Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Oil Extracted from Three Canola Cultivars Grown in Golestan Province of Iran

Authors
Z. Beig Mohammadi 1
Y. Maghsoudlou 1
H. Safafar 2
A. R. Sadeghi Mahoonak 1
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
2 Cultivation, Research and Development Centre for Oil Seeds, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
The oil extracted from three major canola cultivars (Hyolla401, Hyolla420 and RGS003) grown in Golestan Province was analyzed for physico-chemical properties, fatty acid composition, minerals content, and stability during 16 weeks of storage. According to the results, the highest iodine value and refractive index belonged to Hyolla401. The highest saponification value was observed in Hyolla420. There was no significant difference (P< 0.05) between the relative densities of the three cultivars. Study on the mineral content showed the highest level of iron and phosphorus in Hyolla420 and the maximum sulfur content in RGS003 cultivar. Oleic acid (ω-9) was the major fatty acid in all cultivars and the highest level was found in RGS003 (include % of oleic acid here). The highest level of essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (ω-6) was found in Hyolla420 and linolenic acid (ω-3) in Hyolla401. In all three cultivars, erucic acid content was low and within the permitted level (include % of oleic acid here). The Hyolla420 had the highest content of free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value and Totox value compared to the other cultivars, during storage. However, result of oil stability based on Rancimat test showed that the Hyolla420 cultivar had the highest induction time during storage, which was in agreement with its low polyene index (PI).

Keywords

1. Abraham, V. and deMan, J. M. 1987. Determination of Total Sulfur in Canola. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 64: 384-389.
2. AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 18th Edition, Method: 990-05, AOAC International, Gaithersburg.
3. AOCS. 1998. Official Methods and Recommended Practice of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. 5th Edition, Methods Cd 1d -92, Cd 3 -25, Cc 10 - 95, Cc 7- 25, Ce 1b-89, Cd 18-90, Ca 5a-40, Cd 12-57, Cc 13i – 96 and Ca 12- 55, AOCS Press, Champaign.
4. Appeleqvist, L. A. and Ohlson, R. 1972. Rapeseed Cultivation, Composition, Processing and Utilization. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 51: 439-445.
5. Barnard, D. L., Bateman Cole, E. R. and Eunneen, J. I. 1958. Synergistic Antioxidant Combination. Mechanism of Stabilization with Organo-sulfur Compounds. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 35: 161-169.
6. Baux, A., Hebeisen, T. and Pellet, D. 2008. Effects of Minimal Temperatures on Low-linolenic Rapeseed Oil Fatty-acid Composition. Europ. J. Agron., 29: 102–107.
7. Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2001. Fats, Oils and Related Products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, PP. 257.
8. Cosgrove, J. P., Church, D. F. and Pryor, W. A. 1987. The Kinetics of the Auto-oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. J. Lipids, 22: 299–304.
9. Fennema, O. R. 1996. Food Chemistry. Marcel Decker, New York, USA, PP. 225-314
10. Geier, H. 2004. Canola Quality in Alaska. J. Agric. Forest. Exper. Stat. Report, 42: 78-84.
11. Gunstone, F. D. 2002. Vegetable Oils in Food Technology: Composition, Properties and Uses. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., CRC Press, Oxford, UK, PP. 352.
12. Gunstone, F. D. 2004. Rapeseed and Canola Oil: Production, Processing, Properties and Uses. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, PP.222.
13. McCormick, R. L., Ratcliff, M., Moens, L. and Lawrence, R. 2007. Several Factors Affecting the Stability of Biodiesel in Standard Accelerated Tests. Fuel Process. Tech., 88: 651–657.
14. Mendez, E., Sanhueza, J., Speisky, H. and Valenzuela, A. 1996. Validation of the Rancimat Test for the Assessment of the Relative Stability of Fish Oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 73: 1033-1037.
15. Nawar, W. 1998. Lipids. In: "Food Chemistry", (Ed.): Fennema, O.. 3nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, New York, PP. 225–320.
16. SAS. 2001. The SAS Program for Windows. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
17. Smouse, T. H. 1994. Methods to Assess Oil Quality and Stability. In: "Factors Affecting Oil Quality and Stability" (Eds.): Warner, K. and Eskin, N. A. M.. AOCS, Champaign, PP. 12.
18. Suzuki, K. and Nishioka, A. 1993. Behavior of Chlorophyll Derivatives in Canola Oil Processing. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 70: 837–841.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 14, Issue 3
May and June 2012
Pages 577-586