An Extension Model Compatible with Drought Management in Iran

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Jalal Mahmoodzadeh 1
Mohammad Sadeq Sabouri 1
Mehrdad Niknami 1
Elham Danaei 2
1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Ga. C., Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2 Department of Horticulture, Ga.C., Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to design an extension model compatible with drought management in Iran. The research utilized a mixed research approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative section, data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and review of relevant sources. The participants in this section were 15 of extension experts with significant experience in drought management, selected through purposeful and snowball sampling methods. The data was analyzed using the systematic grounded theory approach with MAXQUDA10 software, following Strauss and Corbin's (1998) approach. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included experts, trainers, and professors whose field or organizational post was related to water resources, irrigation and drainage, agricultural extension and development, and drought, working full-time in the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad (N= 6018). The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, with a total of 372 participants. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and PLS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the main components of the model were the detailed requirements of drought management (coefficient of coefficient 0.013), extensional methods of drought management (0.033), contextual conditions (0.1011), supporting conditions (0.166), conditions and causes (0.102), and consequences of drought management (0.065). Finally, an extension model compatible with drought management in Iran was presented.

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Subjects

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 27, Issue 6
November and December 2025
Pages 1229-1247