil Content of Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in Sari Climatic Condition. Electron J. Biol, 10 (3): 98-106
17. Herawati, M.M., S Kasmiyati, S. and Kristiani, E.B.E. 2020. The Effect of Shading on Density and Size of Glandular Trichomes in Artemisia cina Tetraploid, the Source of Anti-Cancer Artemisinin. J. Physics: Conference Series, 1524: 012113. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1524/1/012113
18. Heydari, P., Yavari, M., Adibi, P., Asghari, G.R., Ghanadian, S.M., Dida, G.O., & Khamesipour, F. (2019). Medicinal Properties and Active Constituents of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Its Significance in Iran: A Systematic Review. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 9465309: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9465309.
19. Jasemi, B., Shabani, G.H., Chaichi, M.R., Khoshkhoi, S.H. and Norozi, N. 2019.The Yield and Growth Characteristics of Thymus (Thymus daenensis L.) Treated with Different Fertilizers and Plant Densities. J. Agri Sci, 64 (1): 37-51. https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS1901037J
20. Koocheki, A. and Sarmadnia, H. 2012. Plant Physiology. Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press, Mashhad, 400p.
21. Li, J., Qu, Z., Chen, J., Yang, B. and Huang, Y. 2019. Effect of Planting Density on the Growth and Yield of Sunflower under Mulched Drip Irrigation. Water, 11:752. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040752
22. Lichtenthaler, H.K. and Buschmann, C. 2001. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Measurement and Characterization by UV-VIS Spectroscopy. Curr. Protocol. Food Anal. Chem. 1(1): F4.3.1-F4.3.8. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913.faf0403s01
23. Liu, H., Gu, H., Ye, C., Guo, C., Zhu, Y., Huang, H., Liu, Y., He, X., Yang, M. and Zhu, S. 2021. Planting Density Affects Panax notoginseng Growth and Ginsenoside Accumulation by Balancing Primary and Secondary Metabolism. Front. Plant Sci. 12:628294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.628294
24. Maina, S., Ryu, D.H., Bakari, G., Misinzo, G., Nho, C.W., Kim, H-Y. 2021. Variation in Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Various Organs of African Cabbage (Cleome gynandra L.) Accessions at Different Growth Stages. Antioxidants, 10: 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121952
25. MalekMaleki, F., Abbasi, N., Sharifi Ashourabadi, E., Zare, M.J., Barary, M. 2022. Investigating the Effect of Plant Density on Biochemical Characteristics and Essential Oil in Wild Thyme (Thymbra spicata L.). Plant Produc, 44(4): 573-586. https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30250.1789
26. Mansoori, I. 2014. The Effect of Plant Density and Harvesting Time on Growth and Essential Oil of Peppermint (Mentha Piperita L.). J Med Biol Eng, 3(2):113-116.
27. Masyita, A., Sari, R.M., Astuti, A.D., Yasir, B., Rumata, N.R., Emran, T.B., Nainu, F. and Simal-Gandara, J. 2022. Terpenes and Terpenoids as Main Bioactive Compounds of Essential Oils, Their Roles in Human Health and Potential Application as Natural Food Preservatives. Food Chem, 13: 10021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100217.
28. Medda, S., Dessena, L. and Mulas, M. 2020. Monitoring of the PAL Enzymatic Activity and Polyphenolic Compounds in Leaves and Fruits of Two Myrtle Cultivars during Maturation. Agriculture, 10: 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090389
29. Mirjalili, A., Lebaschi, M. H., Ardakani, M. R., Sharifabad, H. H. and Mirza, M. 2022. Plant Density and Manure Application Affected Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Bakhtiari Savory (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.). Ind Crops Produc, 177: 114516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114516
30. Moldovan, C., Hermeziu, M., Vidican, R., Sandor, M., Gâdea, Ș., David, A., Stoian, V. A., Vâtcă, S. D., & Stoian, V. (2022). Growth Characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L. In Relation to Density for Sustainable Cropping Technology Development. Agric, 12(6): 789. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060789
31. Moosavi, G., Seghatoleslami, M., Ebrahimi, A., Fazeli, M. and Jouyban, Z. 2013. The Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Plant Density on Morphological Traits and Essential Oil Yield of Coriander. J. ornam plants, 3(2): 95-103. https://sid.ir/paper/606918/en
32. Ostadi, A., Javanmard, A., Amani Machiani, M. and Kakaei, K. 2023. Optimizing Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Properties of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) by Integrative Application of Biofertilizer and Stress-Modulating Nanoparticles under Drought Stress Conditions. Plants, 12(1): 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12010151
33. Saunders, J.A. and McClure, J. 1974. The Suitability of a Quantitative Spectrophotometric Assay for Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity in Barley, Buckwheat and Pea Seedlings. J. Plant Physiol, 54: 412-413. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.54.3.412.
34. Sepahvand, A., Khademi, K., Astereki, H. and Mohammadian, A., 2016. Effects of Density on Yield and Yield Components of Thyme (Thymus lancifolius Celak.) Under Dry Farming Conditions of Lorestan Province. IJMAPR, 32(6): 998-997.
35. Sepahvand, A., Shaabani,M., Mohammadian, A. and Yarahmadi, R. 2023. Effect of Plant Density on Aerial Dry Matter and Essential Oil Yield of Two Native Thyme Species (Thymus kotschyanus and T. daenensis) Under Dryland Farming in Lorestan Province, Iran. J. Rangel. Sci, 13 (4): 132331: 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.57647/j.jrs.2023.1304.31
36. Sepehri, A., Mehranrad, T. and Karami, A. 2016. Effects of Planting Date and Plant Density on Physiological Indices, Quantity and Quality Traits of Two Varieties of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Iran. J. Field Crops Res, 14 (1): 86-99.
37. Shafiee-Hajiabad, M., Novak, J. and Honermeier, B. 2015. Characterization of glandular trichomes in four Origanum vulgare L. accessions influenced by light reduction. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual, 88: 300-307. https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2015.088.043
38. Shi, P., Fu, X., Shen, Q., Liu, M., Pan, Q., Tang Y. and Chen. M. 2018. The Roles of AaMIXTA1 in Regulating the Initiation of Glandular Trichomes and Cuticle Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. New Phytologist, 217(1): 261 -276. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14789
39. Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R. and Lamuela, R. 1999. Analysis of Total Phenols and Other Oxidation Substrates and Antioxidants by Means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Methods Enzymol, 229: 152–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1.
40. Tohidi, B., Rahimmalek, M., Arzani, A. and Sabzalian, M.R. 2020. Thymol, Carvacrol, and Antioxidant Accumulation in Thymus species in Response to Different Light Spectra Emitted by Light Emitting Diodes. Food Chem, 307: 125521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125521.
41. Tozin, L.R.D.S., Marques, M.O. and Rodrigues, T.M. 2015. Glandular Trichome Density and Essential Oil Composition in Leaves and Inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 87: 943–953. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140376
42. Tuttolomondoa, T., La Bellaa, S., Letoa, C., Bonsangueb, G., Leoneb, R., Gennaroa, M.C., Virgab, G., Inguantac, R. and Licata, M. 2016. Effects of Plant Density on the Number of Glandular Trichomes and on Yield and Quality of Essential Oils from Oregano. Nat. Prod. Commun, 11(6): 849-852. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601100638
43. Wu, L., Deng, Z., Cao, L. and Meng, L. 2020. Effect of plant density on yield and Quality of perilla sprouts. Sci Rep, 10(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67106-2
44. Zamani, S., Bakhshi, D., Sahraroo, A. and Ebadi, M-T. 2023. Improvement of Phytochemical and Quality Characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi by Drying Methods. Food Sci. Nutr, 11(7): 4246-4262. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3351.
45. Zamani, S., Ghasemnezhad, A., Alizadeh, M. and Alami, M. 2021. Enhancement of PAL enzyme activity and production of phenylpropanoids and antioxidant contents of Cynara scolymus L. callus under the influence of precursor and elicitor. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, 3(2):103-113. https://doi.org/10.48309/jpbb.2021.299818.1012
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology