Effect of Long-term Reduced Tillage on Yield and Weeds of Spring Barley

Authors
1 Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
2 Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term reduced tillage on yield and weeds of spring barley. Treatments consisted of three tillage systems including: (a) conventional tillage (CT), (b) reduced tillage (RT), and (c) herbicide tillage (HT) as the main plot, and two cultivars of spring barley (Tocada and Rastik) as subplots. The results showed that the yield of both cultivars was the highest in CT and the lowest in HT and RT tillage systems. Yield reductions in both HT and RT tillage systems were due to lower spikes per m2 and 1,000 grain weight. Weeds numbers and dry weight were more in HT and RT than CT tillage.

Keywords


1. Brandsaeter, L. O., Bakken, A. K., Mangerud, K., Riley, H., Eltun, R. and Fyske, H. 2011. Effects of Tractor Weight, Wheel Placement and Depth of Plowing on the Infestation of Perennial Weeds in Organically Farmed Cereals. Eur. J. Agron., 34(4): 239-246.
2. Buhler, D., Stoltenberg, D., Becker, R. and Gunsolus, J. 1994. Perennial Weed Populations after 14 Years of Variable Tillage and Cropping Practices. Weed Sci., 42: 205-209.
3. Cardina, J., Herms, C. P. and Doohan, D. J. 2002. Crop Rotation and Tillage System Effects on Weed Seedbanks. Weed Sci., 50: 448–460.
4. Chauhan, B. S., Gill, G. S. and Preston, C. 2006. Tillage System Effects on Weed Ecology, Herbicide Activity and Persistence: A Review. Aust. J. Exp. Agr., 46: 1557–1570.
5. Deike, S., Pallutt, B., Melander, B., Strassemeyer, J. and Christen, O. 2008. Long-term Productivity and Environmental Effects of Arable Farming as Affected by Crop Rotation, Soil Tillage and Strategy of Pesticide Use: a Case-study of Two Long-Term Field Experiments in Germany and Denmark. Eur. J. Agron., 29: 191–199.
6. European :union:. 2009. Common Catalogue of Varieties of Agricultural Plant Species. 28th complete edition (2009/C 302 A/01). Official Journal of the European :union: 12.12.2009.
7. Farooq, M., Flower, K. C., Jabran, K., Wahid, A. and Siddique K. H. M. 2011. Crop Yield and Weed Management in Rainfed Conservation Agriculture. Soil Till. Res., 117: 172-183.
8. Gruber, S. and Claupein, W. 2009. Effect of Tillage Intensity on Weed Infestation in Organic Farming. Soil Till. Res., 105(1): 104-111.
9. Gruber, S., Pekrun, C., Möhring, J. and Claupein, W. 2012. Long-term Yield and Weed Response to Conservation and Stubble Tillage in SW Germany. Soil Till. Res., 121: 49-56.
10. Guy, S. O. and Cox, D. B. 2002. Reduced Tillage Increases Groundcover in Subsequent Dry Pea and Winter Wheat Crops in the Palouse Region of Idaho. Soil Till. Res., 66: 69-77.
11. IUSS Working Group WRB. 2006. World reference Base for Soil Resources 2006. 2nd Edition, World Soil Resources Reports No. 103, FAO, Rome, 132 PP.
12. Jug, I., Jug, D., Sabo, M., Stipeševic, B. and Stošic, M. 2011. Winter Wheat and Yield Components as Affected by Soil Tillage Systems. Turk. J. Agric. For., 35: 1-7.
13. Knight, S. M. 2004. Plough, Minimal Till or Direct Drill? Establishment Method and Production Efficiency. Proceedings of Conference: Managing Soil and Roots for Profitable Production, Home Grown Cereals Authority, London, PP.12.1-12.10
14. Locke, M. A., Reddy, K. N. and Zablotowicz, R. M. 2002. Weed Management in Conservation Crop Production Systems. Weed Biol. Manag., 2: 123-132.
15. López-Bellido, L., Fuentes, M., Castillo, J. E., López-Garrido, F. J. and Fernández, E. J. 1996. Long-term Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Wheat Yield under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions. Agron. J., 88: 783–791.
16. López-Bellido, L., López-Garrido, F. J., Fuentes, M., Castillo, J. E. and Fernández, E. J. 1997. Influence of Tillage, Crop Rotation and Fertilization on Soil Organic Matter and Nitrogen under Rain-fed Mediterranean Conditions. Soil Till. Res., 43: 277-293.
17. Małecka, I., Blecharczyk, A., Sawinska, Z. and Dobrzeniecki, T. 2012. The Effect of Various Long-term Tillage Systems on Soil Properties and Spring Barley Yield. Turk. J. Agric. For., 36: 217-226.
18. Mohler, C. L., Frisch, J. C. and McCulloch, C. E. 2006. Vertical Movement of Weed Seed Surrogates by Tillage Implements and Natural Processes. Soil Till. Res., 86: 110–122.
19. Morris, N. L., Miller, P. C. H., Orson, J. H. and Froud-Williams, R. J. 2010. The Adoption of Non-inversion Tillage Systems in the United Kingdom and the Agronomic Impact on Soil, Crops and the Environment: A Review. Soil Till. Res., 108: 1-15.
20. Ozpinar, O. and Ozpinar A. 2011. Influence of Tillage and Crop Rotation Systems on Economy and Weed Density in a Semi-arid Region. J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 13: 769-784.
21. Pekrun, C. and Claupein, W. 2006. The Implication of Stubble Tillage for Weed Population Dynamics in Organic Farming. Weed Res., 46: 414–423.
22. Tørresen, K. S. and Skuterud, R. 2002. Plant Protection in Spring Cereal Production with Reduced Tillage IV Changes in the Weed Flora and Weed Seedbank. Crop Prot., 21: 179-193.
23. Woźniak, A. and Staniszewski, M. 2007. Yield and Grain Quality of Hard Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Depending on Crop Rotation. Acta Agrophys., 9(3): 809-816. (in Polish, Abstract in English)
24. Woźniak, A. 2011. Weed Infestation of a Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop under the Conditions of Plough and Ploughless Tillage. Acta Agrobot., 64(3): 133-140.
25. Woźniak, A. and Haliniarz, M. 2012. The After-effect of Long-term Reduced Tillage Systems on the Biodiversity of Weeds in Spring Crops. Acta Agrobot., 65(1): 141-148.
26. Vakali, C., Zaller, J. G. and Köpke, U. 2011. Reduced Tillage Effects on Soil Properties and Growth of Cereals and Associated Weeds under Organic Farming. Soil Till. Res., 111: 133-141.
27. Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T. and Konzak, C. F. 1974. A Decimal Code for the Growth Stages of Cereals. Weed Res., 14: 415-421.