Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the commercial-economic situation of Senegal. In this research, three groups of indicators of the economic environment, the real sector of the economy and the performance of the foreign sector have been examined for this evaluation. The data of the above research has been collected through the website of the World Bank, Trading Economics Institute, Global Economy Institute and Take Profit Trader Institute during the period of 2015-2023. Among the sub-indexes of the economic freedom index, the index of freedom from corruption in Senegal is the leading one, so that the figure of this index shows the high level of corruption in this country, and this issue will definitely cause trust between economic agents and increase the level of attracting foreign investment. became. The share of the industry sector in the GDP during 2012-2022 is 20%, the share of factory production (which is a part of industrial production) is 15%, the share of the agricultural sector is 24% and the share of the service sector is 42% on average, which is It shows the dominant role of the service sector in the economic structure of Senegal. The biggest trade partners of Senegal's economy are Asia and the largest group of imported goods are food and fuels and the largest group of exported goods are metals and minerals, which well shows the potential of this country in these several areas Also, the results of this survey will indicate a negative trend in the trade balance in the coming years in Senegal's economy.
A. Boustan, A. Nejati Javaremi, M. Moradi Shahrbabak,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (7-2014)
Abstract
In recent years, sexed semen has been commercially available. Due to its lower fertility and higher price compared to conventional semen, economic evaluation should be undertaken before recommending the technology to dairy producers in each country. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the sexed semen usage at farm level in economic conditions of Iran based on total net present value (TNPV) and to estimate the impact of sexed semen on the rate of genetic improvement in dairy cattle population with and without using genomic information. Three relative conception rates (RCR) of sexed semen compared to the conventional semen were assumed i.e. 0.80, 0.75, and 0.70. Visual basic 6 and Excel software were used for calculations. The results showed that greater numbers of sexed semen services in heifers resulted in higher TNPV for all assumed RCRs, but for cows in parities 1 and 2, use of two sexed semen services for RCR, 0.80 and 0.75 resulted in the highest TNPV; while, for RCR= 0.70, the results indicated that using sexed semen was not economical. By using traditional evaluation, genomic evaluation with 3k chip, and genomic evaluation with 50k chip, the additional genetic gains in 305-day milk yield were, respectively, approximately 25, 34, and 38% higher than the current annual genetic progress for this trait in Iran (that is, about 53 kg per year).
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
The design and optimization of multiple production systems, including systems that simultaneously generate heat, power and freshwater, play an important role in improving the performance of these systems. In this study, after modeling a multi-effect evaporative desalination system MED and simultaneous heat and power generation CHP, they are combined to meet the demand for heating, power and fresh water for a hotel. The purpose of this study is the thermoeconomic evaluation of the use of thermal energy storage TES tank in the combined system CHP + MED compared to the non-use of this tank. The strategy is applied every 24 hours of the two seasons. In optimizing this system, the annual cost minimization has been done as a objective function and using genetic algorithm. Optimal technical results in these systems show that the system CHP + MED + TES requires a gas turbine with a nominal capacity of 12% larger and a backup boiler with a nominal capacity of 7.14% smaller than the system CHP + MED. The optimal results of the economic comparison show that by using the thermal energy storage tank in the combined system CHP + MED, the annual cost is improved by 4.91%.
