Quantifying the Economic Performance of Ratoon Rice Production in China: An Endogenous Switching Regression Analysis

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
1 College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People Republic of China, 430070.
2 Department of Family, Youth, and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 32607, USA.
Abstract
Ratoon Rice (RR) has been proposed to be an effective alternative rice system to increase productivity growth and reduce the environmental impact, but data on the economic performance of RR for farmers are limited. A survey of paddy farms was conducted to assess the impact of the adoption of RR in Hubei, China. Endogenous switching regression framework was used to account for observed and unobserved heterogeneity. We analyzed the effect of yield, income, and technical efficiency of RR adoption. Results show that adoption of RR has great impact on yield, income, and technical efficiency. Increase in rice yield (by 5.12%) and rice income (3.74%) was found for RR farmers; increases of yield, income and technical efficiency was also significant if farmers cultivating single rice shifted to RR. Technical efficiency showed a large difference when RR was adopted by farmers cultivating single rice. Small farms and large farms benefit from the adoption of RR. Large farms benefit more yield and income than small farmer, while small farms are more efficient than large farms. Our findings provide meaningful and timely implications for future national programs and policies to promote the implementation of RR in China that aim to promote more sustainable practices and lower environmental impact in agriculture.

Keywords

Subjects


Abdoulaye, T., Wossen, T., Awotide, B., 2018. Impacts of improved maize varieties in Nigeria: ex-post assessment of productivity and welfare outcomes. Food Security. 10, 369-379. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12571-018-0772-9
Alam, M.K., Biswas, W.K., Bell, R.W., 2016. Greenhouse gas implications of novel and conventional rice production technologies in the Eastern-Gangetic plains. J. Clean. Prod. 112, 3977-3987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.071s
Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. European journal of operational research, 2(6), 429-444.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
Chen, Q., He, A., Wang, W., Peng, S., Huang, J., Cui, K., Nie, L., 2018.Comparisons of regeneration rate and yields performance between inbred and hybrid rice cultivars in a direct seeding rice-ratoon rice system in central china. Field Crops Res, 223, 164-170.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.04.010
Cheng G., Qian, Z., 2011. An epsilon-based measure of efficiency in DEA-an alternative method for the affinity index. Mpra Paper, 2011. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/41680
Coromaldi, M., Pallante, G., Savastano, S., 2015. Adoption of modern varieties, farmers' welfare and crop biodiversity: Evidence from Uganda. Ecol. Econ. 119, ss346-358.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.09.004
Cui, K., Sharon, P.S., 2018. A look at food security in China. npj Sci. Food.2,4
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-018-0012-x
Dong, H., Chen, Q., Wang, W., Peng, S., Huang, J., Cui, K., Nie, L., 2017. The growth and yield of a wet-seeded rice-ratoon rice system in central China. Field Crops Res. 208, 55–59.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.003
Elias, R.S., 1969. Rice production and minimum tillage. Outlook Agr. 6(2), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/003072706900600204
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2016–2017. Crop production. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/?#data/QC/visualize
Foresight, 2011. The future of food and farming, final project report. The government office of science, London. https://doi.org/10.1080/08109028.2011.628564
Fuglie, K.O., Bosch, D.J., 1995. Economic and environmental implications of soil nitrogen testing: a switching-regression analysis. Am. Journal Agr. Econ. 77(4), 891–900.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1243812
Greene, W., 2012. Econometric Analysis, seventh ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Gross, B.L., Zhao, Z., 2014. Archaeological and genetic insights into the origins of domesticated rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(17), 6190-6197. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1308942110
Guo, G., Wen, Q., Zhu, J., 2015. The impact of aging agricultural labor population on farmland output: from the perspective of farmer preferences. Math. Probl. Eng. 2015, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/730618
Harrell D.L., Bond J.A., Blanche S., 2009. Evaluation of main-crop stubble height on ratoon rice growth and development. Field Crops Res, 114(3):396-403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.011
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.
Jimmy, A.N., Khan, N.A., Hossain, M.N., Sujauddin, M., 2017. Evaluation of the environmental impacts of rice paddy production using life cycle assessment: case study in Bangladesh. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 3(4): 1691-1750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0368-y
Jones, D.B., Snyder, G.H., 1987. Seeding rate and row spacing effects on yield and yield components of drill-seeded rice. Agron. J. 79(4): 627-629. doi:10.2134/agronj1987. 0002196
200790004008x
Kabunga, N.S., Dubois, T., Qaim, M., 2012. Yield effects of tissue culture bananas in Kenya: accounting for selection bias and the role of complementary inputs. J. Agric. Econ. 63(2), 444-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2012.00337.x
Khairullah, D.H., Khairullah, Z.Y., 2013. Culture values and decision-making in China. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology. 3(2), 1-12.
Khush, G.S., Gupta, P., 2013. Strategies for increasing the yield potential of cereals: case of rice as an example. Plant Breeding, 132, 433-436. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.1991
Lin, W., 2018. Development status and problems of ratoon rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 18(1), 246-247.
Lokshin, M., Sajaia, Z., 2004. Maximum likelihood estimation of endogenous switching regression models. The Stata Journal. 4(3), 282–289. http://purl.umn.edu/116249; st0071 (Other);
Mengel D.B., Wilson F.E., 1981. Water management and nitrogen fertilization of ratoon crop rice. Agron J. 73, 1008-1010. doi:10.2134/agronj1981.00021962007300060024x
Mishra, A. K., Khanal, A. R., Pede, V. O., 2017. Is direct seeded rice a boon for economic performance? empirical evidence from India. Food Policy. 73, 10-18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.08.021
Muthayya, S., Sugimoto, J.D., Montgomery, S., Maberly, G.F., 2015. An overview of global rice production, supply, trade, and consumption. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1324(1), 7-14.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12540
Nakano H., Morita S., 2008. Effects of time of first harvest, total amount of nitrogen, and nitrogen application method on total dry matter yield in twice harvesting of rice. Field Crops Res, 105(1-2):0-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.07.002
National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS), 2017. National data.
http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/mapdata.htm?cn=E0103
Negalur, R.B., Yadahalli, G.S., Chittapur, B.M., Guruprasad, G.S., Narappa, G., 2017. Ratoon rice: a climate and resource smart technology. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6(5), 1638–1653. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.179
Noltze, M., Schwarze, S., Qaim, M., 2013. Impacts of natural resource management technologies on agricultural yield and household income: the system of rice intensification in Timor Leste. Ecol. Econ. 85, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.10.009
Peng, S.B., Tang, Q.Y., Zou, Y.B., 2009. Current status and challenges of rice production in China. Plant Prod. Sci. 12(1), 3-8. (https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.12.3)
Redoña, E.D,. (2004). Rice Biotechnology for Developing Countries in Asia. Agric. Biotechnol, Philippine Rice Research Institute Science, Philippines. 2004, pp. 201-230.
(http://nabc.cals.cornell.edu/Publications/Reports/nabc_16/16_5_2_redona.pdf)
Firouzi, S., Nikkhah, A., & Aminpanah, H. (2018). Rice single cropping or ratooning agro-system: which one is more environment-friendly? Environ Sci Pollut R. 25, 32246–32256.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3076-x
Santos, A.B., Fageria, N.K., Prabhu, A.S., 2003. Rice ratooning management practices for higher yields. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant. Anal. 34(5-6): 38. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120018981
Shahid, S.A., Abdelfattah, M.A., Taha, F.K., 2013. Developments in soil salinity assessment and reclamation, Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7
Terza, J.V., 1998. Estimating count data models with endogenous switching: sample selection and endogenous treatment effects. Journal of Econometrics. 84(1), 129-154.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(97)00082-1
Tone, K., Tsutsui, M., 2010. An epsilon-based measure of efficiency in DEA revisited -a third pole of technical efficiency. Eur. Journal Oper. Res. 207(3), 1554-1563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2010.07.014
Toorminaee, V., Allahyari, M.S., Damalas, C.A., Aminpanah., H., 2017. Double cropping in paddy fields of northern Iran: currents trends and determinants of adoption. Land use Policy. 62, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.12.013
World Bank, 2017. Indicators at < http://data.worldbank.org/indicators/SP.POP.GROW >(accessed
on June 22, 2017).
Yuan, S., Gassman, K.G., Huang, J.L., Peng, S.B., Grassini, P., 2019. Can ratoon cropping improve resources use efficiencies and profitability of rice in Central China? Field Crops Res. 234, 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.02.004
Ziska, L.H., Fleisher, D.H., Linscombe, S., 2018. Ratooning as an adaptive management tool for climatic change in rice systems along a north-south transect in the southern Mississippi valley. Agr. Forest Meteorol. 263, 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.09.010s
Zhu, D., Chen, H., Xu, Y., Zhang Y., 2013. The limiting factors of mechanization in double cropping
rice production in China and development countermeasures. Chine Rice.19, 1-4. In Chinese with English abstract.