Attitude towards On-the-job E-learning: The Case of Agricultural Extension Workers in Iran

Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2 Department of Agricultural Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
3 Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
The successful adoption of e-learning systems is mainly dependent on the learners’ attitude and willingness to use them. This survey was conducted to investigate agricultural extension workers’ attitudes toward using e-learning for on-the-job training in Iran and factors which affect it. Using the stratified sampling technique a sample of 379 extension workers were selected from six provinces. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data through an interview method. Findings show that extension workers’ attitude toward e-learning is generally positive. Extension workers' knowledge of e-learning, access to technical support, and their motivation influence their attitude toward the use of e-learning for on-the job training. Therefore, recommendations are provided to promote the experts’ motivation, knowledge and to improve infrastructures.

Keywords


1. Ajzen, I. 2001. Nature and Operation of Attitudes. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 52: 27-58.
2. Batalla-Busquets, J. and Pacheco-Bernal, C. 2013. On-the-job E-learning: Workers' Attitudes and Perceptions. Int. Rev. Res. Open Dis., 14: 41-64
3. Bertea, P. 2009. Measuring Students’ Attitude towards E-learning: A Case Study. The 5th International Scientific Conference, Bucharest, Romania.
4. Beyth-Marom, R., Chajut, E., Roccas, S. and Sagiv, L. 2003. Internet-assisted Versus Traditional Distance Learning Environments: Factors Affecting Students’ Preferences. Comp. Edu., 41: 65–76.
5. Bhuasiri, W., Xaymoungkhoun, O., Zo, H., Rho, J. and Ciganek A. P. 2012. Critical Success Factors for E-learning in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis between ICT Experts and Faculty. Comp. Edu., 58: 843-855
6. Bray, E., Aoki, K. and Dlugosh, L. 2008. Predictors of Learning Satisfaction in Japanese Online Distance Learners. Int. Rev. Res. Open Dis., 9: 1-24.
7. Burns, R. B. 1997. Introduction to Research Methods. 3rd Edition, Longman, Melbourne. p. 624.
8. Aixia, D. and Wang, D. 2011. Factors Influencing Learner Attitudes toward E-learning and Development of E-learning Environment Based on the Integrated E-learning Platform. Int. J. E-Educ. E-Bus. E-Manage. E-Lear., 1.
9. Drennan, J., Kennedy, J. and Pisarski, A. 2005. Factors Affecting Student Attitudes toward Flexible Online Learning in Management Education. J. Edu. Res., 98: 331-338
10. Eastmond, D. V. 1994. Adult Distance Study through Computer Conferencing. Dis. Edu., 15: 128-152.
11. Gefen, D., Karahanna, E. and Straub, D. W. 2003. Inexperience and Experience with Online Stores: The Importance of TAM and Trust. IEEE Transac. Engineering Mgm., 50: 307-321.
12. Gunawardena C. N. and Duphorne, P. L. 2000. Predictors of Learner Satisfaction in an Academic Computer Conference. Dis. Edu., 21: 101-117.
13. Gunawardena, C., Carabajal, K, and Lowe, C. A. 2001. Critical Analysis of Models and Methods Used to Evaluate Online Learning Networks. Paper Presentation at American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, April 11, Seattle, WA.
14. Katz, Y. J., Evans, T. and Francis, L. J. 1995. The Reliability and Validity of the Hebrew Version of the Bath County Computer Attitude Scale. Educ. Comput. Res., 13: 237-244.
15. Liaw, S., Huang, S. H. M and Chen, G. D. 2007. Surveying Instructor and Learner Attitudes toward E-learning. Comput. Edu., 49:1066-1080
16. Martins, L. and Kellermanns, F. W. 2004. A Model of Business School Students’ Acceptance of a Web-based Course Management System, Acad. Manag. Learn. Edu., 3: 7-39.
17. McVeigh, H. 2009. “Factors Influencing the Utilisation of E-learning in Post-registration Nursing Students. Nurs. Educ. Today, 29: 91-99.
18. Movahedi, R. and Nagel, U. J. 2012. Identifying Required Competencies for the Agricultural Extension and Education Undergraduates, J. Agr. Sci. Tech,. 14: 727-742
19. Pezeshki Rad, Gh., Alizadeh, N., Zamani Miandashti, N. and Shabanali Fami, H. 2011. Factors Influencing Knowledge Sharing among Personnel of Agricultural Extension and Education Organization in Iranian Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture, J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 13: 491-501
20. Paris P. G. 2004. E-Learning: A Study on Secondary Students’ Attitudes towards Online Web Assisted Learning. Int. Educ. J., 5: 98-112
21. Rodriguez, Michael C., Ooms, A. and Montanez, M. 2008. Students’ Perceptions of Online-learning Quality Given Comfort, Motivation, Satisfaction, and Experience. Interactiv. Onlin. Learnin., 7: 105- 125.
22. Rosenberg, M. J. 2001. E-learning, Strategies for Delivering Knowledge in the Digital Age. McGraw-Hill, New York.
23. Selim, H. M. 2007. Critical Success Factors for E-learning Acceptance: Confirmatory Factor Models. Comp. Edu., 49: 396–413.
24. Shashaani, L. 1994. Gender-differences in Computer Experience and Its Influence on Computer Attitudes. J. Educ. Comput. Res., 11. 347-367.
25. Shashaani, L. 1997. Gender Differences in Computer Attitudes and Use among College Students. J. Educ. Comput. Res., 16: 37-51.
26. Simmers, C. A. and Anandarajan, M. 2001. User Satisfaction in the Internet-anchored Workplace: An Exploratory Study. J. Inf. Tech. Theo. App., 3: 39-62.
27. Smart Karl, L. and Cappel, J. 2006. Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning: A Comparative Study. J. Inf. Tech. Educ., 5: 201-219
28. Soong, B. M. H., Chan, H. C., Chua, B. C. and Loh, K. F. 2001. Critical Success Factors for On-line Course Resources. Comp. Edu., 36: 101–120.
29. Stoel, L. and Lee, K. H. 2003. Modeling the Effect of Experience on Student Acceptance of Web-based Courseware. Internet Res., 13: 364-374.
30. Šumak, B., Heričko, M., Pušnik, M. and Polančič, G. 2011. Factors Affecting Acceptance and Use of Moodle: An Empirical Study Based on TAM. Informatica, .35: 91–100
31. Sun, P., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y. and Yeh, D. 2008. What Drives a Successful E-learning? An Empirical Investigation of the Critical Factors Influencing Learner Satisfaction, Comp. Edu., 50: 1183-1202.
32. Volery, T. and Lord, D. 2000. Critical Success Factors in Online Education. Int. J Edu. Mgmt., 14: 216-223.
33. Wilkinson A., Roberts J. and While A. E. 2010. Construction of an Instrument to Measure Student Information and Communication Technology Skills, Experience and Attitudes to E-learning. Comp. Hum. Behav., 26: 1369–1376
34. Yaghoubi J., Shokri M. E. and Gholiniya, M. J. 2011. Assessing Agricultural Insurance Agents Attitude Towards E-learning Application in Teaching Them. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 15: 2923–2926
35. Zhang, L., Wen, H., Li, D. and Fu, Z. 2010. E-learning Adoption Intention and Its Key Influence Factors based on Innovation Adoption Theory. Math. Comp. Model. Agri., 51: 1428–1432
36. Yu, S., Chen, I-J., Yang, K., Wang, T. and Yen, L. 2007. A Feasibility Study on the Adoption of E-learning for Public Health Nurse Continuing Education in Taiwan. Nurs. Edu. Today, 27: 755–761