The effect of aluminium and iron-based coagulants used for lake recultivation on the sperm motility and fertilisation of the pike (Esox lucius L.)

Authors
M. Bonisławska 1
A. Nędzarek 1
J. Szulc 2
A. Tański 2
A. Torz 1
1 Department of Aquatic Sozology, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, K. Królewicza Street 4B, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland.
2 Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, K. Królewicza Street 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland.
Abstract
The objective of the research was to test the effect of iron and aluminium coagulants commonly used for lake re-cultivation, on the pike sperm motility and fertilisation. The coagulants caused changes in the analyzed hydrochemical parameters of the water such as: Fe, Mg2+, TSS, SO42- and Cl-. Selected parameters of sperm motility: MOT, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN were estimated using CASA. The sperm motility at the moment of activation was the highest in the control sample. With increasing the time of exposure the proportion of sperm motility in the analyzed semen decreased. In the samples with coagulants the values of MOT, VCL and VSL were smaller than in the control sample (statistically significant differences between the control and the samples with PIX and PAX were recorded in the 25th-30th second after activation). The percentage of fertilised eggs was the greatest in the control sample and in the PAX®18 sample (73.11 and 70.42%, respectively), whereas in the PIX®113 it was less than that (54.88%). The shortest larvae were those in the sample with coagulant PIX®113. In the samples with PIX®113 and PAX®18 the survivorship of embryos compared to the control sample was the smallest (43.10 and 51.61%, respectively and control 67.60%) and the proportion of malformed larvae was the highest (34.82 and 24.52%, respectively and control 15.17%).

Keywords

1. Abascal, F. J., Cosson, J. and Fauvel, C. 2007. Characterization of Sperm Motility in Sea Bass: The Effect of Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Variables on Sperm Motility. J. Fish Biol., 70(2): 509-522.
2. APHA (American Public Health Association) 1999. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th edn. Am. Publ. Health Assoc., Washington. PP.1200.
3. Alavi, S. M. H. and Cosson, J. 2005. Sperm Motility in Fishes. I. Effects of Temperature and pH: A Review. Cell Biol. Int., 29: 101-110.
4. Alavi, S. M. H. and Cosson, J. 2006. Sperm Motility in Fishes (II). Effects of Ions and Osmolality: A Review. Cell Biol. Int., 30: 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2005.06.004
5. Alavi, S. M. H., Rodina, M., Viveiros, A. T., Cosson, J., Gela D., Boryshpolets, S. and Linhart, O. 2009. Effects of Osmolality on Sperm Morphology, Motility and Flagellar Wave Parameters in Northern Pike (Esox lucius L.). Theriogenol., 72(1): 32-43.
6. Baker, J. P. and Schofield, C. L. 1982. Aluminum Toxicity to Fish in Acidic Waters. Water Air Soil Pollution, 18: 289-309.
7. Bachand, P. A., Bachand, S. M. S., Lopus, E., Heyvaert, A. and Werner, I. 2010. Treatment with Chemical Coagulants at Different Dosing Levels Changes Ecotoxicity of Stormwater from the Tahoe Basin, California, USA. J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard Subst. Environ. Eng., 45(2): 137-54.
8. Bidhan, C. De., Meena, D. K., Behera, B. K., Das, P., Das Mohapatra, P. K. and Sharma, A. P. 2014. Probiotics in Fish and Shellfish Culture: Immunomodulatory and Ecophysiological Responses. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 40(3): 921-71.
9. Billard, R. 1978. Changes in Structure and Fertilizing Sbility of Marine and Freshwater Fish Spermatozoa Diluted in Media of Various Salinities. Aqua., 14: 187-198.
10. Billard, R. 1986. Spermatogenesis and Spermatology of Some Teleost Fish Species. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 2: 877-920.
11. Blaxter, J. H. S. and Hemple, G. 1963. The Influence of Egg Size on Herring Larvae (Clupea harengus). J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., 28: 211-240.
12. Bondarenko, O., Dzyuba, B., Cosson, J., Rodina, M. and Linhart, O. 2014: The Role of Ca2+ and Na+ Membrane Transport in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Spermatozoa Motility. Fish. Physiol. Biochem., 40: 1417-1421. DOI 10.1007/s10695-014-9936-5
13. Bonisławska, M., Formicki, K., Smaruj, I. and Szulc J. 2011. Total Suspended Solids in Surface Waters versus Embryonic Development of Pike (Esox lucius L.). EJPAU, 14 (1) http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume14/issue1/art-07.html
14. Bonisławska, M., Tański, A., Nędzarek, A. and Tórz, A. 2012. Effect of the Coagulants PAX and PIX on the Embryonic Development of Pike (Esox lucius L.). Limnol. Rev., 12(3): 125-132.
15. Brzozowska, R. and Gawrońska, H. 2006. Effect of the Applied Restoration Techniques on the Content of Organic Matter in the Sediment of Lake Długie. Limnol. Rev., 6: 39-46.
16. Ciereszko, A., Dietrich, G. J., Dietrich, M. A., Nynca, J., Kuźmiński, H., Dobosz S. and Grudniewska, J. 2010. Effect of pH on Sperm Motility in Several Salmoniformes Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo trutta, Salmo salar and Thymallus thymallus. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 26: 665-667.
17. Cosson, J., Billard, R., Cibert, C., Dreanno C. and Suquet, M. 1999. Ionic Factors Regulating the Motility of Fish Sperm. In: “The Male Gamete: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications”. (ED.): Gagnon. C. Cache River Press, Vienna. IL. PP. 161-186.
18. Cosson, J. 2004. The Ionic and Osmotic Factors Controlling Motility of Fish Spermatozoa. Aqua. Int., 12: 69-85
19. Dietrich, G. J., Wojtczak, M., Dobosz, S., Kuźmiński, H., Kowalski, R., Kotłowska M. and Ciereszko, A. 2007. Characterization of Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) Sperm Motility: Effects of pH, Cations and Ovarian Fluid. Fundam. Appl. Limnol. Adv. Limnol., 60: 159-170.
20. Dietrich, G. J., Dietrich, M., Kowalski, R. K., Dobosz, S., Karol, H., Demianowicz, W. and Głogowski, J. 2010. Exposure of Rainbow Trout Milt to Mercury and Cadmium Alters Sperm Motility Parameters and Reproductive Success. Aqua. Toxicol., 97(4): 277-284.
21. Drenner, R. W. and Hambright, K. D. 1999. Review: Biomanipulation of Fish Assemblages as a Lake Restoration Technique. Arch. Hydrobiol., 146(2): 129-165.
22. Dziewulska, K. and Domagała, J. 2013. Effect of pH and Cation Concentrations on Spermatozoa Motility of Sea Trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Theriogenol., 79: 48-58.
23. Eddy, F. B. and Talbot, C. 1983. Formation of the Perivitelline Fluid in Atlantic Salmon Eggs (Salmo salar) in Fresh Water and in Solutions of Metal Ions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C., 75: 1-7.
24. Exley, C., Wicks, A. J., Hubert, R. B. and Birchall, J. D. 1996. Kinetic Constraints in Acute Aluminium Toxicity in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Theor. Biol., 179: 25-31.
25. Freeman, R. A. and Everhart, W. H. 1971. Toxicity of Aluminium Hydroxide Complexes in Neutral and Basic Media to Rainbow Trout. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 100: 644-658.
26. Formicki, K., Szulc, J., Tański, A., Korzelecka-Orkisz, A., Witkowski, A. and Kwiatkowski, P. 2013. The Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Danube Huchen. Hucho hucho (L.) Sperm Motility Parameters. Arch. Pol. Fish., 21(3): 189-197.
27. Gatti, J. L., Billard, R. and Christen, R. 1990. Ionic Regulation of the Plasma Membrane Potential of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri ) Sperm: Role in the Initiation of Motility. J. Cell. Physiol., 143: 546-564.
28. Gawrońska, H., Lossow, K. and Grochowska, J. 2002. Influence of the Aluminium Coagulant PAX on the Aquatic Environment of Lake Długie in Olsztyn. Limnol. Rev., 2: 121-130.
29. Gawrońska, H. and Brzozowska, R. 2002. Influence of the PAX Coagulant Application on Internal Loading in Lake Długie. Limnol. Rev., 2: 111-119.
30. Grochowska, J. and Brzozowska, R. 2013. The Influence of Different Recultivation Methods on the Water Buffer Capacity in a Degraded Urban Lake. Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ec., 410, 01.
31. Howells, G., Dalziel, T. R. K., Reader, J. P. and Solbe, J. F. 1990. EIFAC Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish: Report on Aluminium. Chem. Ecol., 4: 117-173.
32. Ito, A., Umita, T., Lizawa, J., Takachi T. and Morinaga, K. 2000. Removal of Heavy Metals from Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge by a New Chemical Method Using Ferric Sulphate. Water Res., 34(3): 751-758.
33. Jančula, D. and Maršálek, B. 2012. Seven Years from the First Application of Polyaluminium Chloride in the Czech Republic: Effects on Phytoplankton Communities in Three Water Bodies. Chem. Ecol., 28(6): 535-544.
34. Kalbassi, M. R., Lorestani, R. and Marammazi, J. G. 2014. Improvement of Sperm Quality Indices of Benni Fish (Barbus sharpeyi) by Application of LHRHA2 and Metoclopramide. J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 16: 91-104.
35. Konieczny, K., Bodzek, M., Kopeć A., and Szczepanek, A. 2007. Coagulation – Submerged Membrane System for NOM Removal from Water. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 14(4): 563-569.
36. Lampert, W. and Sommer, U. 1997. Limnoecology: the Ecology of Lakes and Streams. Oxford Univ. Pr., New York, USA,. ISBN 0-19-509592-8. PP. 382.
37. Lelková, E., Rulík, M., Hekera, P., Dobiáš, P., Dolejš, P., Borovičková, M. and Poulíčková, A. 2008. The Influence of the Coagulant PAX–18 on Planktothrix agardhii Bloom in a Shallow Eutrophic Fishpond. Fottea, 8(2): 147-154.
38. Lewicka-Rataj, K., Kaczorkiewicz, M., Heese,T., Wasiniewska, M. and Miszczyszyn, M. 2014. Structure and Function of Bacterioplankton in the Rehabilitated Lake Przesiecko. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol., 14: 96-105.
39. Lopus, S. E., Bachand, P. A., Heyvaert, C., Werner, I., Teh, S. J. and Reuter, J. E. 2009. Potential Toxicity Concerns from Chemical Coagulation Treatment of Stormwater in the Tahoe Basin, California, USA. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 72(7): 1933-1941. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.04.004.
40. Łopata, M., Gawrońska, H. and Brzozowska, R. 2007. Comparison of effectiveness of aluminium and lantan coagulants in phosphorus inactivation. Limnol. Rev., 7(4): 247-253.
41. Macova, S., Machova, J., Prokes, M., Plhalova, L., Siroka, Z., Dleskova, K., Dolezelova P. and Svobodova, Z. 2009. Polyaluminium Chloride (PAX-18)-Acute Toxicity and Toxicity for Early Development Stages of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 30: 192-198.
42. Macova, S., Plhalova, L., Siroka, Z., Dolezelova, P., Pistekova, V. and Svobodova, Z. 2010. Acute Toxicity of the Preparation PAX-18 for Juvenile and Embryonic Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acta Vet. Brno., 79: 587-592.
43. Piasecki, W. G. and Zacharzewski, D. 2010. Influence of Coagulants Used for Lake Restoration on Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea, Cladocera). Baltic Coastal Zone, 14: 49-56.
44. Pizarro, J., Belzile, N. M., G. Filella, G., Leppard, J., Nègre, C., Perret, D. and Buffle, J. 1995. Coagulation/Sedimentation of Submicron Particles in a Eutrophic Lake. Water Res., 29(2): 617-632.
45. Schubel, J. R., Auld, A. H. and Schmidt, G. M. 1974. Effects of Suspended Solids on the Development and Hatching Success of Yellow Perch and Striped Bass Eggs. Special Report No. 35, Chesapeake Bay Institute, John Hopkins University.
46. Singh, P. B., Sahu, V., Singh, V., Nigam S. K. and Singh, H. K. 2008. Sperm Motility in the Fishes of Pesticide Exposed and from Polluted Rivers of Gomti and Ganga of North India. Food Chem. Toxicol., 46(12): 3764-3769.
47. Soulsby, C., Youngson, A. F., Moir, H. J. and Malcomb, I. A. 2001. Fine Sediment Influence on Salmonid Spawning Habitat in a Lowland Agricultural Stream: A Preliminary Assessment. Sci. Total Environ., 265(1-3): 295-307.
48. Stoss, J. 1983. Fish Gamete Preservation and Spermatozoan Physiology In: “Fish physiology” (Eds.): Hoar, W. S., Randal, D. J. and Donaldson, E. M. Academic Press New York, PP. 305-350.
49. Szczerbowski, J. A. 2008. Inland Fisheries in Poland. Ed. IRŚ. Olsztyn, 570 PP.
50. Tandyrak, R. 2002. Influence of Lake Restoration by the Phosphorus Inactivation Method on the Content of Organic Matter and Phosphorus in Lake Bottom Sediments. Limnol. Rev., 2: 399-406.
51. Tański, A., Brysiewicz, A., Tórz, A. and Wesołowski, P. 2012. The Structure of Fish Catches in Lake Przybiernowskie (Zachodniopomorskie Province) in Relation to Hydrochemical Conditions. Wat. Environ. Rural Area., 12(37): 193-208.
52. Tański, A., Bonisławska, M., Tórz, A., Formicki, K., Nędzarek, A., Drost A. and Rybczyk, A. 2013. Specifying the Relationship between Key Stages of Pike (Esox lucius L.) Embryogenesis and Coagulants Used in Lake Recultivation. Limnol. Rev., 13(2): 105-113.
53. WIOŚ, 2014. Report on Environmental Status in Zachodniopomorskie Province in the Years 2012–2013. www.wios.szczecin.pl/bip/files/.../04.pdf [Available 14.01.2015] [In Polish]
54. Zhi-Hua, L., Ping, L., Dzyuba, B. and Randak, T. 2010. Influence of Environmental Related Concentrations of Heavy Metals on Motility Parameters and Antioxidant Responses in Sturgeon Sperm. Chem-Biol. Interact., 188(3): 473-477.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 19, Issue 3
May and June 2017
Pages 627-641