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In this article it is tried the political culture of Iranian society in a qualitative range of authoritarianism to democratic, to be analyzed. Theoretical perspectives on the political culture of Iran have been formed, Analyzes different and sometimes conflicting with each other are provided; A set of views, political culture of Iran has introduced with characteristics and features of undemocratic and authoritarian. And another group, democratic indexes attributed to it;including the indexes emphasis on high-amount political participation in the different election periods. In this study, using a quantitative survey based on fuzzy data, the political culture of the city of Urmia and Khorramabad, that have the lowest and highest rates electoral participation, is analyzed. Using empirical evidence, will be measured theories and views of Iranian political culture. For this purpose amount membership of citizens in the two sets political culture together were measured:self-expression values against survival values and rational values against traditional values, determines the patterns of their political culture. Research results shows that the pattern of political culture Urmia and Khorramabad somewhat similar to each other. Contrary to previous thought, in none of the two cities, there is no single homogeneous political culture. Thus political values of the masses, that is a set of democratic and authoritarian tendencies ambivalent. And more importantly, the political culture of citizens is not consistent with their electoral participation rate. Thus the argument that the high electoral participation would represent a standard for promotion of political culture and Its democratic that is not consistent with reality.    

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Organizational forgetting is a very important concept and a complementary concept to organizational learning in knowledge management. Unlearning is often used as a synonym for organizational forgetting. Unlearning means discarding of old routines to make way for new ones. In unlearning, organizations remove their embedded knowledge intentionally. Type-2 fuzzy sets are used for modeling uncertainty and imprecision in a better way because of fuzzy membership function. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a model for the assessment of organizational unlearning using interval type-2 fuzzy (IT2F) weights. This research is an applied one, and has been carried out according to mixed method in three phases. Based on the previous studies, in the first phase the dimensions of organizational unlearning were recognized. In the second phase the extracted components are prioritized using type-2 Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process (FAHP) based on the opinion of experts, then the organizational unlearning model was designed. In the last phase to clarify the suggested model, an IT company is taken as a case. The survey population consisted of 45 employees and managers of the case. An important part of the results revealed how to use suggested model for unlearning evaluating. in addition, adjusted unlearning and operative unlearning have the best rank among organizational unlearning.

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Sheet metal components frequently are used in industry. There are several methods to produce them. Progressive die one of the most widely applied devices to sheet metal components manufacturing. The progressive dies reduce the time and cost of producing complex sheet metal components. However, the design and manufacture of these dies are difficult. CAD/CAM systems have been proved to be very useful tools for this task. In this paper, two the important stages of die design process, Nesting and Piloting system are studied. By using fuzzy set theory and three fuzzy rules: scrap percentage, type of pilots, distance between pilots, the optimum state of nesting and piloting is determined. These rules are applied according to expert comments and industrial observations. According to our investigation, piloting accuracy impresses the final nesting design, thus a new fuzzy rule based on distance between pilots is proposed in this paper. The presented method is based on algebra algorithm that it determines suitable and exact place of semi-direct and indirect pilots and decrease calculation time. Three components taken from industry and previous papers are used to show the capability of the proposed method.

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The lack of resources and the communities' demands for various goods and services require effective prioritization of investment in different sectors of the economy. Prioritization could optimize resources allocation in addition to improve the social welfare level. This paper provides a framework for prioritizing investment in the services sector according to the aims and policies of A.T. organization. To do this, following determination of factors affecting investment priorities, this paper uses Fuzzy TOPSIS method as a model for setting priorities, since traditional methods in setting priority are insufficient in confronting with vague situations and linguistic evaluations. This method is based on combination of experts and decision-makers’ views in the form of qualitative performance evaluation indicators, which are expressed as triangular fuzzy numbers. The findings indicate that investment in financial and insurance services takes top priority over other services.

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Every project has many risks and as there are many complexities in projects today, recognizing the most important risks is essential for projects' success and efficiency. In this research, we tried to determine most significant risk's categories in the framework of risk breakdown structure of 4th edition of Project Management Body of Knowledge Guide that can be generalize to all projects in Iran. With considering dependencies and interactive relations between risks of project, we used DEMATEL method to determine the most significant project risk's categories on the basis of risk breakdown structure of 4th edition of Project Management Body of Knowledge Guide. Also fuzzy set theory was applied to measure experts' subjective judgments, experts who have rich expertise and knowledge in Iranian projects were selected to evaluate the influences. The results revealed that "External", "Technical", "Project Management" and "Organizational" risks are significant and in the most important risk's category which is "External", "Regulatory" risks and in "Technical", "Project Management" and "Organizational" risks, "Technology", "Estimating" and "Project Dependencies" are the most important risks respectively and should be paid more attention because they were in the first rank of importance.

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  The need for flexibility in manufacturing, increased competition, and quick response to meet customer demands in the right time are the necessary subject of discussion in a manufacturing area. There are a number of reasons that affect on a flexible manufacturing system. Scheduling is one significant reason, and affects on a policy that has a direct connection with the dispatching rules. The selection of a rule can be based on several criteria, in which each criterion influences the interactions between them. Thus, a model for the analytical network process (ANP) is needed to find an appropriate dispatching rule. Also, due to the problem nature and uncertainty in the process of pairwise comparison and interactions between the criteria, as well as the selection of dispatching rules, there is no single exact method to be used for solving the presented model. Therefore, considering the existing characteristics in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) under uncertainty, the ANP model with the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set is used. Then selection of the dispatching rules considering the view of industry experts is done. Finally, the appropriate ranking for this selection is proposed.    

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The present study examines the fuzzy sets model for computing rainfall over the Upper Chi-Mun basins in the Northeastern region of Thailand based on historical weather data from five stations’ rain gauges under the radar umbrella, temperature, relative humidity, and radar reflectivity. Data were collected during June 2009 to August 2009 of the rainfall reflectivity record from the Royal Rainmaking Research Centre at Pimai, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, and for the surface rainfall, automatic rain gauges were used. The results showed that the Fuzzy-GAs model could be used effectively to estimate rainfall given only three parameters: temperature, relative humidity and radar reflectivity. Furthermore, the results show that the genetic algorithm calibration provided the optimal conditions of the membership function. The simulation results indicated that the results of the Fuzzy-GA model were close to the observed rainfall data more than the results of a multiple linear regression model for both calibration and validation processes. Consequently, we are confident that a Fuzzy-GA model is a useful tool for estimating rainfall.

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Today's world is more competitive than ever, and industry increasingly looks to supply chain management as a competitive weapon. the objective of this research is to suggest an integrated approach for Closed Loop Supply Chain network including two phases. In the first phase, a framework for supplier selection criteria in RL is proposed. Beside a fuzzy method is utilized to evaluate suppliers based on quantitative and qualitative criteria. The output of this stage is the weight of each supplier according to each part.in the second phase, we propose a Multi Objctive mixd-integer linear programming model to determine weight of suppliers and amount of item for purching from them(strategic decisions), as well as weight of remanufacturing subcontractor and dedicate product to them (tactical decisions), and find out the optimal number of part and products in CLSC network(operational decisions). The objective functions maximize profit of selling, minimize factory cost as well as cost of unsatisfied demand and rest of them maximize weight of suppliers and allocate return product between recoverable centers in factory and remanufacturing subcontractors. the mathematical programming model is validated through numerical analysis.

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Over the last few decades, reliability engineering has been successfully applied in many industries to improve the performance of equipment maintenance management. Many optimization models and researches are developed and widely used to achieve a high level of maintenance, i.e. the balance of performance, risk, resources, and cost to achieve an optimal solution. although, the application of these techniques to medical equipment is very new,One of the major challenges is how to improve the safety, security and reliability of medical devices. In this paper a FMEA based assessment model is proposed to improve human reliability in medical devices. Fuzzy linguistic variables are used to express the experts’ evaluation for risk factors of sub systems. The results indicate that the human reliability assessment of medical devices must be more focused on reducing soft failures and hidden risks. Also through the designing and developing processes of medical devices, attention must be paid to the communication between operators and designers.