Showing 2 results for Water Deficiency.
Sudabeh Mafakheri, Behvar Asghari, Narges Azad,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2024)
Abstract
Water deficiency poses a significant challenge to global agricultural systems, impacting crop performance and product quality. Compounds like putrescine have demonstrated the potential to enhance plant resilience to environmental stresses. This pot study, conducted in 2023 at Imam Khomeini International University, employed a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications, aimed to assess the impact of varied irrigation levels and foliar application of putrescine on both quantitative and qualitative traits of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.). Water deficiency was induced at three levels (100%, 75%, and 50% of Field Capacity), and putrescine foliar spray was applied at concentrations of 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mM. Results indicated that water scarcity significantly reduced plant growth indices, Relative Water Content (RWC), and photosynthetic pigment levels. However, foliar spray with putrescine effectively mitigated these adverse effects. Furthermore, the combination of water deficiency and the application of 0.2 mM putrescine elevated total phenolic compounds (48.76%), flavonoid compounds (54.85%), and restrained free radical DPPH (44.85%) compared to control. Putrescine-treated plants exhibited a noteworthy increase in essential oil percentage compared to the control group. Furthermore, as water deficiency increased, the essential oil composition showed an increase in the percentages of 1,8-cineole and methyl eugenol compared to control plants. The foliar application of putrescine resulted in a significant enhancement in the essential oil's key compounds in holy basil. In conclusion, foliar spray with putrescine emerges as a practical and straightforward approach to enhance both the quality and quantity of holy basil growth, particularly in semi-arid regions.
M. Mirzaie, A. R. Ladanmoghadam, L. Hakimi, E. Danaee,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (11-2020)
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on percentage of Essential Oil (EO) content, EO yield, EO composition, and anatomical characteristics of lemongrass at four levels of water availability [100, 75, 50, and 25% Field Capacity (FC)]. EO composition was determined by GC-MS analysis, and scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the anatomical parameters (stomatal density and size as well as glandular trichomes). EO content and yield significantly increased under moderate water stress (50% FC) and AMF inoculation. The highest EO content (1.09%) and yield (0.26 g plant-1) occurred in 50% FC combined with AMF inoculation treatment. In contrast, the lowest EO content (0.68%) and yield (g plant-1) were observed at 25% FC and no AMF inoculation. The main EO components were geranial, neral, β-pinene and nerol. Water stress increased the content of geranial, β-pinene, whereas it decreased the neral and nerol content. In general, AMF inoculation enhanced the geranial, neral, and β-pinene, but nerol was slightly decreased in total. The highest geranial (48.02%) and β-pinene (7.72%) was observed in AMF inoculated plants at 50% FC. However, the maximum content of neral (35.02%) was found in inoculated plants at 100% FC. Water stress changed the stomatal density and size as well as the number of glandular trichomes. The highest stomatal density was observed in 50% FC (148.1 stomata number mm-2). Water stress decreased the stomatal size, with the lowest stomatal length (24.1 µm) and width (14.1 µm) observed at 25% FC. In addition, the number of glandular trichomes at 50% FC (24.6 trichome number mm-2) was greater than the other treatments. This study suggests inoculating lemongrass plants with AMF and maintaining a moderate water stress to obtain the optimum EO.
