Iman Ranjbar, Seyed Nematolla Mousavi, Bahaeddin Najafi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (1-2024)
Abstract
Traditional farming faces significant challenges to sustainable development due to climate change, water scarcity, and environmental, social, and economic threats. Adopting complementary activities like agritourism can help address these challenges and promote sustainable village development. This study examines farmers' behavioral intentions and willingness to participate in agritourism as a supplementary activity. Data were collected through questionnaires using stratified random sampling with proportional assignment from farmers in five agriculturally diverse villages in Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. The data were analyzed using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which explained 78.8% of farmers' behavioral intentions and 61.8% of their actual behavior. The results show that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control—traditional TPB constructs—significantly influence farmers' intentions to adopt agritourism. Additionally, self-identity, social capital, environmental values, and the perception of farmer’s risks enhance the predictive power of farmers' behavioral intentions. However, perceived behavioral control did not significantly impact farmers' actual behavior, while their intentions had the strongest positive influence on agritourism adoption. These findings suggest that promoting farmers' attitudes, beliefs, and self-confidence through training and information campaigns can increase their engagement in agritourism. Policymakers should implement cultural programs, incentives, and social networks to enhance agritourism's occupational value and encourage collaboration within the agricultural sector. Furthermore, measures should ensure agritourism aligns with environmental goals and educate farmers about the risks of traditional farming practices. Such efforts can foster sustainable development and strengthen the role of agritourism as a complementary activity to traditional farming.
S. M. Franca, J. V. Oliveira, C. A. Badji, C. A. Guedes, B. L. R. Duarte, C. M. Oliveira, M. O. Breda,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
The mating disruption technique has been widely used for the control of several lepidopteran pests. In the present study, we assessed the efficiency of two formulations of SPLAT Neo, a wax emulsion containing E-11-hexadecenol, with and without the insecticide cypermethrin, in affecting mating disruption of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée). We also determined the best phenological age or stage of the crop for the application of the pheromone formulation, based on its effectiveness in reducing injuries on tomato fruits. We performed two field trials. The first field trial had three treatments: (1) Areas treated once (30 days after transplanting seedlings) with SPLAT Neo (mating disruption, formulation without cypermethrin); (2) Areas treated once with SPLAT Cida Neo (attract and kill, formulation with cypermethrin), and (3) Control plots, i.e. areas treated with the growers’ pest management procedures, based on pre-scheduled calendar applications of conventional insecticides. The use of SPLAT Neo with and without cypermethrin resulted in a significant season-long reduction of the average number of N. elegantalis eggs throughout the tomato cycle, compared to the control. Areas that received two SPLAT Neo applications had a lower number of males captured by monitoring pheromone traps, a lower number of eggs laid in the field, and significantly lower levels of fruit injury at pre, first, and second tomato harvests. The crop subjected to a single SPLAT Neo application, however, experienced reduction in fruit injury only at the second harvest. Our data suggest that two SPLAT Neo applications promote efficient control of N. elegantalis, resulting in significant reduction of fruit damage in tomato.
