1- Allama Iqbal Open University
2- Allama Iqbal Open University , shermuhammadnioa@yahoo.com
3- PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
4- University of Sargodha, Sargodha
Abstract: (50 Views)
Smallholder farmers in northern Punjab struggle to adopt sustainable practices like essential oil extraction, despite their potential to improve livelihoods. Core elements from theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, and innovation diffusion theory are amalgamated to develop an adoption model, which is subsequently analyzed using structural equation model. The results unveil significant mediating effects involving attitudes (perceived usefulness, easiness), normative concerns (social influence), and indicating maximum variation (R2) regarding by-product preparation (0.76) and steam distillation (0.65). The model successfully accounts moderating effects of socioeconomic variables, indicating a robust association among latent variables. Hence, improving the adoption behavior among smallholders necessitates a focus on socio-psychological and socioeconomic factors.
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Article Type:
Original Research |
Subject:
Agricultural Extension and Education Received: 2024/02/8 | Accepted: 2024/01/1