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The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which is known as one of the most important economic pests, can cause severe damage to different crops in Iran and many countries of the world. The effect of five maize hybrids: SC260, SC500, SC700, SC704 and DC370 on lysozyme activity in the hemolymph of sixth instar of H. armigera using lytic zone assay and its association with some fitness parameters of this pest was studied in growth chamber (25 ± 1˚C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L : D) h). Our results indicated that except on SC260, the frequency of high immune-activated larvae on the other maize hybrids was lower than that of low immune-activated larvae. The mean lysozyme concentration in H. armigera larval hemolymph was the highest on SC260 (0.096 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and lowest on DC370 (0.060 ± 0.007 mg/ml). The longest pupal period was on SC500 (12.00 ± 0.49 days) and the shortest was on SC700 (10.37 ± 0.19 days). Daily and total fecundities of H. armigera were the highest on DC370 (61.68 ± 9.85 and 196.89 ± 49.30 eggs, respectively) and lowest on SC260 (20.60 ± 5.88 and 52.71 ± 18.80, respectively). The results of this study can provide fundamental information for management of H. armigera on maize hybrids.

 

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The purpose of the research was to the role of influential people in sports intentions. Descriptive-correlational research method; In terms of functional purpose, it was sectional in terms of time. The statistical population consisted of all the people who followed influential people on Instagram. Sampling was available online on social networks as a sample. Instruments for measuring information variability and social interaction from Harry Doxy and Hanson (2009), validation from Ohanin (1990), interpersonal interaction from Pierce and Rubin (1988), attractiveness from Greenwood et al. (2008), entertainment from Chao (2011), The intention to watch fitness on Instagram, the intention to exercise, the attitude towards fitness and the tendency towards fitness movies by Hsu and Line (2008). Internal and external evaluation of the model was performed based on structural equation modeling. Research findings showed; the first, second, third, fourth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth hypotheses were confirmed. In addition, the fifth, sixth and eleventh hypotheses were rejected. The current life is inevitably influenced by the performance of new media such as Instagram, and Iranian society is no exception. Therefore, following such a process, the fitness department is creating ideas taken from this media to guide them in the direction that is accompanied by acceptance from the audience. 

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Samuel Clark has a completely rationalist explanation of ethics and uses the concept of fitness a lot to explain his view; hence, his moral theory is known as the fitness theory. Clark considers moral values ​​and obligations to be based on fitness relations and believes that the reason can understand self-evidently a large part of these relationships, and the other part can be obtained through rational arguments or revelation. Critics have found some ambiguities and defects in Clarke's fitness theory. In this article, Clarkeian fitness theory is examined according to the criticisms raised, and then in a brief comparison with the theory of existential fitness, it is shown that the theory of existential fitness does not have these ambiguities and defects.

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Aim: This study focuses on the impact of contraceptive methods on weight gain among female athletes. Clinical studies confirm that weight gain is often considered a side effect of hormonal contraceptives and many women think that an association exists; this is while, Sports Medicine and Injuries’ Studies report that this effect is still unclear. This comparative study was designed to dwell on the results of similar studies.
Method: Two groups of voluntary female athletes agreed to participate in this study. They were distributed based on the conditions proposed for this study (Group 1 took the oral contraceptive, and Group 2 practised condom) for three cycles of the ovum of the same marital lifestyle. Then they were tested based on the U.S. Federal Government’s Standard Fitness Tests for Women, and their homogeneity was calculated on the basis of age (training and chronology), the typical training program, and social condition.
Findings: Based on the research findings:
• The proposed techniques prevent pregnancy record in regulating the samples’ menstruation cycle during the experiment.
• Practising condom preserves the body weight index composition with a positive physical potential.
• Taking oral contraceptive increases the body fat with negative physical potential.
• There is a strong positive relationship between the body fat and the level of body fitness in the benefit of condom.
Conclusion: Our results are in line with the findings from similar clinical and sport medicine studies, confirming that the use of oral contraceptives increases the percentage of body fat and decreases aerobic fitness among female athletes.

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The relationship between female oviposition preference and offspring performance is a key area of study on the evolution of host specificity. This study investigates host prefer-ence of the polyphagous hover fly Syrphus ribesii (Diptera: Syrphidae) and compares it with some components of its offspring`s performance. Females and offspring were tested on six naturally used aphid hosts (blackberry, dock, nettle, pea, rose, and sycamore aphids). In the laboratory, larvae were able to develop successfully on aphids which were rarely selected for oviposition by gravid females. Despite the relatively small differences in performance resulting from feeding on different aphids, there was evidence for a pref-erence-performance correlation in the generalist S. ribesii.

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Allameh Muhammad Taqi Jafari has many and varied discussions on ethics, and by searching through these discussions, one can arrive at a coherent theory about moral value from his perspective. He has an aesthetic interpretation of moral value, and he believes that moral value at its highest level negates any utilitarian view. According to Allameh, Jamal Mutlaq, the beauty of God, is incapable of any explanation, but at a lower level, on an abstract level, a single explanation can be provided for different types of beauty based on the concept of harmony. The theory of existential fitness on moral value has significant similarities with Allameh Jafari's theory of moral beauty, and the important distinction between the two is in the issue of explicability of God's moral beauty. In this paper, a formulation of Allameh Jafari theory of moral beauty is presented and the extension of that theory in the theory of existential fitness is clarified.
 

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Deep understanding of biological and behavioral characteristics of trichogrammatid wasps, helps us for better and more efficient rearing of these parasitoids. In the current study, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was reared on Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) for several generations and the effect of long-term rearing of the parasitoid on some of its attributes like parasitism capability, emergence rate, sex ratio, and wingless rate of adults was determined in both laboratory and insectarium conditions. The laboratory investigation showed that long-term rearing decreased fitness of the parasitoid, so that, parasitism rate and adult emergence rate decreased. By contrast, sex ratio and number of wingless individuals increased with increasing generations. Our results in insectarium were a little different. However, adult emergence rate had significant difference and trichocards quality decreased with increasing generations. The sex ratio in different periods had no significant difference. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in wingless rate in different rearing time periods. Accordingly, the parasitoid’s fitness was affected by number of generations in both conditions. Although, mass rearing under laboratory condition provided wasps with more desired traits than those reared in insectary, both decreased fitness of T. brassicae when number of generations increased.
 

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Abstracts This paper presents how the genetic algorithm (GA) can be applied to design of cascade stilling basins. Genetic Algorithm is adaptive method, which can be used to solve search and optimization problems over a period of generations, based upon the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest ones. The objective of this research is to minimize total cost of construction effectively which is a function of height of falls and length of stilling basins, while fulfilling the hydraulic and topographical criteria. The efficiency of GA discussed here has been tested for a benchmark example and the result for this algorithm is compared with the other method introduced by Vittal and Porey. The results clearly reveal superiority of the GA algorithm

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Temperature and water potential are the main determinants of the seed germination of plant species. Experiments were conducted to quantify the seed germination response of two sterile oat Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Nyman biotypes susceptible and resistant to acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor herbicides under six temperature regimes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C), and five levels of drought stress (0.0,-0.3, -0.6, -0.9, and -1.2 MPa). The base temperature of seed germination in both biotypes was affected by drought stress. The base temperature changed from no stress to maximum stress in the susceptible biotype from 3.24 to 7.15 °C and in the resistant biotype from 3.12 to 7.43 °C. Thermal times required for 50% germination of the seed population at sub-optimal temperatures was increased from 26.2 to 87.8 °C day in the susceptible biotype and from 28.8 to 90.6 °C day in the resistant biotype. Increasing the temperature from 5 to 30 °C decreased the constant hydrotime from 10.92 to 1.66 MPa in the susceptible biotype and 11.52 to 1.98 MPa in the resistant biotype. The hydrothermal time constant for susceptible and resistant biotypes was 28.6 and 31.1 MPa. According to the hydrothermal time model, the herbicide-resistant biotype (-0.858 MPa) seeds require more water potential than the susceptible biotype (-0.905 MPa) to germinate at higher temperatures. Based on the parameters of the models, the germination response to temperature and water potential was similar in both susceptible and resistant biotypes. Consequently, maximum emergence of both biotypes is possible at 15 °C and without water stress conditions.


 

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This editorial is a summary of the result of the research on “Recruitment ‎Strategy for Military Operational Personnel” The experience of the eight-‎year imposed war and the neutralization of the internal clashes by the ‎military forces after the victory of the Islamic Revolution proved that some ‎percentage of the operational personnel encountered problems engaging with ‎the enemy. It was then admitted that they had not taken up the right job to ‎occupy for their life.‎ Accordingly, the researcher attempted to study the type of personalities that ‎fit these kinds of high-risk engagements, with a view of screening the right ‎persons before they are employed for such high-risk operations. Recruiting the ‎individuals rightly fitting the job would ensure that the work done for their ‎improvement will be highly efficient, as intended by the rule of “Compatible ‎Work Environment with Personality Type” for employees “efficiency”, ‎corresponding with the most important factor of “Combat Readiness” as ‎reckoned in the military organizations. Besides military personnel, the ‎research was extended to other high-risk areas including firefighters maybe ‎other rescue workers, and the findings maybe recommended for all such ‎instances.‎ No need to emphasize that individual’s personality matching with the job, ‎brings the strongest relation with the enhancement of whole organizational ‎efficiency and effectiveness, which, in turn, means optimizing in the use of ‎the whole resources in the organization.‎ This research has been identified a backdrop of 82 factors as connected ‎with efficiency, “Personality Fitness with the Job” among them being chosen ‎for expounding.‎ Examining this factor, it was resolved that out of the 16 types, introduced ‎by Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs, types ESTP, ISTJ, and ISTP ‎ are the ‎best one with regards to the operational personnel and should be taken into ‎consideration in the course of selections and recruitment

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In present work, heat transfer and flow pattern map of dimpled and horizontal tubes were studied during phases of boiling and condensation of mandatory convection of hydrocarbon R600-a. Empirical relationship will be expressed based on empirical data obtained by such experiments and fit the experimental results and Matlab software to show flow pattern map for such refrigerant with proper accuracy. The cycle consists of a pump, two preheaters, two testing parts, two condensers, flow meter and reversing valve. In this study, experimental evaporator is a copper tube with internal diameter of 8.7 mm and length of 1200 mm. the heat required for fluid evaporation is supplied by thermal element twisted around it. Such tube has been designed in forms of dimpled and straight models to evaluate effect of placement of dimples inside tubes. The test was conducted by refrigerant mass flow between 155 and 470 kg/m^2 s and vapor quality between 0.05 and 0.78. Moreover, flow patterns and their transitions for refrigerant R-600a during flow boiling inside a helically dimpled tube and a smooth tube were visually observed and analyzed. Annular, intermittent, and stratified-wavy flow were recognized for plain tube whereas there was no stratified-wavy flow in flow pattern visualization of dimpled tube. Investigation clearly shows that the dimples in evaporation significantly impact the two phase flow pattern. Inside the helically dimpled tube the intermittent/annular transitions occurs at lower vapor quality value than for the smooth tube.

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The influence of music on the human soul has led poets and writers to use this important element to express different meanings and terms. One of the poets who has mastered the conceptual, emotional, and aesthetic aspects of his poetry through the use of musical terms is Qaani  a poet of the Literature Return Era; He has had ample information about the  ancient music and has used the words and idioms of this music even  the least used terms in his poetry. He has also been  influenced by the music culture of his time and named new instruments such as tar and santour. All of these have paved the way for creating the musical equivocation fitness. This paper is an attempt to clarify Qa'ani's attention toward musical equivocation and the musical terms and idioms used by him.
 

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Life history of insect herbivores is unclear after feeding on mutant lines of many crops. To shed light, demographic parameters of Plutella xylostella on three canola cultivars (“Zar”, “RGS”, “Talaye”) and their physical mutation-derived lines (“Zar 9-9”, “RGS 8-1”, “RGS 10-2”, “RGS 8-13” and “Talaye 8-3”) were determined under greenhouse condition. Methods of life table including the female age specific life table and the age-stage, two-sex life table were applied. According to two-sex life table, there was no significant difference between demographic parameters of P. xylostella on “Talaye” and “Zar” in comparison with their mutant lines, but significant differences were observed between these parameters on mutant lines of “RGS”. Having suitable cultural traits, “RGS 8-1” was more susceptible than the other two mutant lines and its control cultivar “RGS” in terms of population growth of the pest. According to the two-sex life table, the net reproductive rate (R₀), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were the highest on RGS 8-1 (98.63 offspring per individual, 0.208 and 1.231 day^-1, respectively). Also, population projection showed the rapid growth of the pest on the latter line. There was a little difference between the same population parameters estimated by two methods of life table. Investigating some consequences of plant breeding using radiation techniques on insect fitness not only leads plant breeders to do more unfailing selections but also provides some enlightenment in pest management programs effectively when plantation of such crops is prioritized.

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of influencer marketing on Instagram in the fitness industry on consumers’ trust. The research method was descriptive and its statistical population consisted of all Iranian Instagram users, from which a sample of 100 people were selected by available sampling method and was evaluated using effective marketing questionnaires and overall consumer confidence. Research data were analyzed using a Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling using SPSS-22 and Smart PLS software. The results of the present study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived correctness, perceived benevolence, and perceived knowledge with consumer trust. The results of the structural equation model showed that the research model has a perfect fit and influential people in the fitness industry have an impact on consumer confidence.