Micropropagation of Astragalus adscendens: A Source of Gaz-angabin Manna in Iran (Persian Manna)

Authors
G. Esmaeili 1
M. Azizi 1
H. Arouiee 1
L. Samiei 2
1 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2 Research Center of Plant Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro proliferation of Astragalus adscendens. Explants were taken from hypocotyl and cotyledon and were cultured on the basic medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) complemented with various plant growth regulators, (NAA, BAP, KIN, ZEA), to induce direct shoot regeneration. Callus induction was significantly affected by different concentrations of PGRs. Callus formation was observed from hypocotyl explants, but they were not induced to adventitious shoot regeneration and most of them were turned into brown. Therefore, rapid multiplication, performed using shoot apical buds, and obtained from 15-day old sterile seedlings. Apical buds were cultured on MS medium containing various levels of BAP, KIN and ZEA (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) alone or in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. The highest number of shoot regenerants (8.5/explants) and leaves (22.4/explants) obtained on MS medium with 4 mg L-1 BAP. The highest root induction (100%) was obtained from MS media supplemented with 0.3 mg L-1 NAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots with 1:1:1 mixture of soil, peat, and perlite.

Keywords

1. Azimi, M., Mesdaghi, M. and Farhpoor, M. 2005. Study of the Relationships of Cyamophila dicora Loginova Population and Vegetation Parameters of Astragalus adscendens in Feridounshahr, Isfahan. J. Sci. Tech. Agri. Res., 9(3): 243-252.
2. Basalma, D., Uranbey, S., Gürlek, D. and Özcan, S. 2008. TDZ-induced Plant Regeneration in Astragalus cicer L. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7(8): 955-959.
3. Erisen, S., Yorgancilar, M., Atalay, E. and Babaoglu, M. 2009. Prolific Shoot Regeneration of Astragalus cariensis Boiss. Plant. Cell. Tiss. Org., 100(2): 229–233.
4. Erisen, S., Yorgancilar, M., Atalay, E., Babaoglu, M. and Duran, A. 2010. Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of the Endemic Astragalus nezaketae in Turkey. Electron. J. Biotechnol., 13(6): 13-14.
5. Farahnaky, A., Shojaei, Z. A., Sadeghi-Khomami, A. and Majzoobi, M. 2009. Physicochemical Properties and Rheological Behavior of Gaz-angabin. Int. J. Food. Prop., 12: 347–357.
6. Gerami, B. 1998. Gas of Khansar: The Manna of Persia. Eco. Bot., 52(2): 183-191.
7. Ghahremaninejad, F., Bagheri, A. and Maassoumi, A. A. 2012. Two New Species of Astragalus L. Sect. Incani DC. (Fabaceae) From The Zanjan Province (Iran). Adansonia, 34(1): 59-65.
8. Hasançebi, S., Turgut Kara, N., Çakir, O. and Ari, S. 2011. Micropropagation and Root Culture of Turkish Endemic Astragalus chrysochlorus (Leguminosae). Turk. J. Bot., 35: 203-210.
9. Hou, S. W. and Jia, J. F. 2004. High Frequency Plant Regeneration from Astragalus melilotoides Hypocotyl and Stem Explants via Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis. Plant. Cell. Tiss. Org., 79(1): 95–100.
10. Luo, J. P. and Jia, J. F. 1998a. Plant Regeneration from Callus Protoplasts of the Forage Legume Astragalus adsurgens Pall. Plant. Cell. Rep., 17 (4): 313–317.
11. Luo, J. P. and Jia, J. F. 1998b. Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Hypocotyl Explants of the Forage Legume Astragalus adsurgens. Plant. Cell. Rep., 17 (6-7): 567–570.
12. Luo, J. P., Jia, J. F., Gu, Y. H., and Liu, J. 1999. High Frequency Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Callus Cultures of Astragalus adsurgens Pall. Plant. Sci., 143(1): 93–99.
13. Massoumi, A. A. 1998. Astragalus in the Old World. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands Pub., Tehran, 115 PP.
14. Mirici, S. 2004. High Frequency of Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from Leaf and Leaf Petiol of Endemic Astragalus polemoniacus Bunge, Selcuk University. Agric. Faculty Pub., 18(34): 31-34.
15. Mohammadi, M and Deni, M. 2002. Identification of Manna Source, Production Mechanism and Utilization in Iran. Iranian J. Med. Aroma. Plant., 17: 75-119.
16. Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. 1962. A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bioassays with Tobacco Tissue Culture. Physiol. Plant, 15(3): 473-497.
17. Puspashree, P. and Shiba, P. R. 2012. In vitro Micropropagation of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC (Fam- Fabaceae): A Medicinal Legume through Axillary Bud Multiplication. Pak. J. Bio. Sci., 15(10): 477-483.
18. Rios, J. L. and Waterman, P. G. 1997. A Review of the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Astragalus. Phytother. Res., 11(6): 411-418.
19. Rolston, M. P. 1978. Water Impermeable Seed Dormancy. Bot. Rev., 44(3): 365-396.
20. Rout, G. R., Saxena, C., Samantaray, S. and Das, P. 1999. Rapid Clonal Propagation of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Plant. Growth. Regul., 28(1):1–4.
21. Rout, G. R. 2005. Micropropagation of Clitoria ternatea linn. (Fabaceae) an Important Medicinal Plant. In. Vitro. Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant., 41(4):516–519.
22. Samsam Shariat, H. and Moatar, F. 2003. Plants and Natural Drugs. 4th Edition, Rozbahan Public.,Tehran, 288 PP.
23. Seifollahi, A. R. and Ebadi, R. 2002. Gaz Psyllids Species, Their Distribution and Population Densities in Isfahan Province. Iran. J. Agri. Sci, 33(2): 187-196.
24. Sharma, N., Chandel, K. P. S. and Paul, A. 1993. In vitro Propagation of Gentiana kurroo: An Indigenous Threatened Plant of Medicinal Importance. Plant. Cell. Tiss. Org., 34(3): 307–309.
25. Turgut Kara, N. and Ari, S. 2006. Micropropagation of Astragalus maximus willd. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip., 20 (1): 20-22.
26. Vidoz, M. L. 2006. Tissue Culture of Trifolium polymorphum, T. carolinianum, Adesmia latifolia, A. bicolor and Lotononis bainesii. Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science.
27. Yorgancilar, M. and Erisen, S. 2011. The Effect of ThiDiaZuron (TDZ) on Shoot Regeneration of Astragalus schizopterus. J. Ani. Plant. Sci., 21(3): 519-524.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 18, Issue 3
May and June 2016
Pages 741-750