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 The present research was conducted to study the effect of NPK fertilization on wheat grain yield, minerals concentration, grain quality, gluten, pentosan, and phytate phosphorous (phy-P) content, and the influence of maternal plant NPK fertilization on the seed physiological attributes during the germination period. NPK treatments comprised a control, where no fertilizer was applied (T₀), and two levels of NPK fertilizer: T₁ (110 kg N+60 kg P₂O₅+55 kg K₂O ha^-1), and T₂ (200 kg N+120 kg P₂O₅+100 kg K₂O ha^-1). Winter wheat was grown in a greenhouse during the growing season of 2015-16, following randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The results indicated that a high level of NPK (T₂) fertilization increased the grain yield, crude protein, water-soluble pentosan, and dry gluten, up to 151.6, 65.3, 40.5, and 408.9% compared to the control, respectively. It also enhanced the grain mineral concentration, but did not affect the grain starch significantly. Grain phy-P was increased with a high NPK fertilization and, interestingly, the level of phytase enzyme was also increased up to 46% in T₂ compared to the control. Moreover, maternal plant NPK fertilization enhanced seed germination percentage, seedling fresh weight, phytase activity, inorganic phosphorus, and phy-P metabolism during the germination period. From the results of this study, it was concluded that grain nutritional quality was improved with increasing NPK rates, but antinutritional compound phy-P was also increased, while it may enhance seed viability, germination, and seedling vigor.
 

Keywords: Germination, NPK, pentosan, phytate, wheat

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