Differential Expression of CA7 and NCED Genes in Common Bean Genotypes under Drought Stress

Authors
M. Khodambashi
B. Shiran
N. Gharaghanipour
Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstract
The response of plants to drought stress depends on several factors including the plant developmental stage and the length and severity of the stress applied. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important pulse crop that is cultivated worldwide for human consumption. Understanding of the mechanisms responsible for its response to drought is, therefore, essential. An increasing number of reports show that withdrawal of water from plants growing in the controlled conditions is accompanied by changes in the expression of a number of genes. To our knowledge, regulation of gene expression in flower buds of P. vulgaris under stress conditions has not been reported. Our aim was to identify transcription sensitivity of CA7 and NCED genes under water deficit stress at vegetative and reproductive stages of different bean genotypes. Two experiments were carried out. Within each experiment, the groups of drought-stressed plants were subjected to water withholding, while the control plants were watered every other day. Stressed plants were re-irrigated when RWC reached 66±2 percent. Our study showed that CA7 and NCDE were genes differentially expressed in the studied genotypes under drought stress. The expression of these genes was strongly induced in response to drought stress in flower buds of the cultivar Jules and the line KS-21191. It seems that under stress conditions, these genes express more in the tolerant than the susceptible genotypes. Therefore, these two genes could probably be used to obtain plants relatively tolerant to water deficit stress, especially in the reproductive stage of plant growth.

Keywords

1. Bray, E. A. 2002. Classification of Genes Differentially Expressed during Water Deficit Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana: An Analysis Using Microarray and Differential Expression Data. Ann. Bot., 89: 803–811.
2. Bray, E. A. 2004. Genes Commonly Regulated by Water-deficit Stress in Arabidopsis Thaliana. J. Exp. Bot., 55: 2331–2341.
3. Broughton, W. J., Hern´andez, G., Blair, M., Beebe, S., Gepts, P. and Vanderleyden, J. 2003. Beans (Phaseolus spp.): Model Food Legumes. Plant Soil, 252: 55–128.
4. Cellier, F., Conejero, G., Breiher, G. C. and Casse, F. 1998. Molecolar and Physiological Responses to Water Deficit in Drought-tolerant and Drought-sensitive Line of Sunflower. Plant Physiol., 116: 319-325.
5. Chang, S., Puryear, L. and Cairney, J. 1993. A Simple and Efficient Method for Isolating RNA from Pine Tree. Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter, 11(2): 113-116.
6. Colmenero-Flores, J. M., Campos, F., Garciarrubio, A. Covarrubias. 1997. Characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris cDNA Clones Responsive to Water Deficit: Identification of a Novel Late Embryogenesis Abundant-like Protein. Plant Mol. Biol., 35: 393–405.
7. Graham, P. H. and Ranalli, P. 1997. Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field Crops Res., 53: 131-146.
8. Hwang, S. G., Chen, H. C., Huang, W. Y., Chu, Y. C., Shii, C. T. and Cheng, W. H. 2010. Ectopic Expression of Rice OsNCED3 in Arabidopsis increases ABA Level and Alters Leaf Morphology. Plant Sci., 178: 12–22.
9. Iuchi, S., Kobayashi, M., Taji, T., Naramoto, M., Seki, M., Kato, T., Tabata, S., Kakubari, Y., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. and Shinozaki, K. 2001. Regulation of Drought Tolerance by Gene Manipulation of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase, a Key Enzyme in Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The Plant J., 27: 325–333.
10. Kavar, T., Maras, M., Kidric, M., Sustar-Vozic, J. and Meglic, V. 2008. Identification of Genes Involved in the Response of Leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris to Drought Stress. Molr. Breed., 21: 159–172.
11. Kirch, H. H., Nair, A. and Bartels, D. 2001. Novel ABA- and Dehydration-inducible Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Genes Isolated from the Resurrection Plant Craterostigma plantagineum and Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant J., 28(5): 555-567.
12. Kirch, H. H., Schlingensiepen, S., Kotchoni, S., Sunker, R. and Bartels, D. 2004. Detailed Expression Analysis of Selected Genes of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Gene Super Family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol., 57: 315–332.
13. Kotchoni, O. S. and Bartels, D. 2003. Water Stress Induces the Up–regulation of a Specific Set of Genes in Plants: Adehyde Dehydrogenases as Anexample. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., (Special Issue): 37–51
14. Laing, D. R., Jones, P. G. and Davis, J. H. C. 1984. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). In: "The Physiology of Tropical Field Crops", (Eds.): Goldsworthy, P. R. and Fisher, N. M.. John Wiley and Sons, NY, USA, pp. 305-351
15. Lefebvre, V., North, H., Frey, A., Sotta, B., Seo, M., Okamoto, M., Nambara, E. and Marion-Poll, A. 2006. Functional Analysis of Arabidopsis NCED6 and NCED9 genes Indicates that ABA Synthesized in the Endosperm Is Involved in the Induction of Seed Dormancy. Plant J., 45: 309–319.
16. Lizana, C., Wentworth, M., Martinez, J. P., Villegas, D., Meneses, R., Murchie, E. H., Pastenes, C., Lerzri, B., Vernieri, P., Horton, P. and Pinto, M. 2006. Differential Adaptation of Two Varieties of Common Bean to Abiotic Stress. I. Effects of Drought on Yield and Photosynthesis. J. Exp. Bot., 57: 685–697.
17. Maggio, A., Zhu, J. K., Hasegawa, P. M. and Bressan, R. A. 2006. Osmogenetics: Aristotle to Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 18: 1542–1557.
18. Micheletto, S., Rodriguez-Uribe, L., Hernandez, R., Richins, R. D., Curry, J. and O’Connell, M. A. 2007. Comparative Transcript Profiling in Roots of Phaseolus acutifolius and P. vulgaris under Water Deficit Stress. Plant Sci., 173: 510–520.
19. Mun˜oz-Perea, C. G., Tera´n, H., Allen, R. G., Wright, J. L., Westermann, D. T. and Singh, S. P. 2006. Selection for Drought Resistance in Dry Bean Landraces and Cultivars. Crop Sci., 46: 2111–2120.
20. Nambara, E. and Marion-Poll, A. 2005. Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Catabolism. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol., 56: 165–185.
21. O’Connell, M. A. 1995. The Role of Drought-responsive Genes in Drought Resistance. Agric. Biotechnol. News Inform., 7: 143N–147N.
22. Op Den Camp, R. G. L. and Kuhlemeier, C. 1997. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Tobacco Pollen. Plant Mol. Biol., 35: 355-365.
23. Pasban Eslam, B. 2011. Evaluation of Physiological Indices for Improving Water Deficit tolerance in Spring Safflower. J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 13: 327-338
24. Qin, X. and Zeevaart, J. A. D. 1999. The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Cleavage Reaction is the Key Regulatory Step of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis in Water-stressed Bean. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 96, PP. 15354–15361.
25. Qin, X. and Zeevaart, J. A. D. 2002. Overexpression of a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Increases Abscisic Acid and Phaseic Acid Levels and Enhances Drought Tolerance. Plant Physiol., 128: 544–551.
26. Ramirez-Vallejo, P. and Nelly, J. D. 1998. Traits Related to Drought Resistance in Common Bean. Euphytica, 99: 127–136.
27. Rasband, W. S. 2011. Image J. U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/.
28. Rodriguez-Uribe, L. and O’Connell, M. A. 2006. A Root-specific bZIP Transcription Factor is Responsive to Water Deficit Stress in Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and Common Bean (P. vulgaris). J. Exp. Bot., 57: 1391–1398.
29. Saini, H. S. 1997. Effects of Water Stress on Male Gametophyte Development in Plant. Sex Plant Reprot., 10: 47-73.
30. Schwartz, S. H., Qin, X. and Zeevaart, J. A. D. 2003. Elucidation of the Indirect Pathway of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis by Mutants, Genes, and Enzymes. Plant Physiol., 131: 1591–1601.
31. Sedghi, M., Seyed Sharifi, R., Pirzad, A. R. and Amanpour-Balaneji, B. 2012. Phytohormonal Regulation of Antioxidant Systems in Petals of Drought Stressed Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 14: 869-878.
32. Seki, M., Narusaka, M. and NanJo T., Fujita M., Oono Y., Kamia A, Nakajima M., Enju A., Sakurai T. 2002. Monitoring the Expression Profiles of 7000 Arabidopsis Genes under Drought, Cold and High-salinity Stresses Using a Full-length cDNA Microarray. Plant J., 3: 279–292.
33. Shinozaki, K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. 2007. Gene Networks Involved in Drought Stress Response and Tolerance. J. Exp. Bot., 58: 221–227.
34. Sunkar, R., Bartels, D. and Krich, H. H. 2003. Overexpression of a Stress-inducible Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene from Arabidopsis thaliana in Transgenic Plants Improves Stress Tolerance. The Plant J. 35: 452-464.
35. Thompson, A. J., Jackson, A. C., Symonds, R. C., Mulholland, B. J., Dadswell, A. R., Blake, P. S., Burbidge, A. and Taylor, I. B. 2000. Ectopic Expression of a Tomato 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene Causes Over-production of Abscisic Acid. The Plant J., 23: 363–374.
36. Thompson, A. J., Mulholland, B. J., Jackson, A. C., Mckee, J. M. T., Hilton, H., Symonds, R. C., Sonneveld, T., Burbidge, A., Stevenson, P. and Taylor, I. B. 2007. Regulation and Manipulation of ABA Biosynthesis in Roots. Plant Cell Environ., 30: 67–78.
37. Torres, G. A. M., Pflieger, S., Corre-Menguy, F., Mazubert, C., Hartmann, C. and Lelandis-rie're, C., 2006. Identification of Novel Drought-related mRNAs in Common Bean Roots by Differential Display RT-PCR. Plant Sci., 171: 300–307
38. Tu¨rkan, I., Bor, M., O¨zdemir, F. and Koca, H. 2005. Differential Responses of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidants in the Leaves of Drought-tolerant P. acutifolius Gray and Drought-sensitive P. vulgaris L. Subjected to Polyethylene Gglycol Mediated Water Stress. Plant Sci., 168: 223–231.
39. Wan, X. -R. and Li, L. 2006. Regulation of ABA Level and Water-stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis by Ectopic Expression of a Peanut 9-cisepoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 347: 1030–1038.
40. Xiong, L. and Zhu, J. 2003. Regulation of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol., 133: 29–36.
41. Yang, J. and Z. Guo. 2007. Cloning of a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene (SgNCED1) from Stylosanthes guianensis and Its Expression in Response to Abiotic Stresses. Plant Cell Rep., 26: 1383–1390.
42. Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Lu, S., Cai, J. and Guo, Z. 2008. Overexpressing SgNCED1 in Tobacco Increases ABA Level, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Stress Tolerance. Plant Growth Regul., 27: 151–158.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Volume 15, Issue 7
November and December 2013
Pages 1491-1499