Morphological and Molecular Identification and PCR Amplification to Determine the Toxigenic Potential of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex (FGSC) Isolated from Wild Grasses in Iran

Authors
K. Chehri
S. Hajeb
S. M. Maassoumi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
In order to explore biodiversity of Fusarium species associated with the inflorescences of gramineus weeds, heads and inflorescences were collected from wild grasses in west of Iran. Sixty samples, mostly from infected spikes were collected from different sites of western Iran. Nine species from 9 tribes of the Poaceae family were identified based on pollen morphology using light microscopy and scanning electron microscope. Sixty Fusarium isolates were obtained from diseased spikes and identified into five species F. graminearum (40%), F. asiaticum (20%), F. acuminatum (20%), F. equiseti (10%), and F. proliferatum (10%). The identification of the members of F. Graminearum Species Complex (FGSC) was confirmed molecularly using Fg16F/Fg16R primers. F. asiaticum isolates were distinguished from other FGSC using Fg6CTPSf177/Fg16R primers. The phylogenetic trees based on Translation Elongation Factor-1α (TEF-1α) dataset clearly separated all morphological taxa. PCR-based detection of mycotoxin-synthesis-pathway gene was also used to determine the potential to produce trichothecenes (DON and NIV). Among 60 tested isolates, 16 isolates (27%) belonged to DON chemotype and 10 isolates (17%) were NIV chemotype. These results show that DON was the most common chemotype in western Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular identification of Fusarium species isolated from poaceouswild grasses in Iran.

Keywords

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 19, Issue 7
November and December 2017
Pages 1617-1629