Household Activities Can Reduce Imidacloprid and Abamectin Residues in Greenhouse Crops

Authors
R. Khaghani 1
M. A. Mirhosseini 2
Y. Fathipour 2
1 Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
Greenhouse products are subject to contamination by pesticides used to control pests and diseases. Toxicity on human and non-target animals, destruction of environment, and bioaccumulation are just some of the problems caused by indiscriminate use of pesticides. Imidacloprid and abamectin are two widely used pesticides to control greenhouse pests in Varamin region (Tehran Province, Iran). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of some household operations including refrigerated storage (48 hours), immersion in water (5 hours) and combination of these two treatments on reduction of pesticide residues in two most freshly consumed vegetables, cucumber and tomato. Sampling was performed in three randomly selected greenhouses of each crop in Varamin. Pesticides residue were extracted from samples according to QuEChERS method and determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with UV detection and analytical column C18 (250×4.6 mm). Results showed that crops were contaminated more than maximum residue level of these pesticides. Although in most cases, refrigerated storage treatment reduced pesticides residue more than immersion in water, their combination was the most effective treatment. Based on the results, this treatment caused imidacloprid residues reduction of 91.3 and 60.2% and abamectin residues reduction of 81.4 and 70.3% in cucumber and tomato, respectively. These findings showed that some easy, accessible, and domestic solutions can dramatically reduce residues of these two common pesticides.

Keywords

Subjects

1. Abdellseid, A. and Rahman, T. A. 2014. Residue and Dissipation Dynamics of Abamectin in Tomato Fruit Using Quechers Methodology. International Conference on Food, Biological and Medical Sciences Bangkok, Thailand, PP. 1-9.
2. Andrade, G. C., Monteiro, S. H., Francisco, J. G., Figueiredo, L. A., Rocha, A. A. and Tornisielo, V. L. 2015. Effects of Types of Washing and Peeling in Relation to Pesticide Residues in Tomatoes. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 26: 1994-2002.
3. Chauhan, S. S., Agrawal, S. and Srivastava, A. 2013. Effect of Imidacloprid Insecticide Residue on Biochemical Parameters in Potatoes and Its Estimation by HPLC. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 6: 114-117.
4. Daraghmeh, A., Shraim, A., Abulhaj, S., Sansour, R. and Ng, J. C. 2007. Imidacloprid Residues in Fruits, Vegetables and Water Samples from Palestine. Environ. Geochem. Health., 29: 45-50.
5. El-Naggar, J. B. and Zidan, N. E. 2013. Field Evaluation of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam Against Sucking Insects and Their Side Effects on Soil Fauna. J. Plant Protec. Res., 53: 375-387.
6. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2017. Production Statistics. Rome, FAO, http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/pestres/pesticides/en/. Accessed 15 Junuary 2017.
7. Hassanpour, M., Bagheri, M., Golizadeh, A. and Farrokhi, S. 2016. Functional Response of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) to Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): Effect of Different Host Plants. Biocontrol Sci. Technol., 26: 1489-1503.
8. Huang, J. and Casida, J. E. 1997. Avermectin b1a Binds to High-and Low-Affinity Sites with Dual Effects on the γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Gated Chloride Channel of Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 281:261-266.
9. Khanamani, M., Fathipour, Y., Talebi, A. A. and Mehrabadi, M. 2017. How Pollen Supplementary Diet Affect Life Table and Predation Capacity of Neoseiulus californicus on Two-Spotted Spider Mite. Syst. Appl. Acarol., 22: 135-147.
10. Kong, Z., Dong, F., Xu, J., Liu, X., Zhang, C., Li, J., Li, Y., Chen, X., Shan, W. and Zheng, Y. 2012. Determination of Difenoconazole Residue in Tomato during Home Canning by UPLC-Ms/Ms. Food Control, 23: 542-546.
11. Liang, Y., Wang, W., Shen, Y., Liu, Y. and Liu, X. 2012. Effects of Home Preparation on Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Raw Cucumber. Food Chem., 133: 636-640.
12. Mandic, A., Lazic, S., Okresz, S. N. and Gaal, F. 2005. Determination of the Insecticide Imidacloprid in Potato (Solanum tuberosum l.) and Onion (Allium cepa) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection. J. Anal. Chem., 60: 1134-1138.
13. Mulye, H. 1995. Environmental Evaluation of Imidacloprid Insecticide and the End-Use Product Admire 240F. Submission Numbers: 94-1706 and 94-1705. Pesticides Division, Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch, Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada.
14. Nguyen, T. D., Yu, J. E., Lee, D. M. and Lee, G. H. 2008. A Multiresidue Method for the Determination of 107 Pesticides in Cabbage and Radish Using Quechers Sample Preparation Method and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Food Chem., 110: 207-213.
15. Paya, P., Anastassiades, M., Mack, D., Sigalova, I., Tasdelen, B., Oliva, J. and Barba, A. 2007. Analysis of Pesticide Residues Using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (Quechers) Pesticide Multiresidue Method in Combination with Gas and Lliquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 389: 1697-1714.
16. Pirsaheb, M., Rahimi, R., Rezaei, M., Sharafi, K. and Fatahi, N. 2016. Evaluating the Effect of Peeling, Washing and Storing in the Refrigerator Processes on Reducing the Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos and Abamectin Pesticide Residue in Apple. Int. J. Pharm. Technol., 8: 12858-12873.
17. Riahi, E., Fathipour, Y., Talebi, A. A. and Mehrabadi, M. 2016. Pollen Quality and Predator Viability: Life Table of Typhlodromus bagdasarjani on Seven Different Plant Pollens and Two-Spotted Spider Mite. Syst. Appl. Acarol., 21: 1399-1412.
18. Roudaut, B. 1998. Multiresidue Method for the Determination of Avermectin and Moxidectin Residues in the Liver Using HPLC with Fluorescence Detection. Analyst, 123: 2541-2544.
19. Ryad, L. M. and Mahmoud, A. A. 2016. Study the Effect of Household Processing on Some Pesticide Residues in Olive fFruits. Sci., 6:588-593.
20. Sarkar, M. A., Roy, S., Kole, R. K. and Chowdhury, A. 2001. Persistence and Metabolism of Imidacloprid in Different Soils of West Bengal. Pest Manage. Sci., 57: 598-602.
21. SPSS. 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. IBM Corp, New York.
22. Sun, Y., Diao, X., Zhang, Q. and Shen, J. 2005. Bioaccumulation and Elimination of Avermectin b1a in the Earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Chemosphere, 60: 699-704.
23. Tariq, M. I., Afzal, S., Hussain, I. and Sultana, N. 2007. Pesticides Exposure in Pakistan: A Review. Environ. Int., 33: 1107-1122.
24. Tazerouni, Z., Talebi, A. A., Fathipour, Y. and Soufbaf, M. 2016. Interference Competition between Aphidius matricariae and Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Attacking two Common Aphid Species. Biocontrol Sci. Techn., 26: 1552-1564.
25. Valenzuela, A., Popa, D., Redondo, M. and Manes, J. 2001. Comparison of Various Liquid Chromatographic Methods for the Analysis of Avermectin Residues in Citrus Fruits. J. Chromatogr. A, 918:59-65.
26. Vemuri, S. B., Rao, C. S., Darsi, R., Reddy, H., Aruna, M., Ramesh, B. and Swarupa, S. 2014. Methods for Removal of Pesticide Residues in Tomato. Food Sci. Technol., 2: 64-68.
27. Wang, Q., Cheng, J. A., Liu, Z. M., Wu, S. G., Zhao, X. P. and Wu, C. X. 2005. Influences of Insecticides on Toxicity and Cuticular Penetration of Abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Sci., 12: 109-119.
28. Wang, Y. Q., Tang, B. P., Zhang, H. M., Zhou, Q. H. and Zhang, G. C. 2009. Studies on the Interaction between Imidacloprid and Human Serum Albumin: Spectroscopic Approach. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biolo., 94: 183-190.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 20, Issue 4
September and October 2018
Pages 775-786