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  This study shows the integration of e-commerce and advanced algorithm-based learning to establish a sustainable economic system and foster cultural education. The research also investigates the impact of rural aging on the utilization of several different land types, including arable land, forest land, and transportation land. The incorporation of e-commerce platforms offers advantages such as resource consumption reduction and efficient supply chain management, enabling broader market access and sustainable production and consumption. However, challenges related to data privacy, algorithm bias, and the digital divide need to be addressed for inclusive access. An artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to analyze the impact of resource consumption and cultural exploration on market access, ethical practices, and data privacy. The ANN predictions showed that cultural exploration is most prominent with restricted market access, while data privacy is inversely related to ethical practices and market access. Regardless of consumption levels, resource consumption leads to increased data privacy. The study also found that rural aging has a significant negative impact on urban, industrial, and transportation land, but no significant impact on arable, forest, and garden land. The impact varies between towns and townships, with rural aging reducing urban and industrial land in towns but promoting the expansion of forest and grassland in townships. The results show the promising avenues for sustainable economic development and cultural education through the integration of e-commerce and advanced algorithm-based learning, while emphasizing the need to address key challenges and the implications of rural aging on land use for sustainable development.

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Over the recent years, rapid development of Information Technology (IT) and Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) has dramatically affected world trade and the way business is conducted. Also the benefits of using e-commerce and other internet-based technologies have been well recognized through extensive surveys pointing the dominant role of IT in different industries. However, implementation of any new technology such as e-commerce in business relationships and applying ICT tools require vital infrastructures and urges major changes within companies to adopt the new technology. Therefore, to ensure a productive and beneficial implementation of internet-based technologies, in the first step, one needs to investigate infrastructures and measure electronic readiness (e-readiness) of organizations in this regard. To address such a need, this paper describes a procedure to assess e-readiness of SMEs in technology-affected environments by applying VERDICT as an e-readiness assessment model. This study as an initial application of VERDICT within automotive industry, investigates e-readiness level of downstream within the biggest vehicle manufacturer of Iran i.e., Iran Khodro Industrial Group, and has also some contributions in the applied model based on empirical findings which were achieved through an extensive survey by distributing revised questionnaires of VERDICT and following a quantitative approach. Furthermore, an efficient route of benchmarking provides scientific comparison between e-readiness level of the case studied in this paper and that of other companies selected from another market in UK. Ultimately, the achievements of this research would result in some implications for both theoretical and managerial peopel where an outline would be provided for organizations across different industries to facilitate electronic commerce applications efficiently by investigating and improving their essential infrastructures through assessing their overall level of electronic readiness.

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Electronic government initiatives are pervasive and have been adapted in different levels of maturity and complexity by almost all countries around the world. Given this fact, this paper was designed to review the wide variety of visions, strategic agendas, and contexts of application. Then a systematic conceptualization of e-government as an ideal point was proposed at the first step. Gauging the gap between the existing position and ideal point of e-government in Tehran was performed in the next step. The findings indicated that there is a high gap between the existing position and the ideal point of e-government in Tehran. Consequently, the existing position of e-government in Tehran has not necessary capabilities in settling a tailored affair in an urban commerce system. Thus an adaptive approach was used for highlighting the role of an integrated e-government to solve this problem.

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In B2C models of e-commerce, customer trust is considered as one of the key factors of successfulness, and many scholars believe that the success factor in e-commerce is establishment and implementation of a safe and reliable purchasing process for the customers. The aim of this research was to study the effective factors on customer trust in e-commerce. To do so, the research hypotheses were developed to examine individual, company and infrastructural variables. Statistical population of this research was the customers, who had the experience of e - purchasing from the e-stores of “Iranian virtual community”. As the results of data analysis showed, the cooperative and infrastructural variables had positive influence on customer trust but individual variables had no positive influence on customer trust.

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E-business Governance is the decision-making framework within which decisions about relationship, accountability, compliance, direction, and control in e-business activities are made. This structure make the e-commerce organization manage itself more effectively and prevent failure that take place by having not adequate attention to governing elements, risk of e-business, dynamic of standards, and rules. In this research by using literature review and interviews with experts, a questionnaire was designed and by analyzing the gathered data through surveys, the   e-business key success factors such as e-business enablers, corporate and IT governance, the best practices, management and strategy were extracted. Then these key factors were presented as the e-business governance models. The results of statistical analysis confirm that the model might be helpful in handling the process of e-business in Iran.
 

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Personal data, as one of the key concepts in the field of personal data protection legislation, is defined in the General Data Protection Regulation as any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. Identifying a person directly or indirectly may be through data content or the purpose of data processing or the effect of data processing on the person. In EU law, to determine whether a natural person can be identified through data processing, all means that are reasonably likely to be used by the controller or processor must be taken into account, and to ensure whether there is a reasonable possibility to determine whether a natural person is present or not, all objective factors must be considered, such as the cost and time required for identification and the technology available at the time of processing. Based on the criterion of identifiability, data that may potentially lead to the identification of a person in the future is also covered by the law; such a standard can create the necessary dynamics in the laws. Iran's legislator has differentiated in the protection of private and non-private data and has limited compliance with processing rules to the first category, but the approach of the draft data protection bill has similarities with European Union and has provided broader protection, however, it needs to be amended by adding the criterion of identification to the legal definition, as well as the protection of the data of the deceased.
 

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Although the development of the use of information technology in commercial transactions especially in international type, is economically favorable, but it has not been widely accepted by stakeholders. This is also true regarding the electronic substitutes for possessable trade documents, such as bills of lading and insurance policies. One reason for such a phenomenon is that, these substitutes, legally do not have the special functions of their paper counterparts; due to the lack of specific requirements regarding their formation and the non-regulation of the relationship between "possession" and "electronic trade documents". Therefore, it is essential to eliminate such an obstacle. Consequently, this article, with a different method from other researches that have only examined the legal aspects of a certain type of electronic trade documents and also with an analytical and comparative approach, examines the existing legal solutions to equate functions of electronic substitutes with paper documents and the requirements that are necessary to implement each of these solutions. The result of such an analysis is that there are two main solutions in this regard: First, determining the requirements for the formation of electronic trade documents and equating the "control" of electronic trade documents with the "possession" of paper trade documents. Second, Identifying the electronic substitutes as possessable objects, provided that certain preconditions have been met. Finally, Due to the lack of appropriate regulations in Iran's legal system and based on the findings of this article; a suitable regulatory framework has been proposed.