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In the current research, based on the descriptive-analytical method, the phonological and morphological changes of Persian loanwords in the process of localization, as well as the influence and impact of the Persian language on the Ottoman Turkish language, have been studied. For this purpose, by referring to all the dictionaries, the dictionary of definitions and allusions, thematic dictionaries and encyclopedias that were written during the period of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia, the data required for this research, which were about 6000 Persian loanwords, were collected and examined. In this research, using Excel software and with the help of computer, the percentage and frequency of occurrence of common processes in the field of phonology and morphology have been determined. The results of the research show that among phonetic and phonological processes including vowel harmony, phonetic over differentiation, assimilation, metathesis, insertion, omitition, lenition, and weakening; Vowel harmony, which is one of the prominent features of Turkish as an agglutinating language, has the highest frequency. In the morphological field where the processes of composition and derivation were examined, derivation has the most frequency. Despite the different typological characteristics of the Persian and Turkish languages, the relationship between these two languages ​​has been extensive and its consequences have been remarkably one-sided, the consequence of which is the existence of many Persian words in the Ottoman Turkish language.
 

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Allegorical stories indicate the originality and antiquity of the literature of each nation.One of these stories is the report of "the recommendation of father to the solidarity of children with the allegory of their bodily strength in breaking the connected woods”.The aim of this project is to show the verse and prose clues of this story in arabic and persian literature and after the retelling and comparison of each sources, the plot of the story is described and identified in each narratives with a structural view to find out to what extent the narratives were faithful to the first quotations of the story.
 The description and analyses are other similar and different aspects of these narratives have been also done in detail.
The most important result of this study which was conducted based on comparison- comparative method explained that the message of all narratives are similar and is "invitation to solidarity and the phrase invitation to silidarity and integration and the avoidance of division". However, the plot of the story is not the same in persian and arabic sources. Furthermore, the oldest source of this story in arabic literature is a book called "Vasaya Almolouk" and in persian literature "Rahatolsodor".

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Tourism industry is one the most successful industries of the world in in perspective of gaining income. Gaining of plenteous currency incomes, extension of cultural scientific relations, creating occupations directly and indirectly and representation of country›s security and stability are considered among consequences and achievements of its extension in every country. In today competitive world, various countries, with introducing their touristic graces try to improve their economic status. One of various kinds of tourism which is recently introduced is Geotourism. This word is an intercourse term composed from two words geo with the meaning of earth and tourism. Geotourism is a particular form of tourism industry in which geological tourism is the focus of attention. Experts collectively agree on this matter that Geotourism creates a great potential for many regions which don’t have touristic prosperity. Geotourism industry was formally born in the world in 1955. About 150 to 200 years ago in England, Adam Sedvic for the first time provided geology tours for those who were interested. Lifetime of Woodvardin University museum returns to 1728, this is the first public museum dedicated to applied geology in geology organization which is outfitted with tools of geology interpretation since that date. In midst 1990s Geotourism was increasingly discussed and studied among tourism industry, politicians, advocates of environment protection, geographers, geologists and similar scientific assemblies. Leaders of Geotourism in the world were those who had intercourse studies and activities. For example, Dr. Thomas E. House well known with English name House was the first one in the world who after Adam Sedvic provided an academic definition for Geotourism in 1995 and in this definition has introduced Geotourism something above aesthetical attitude to geological phenomena. Another world leader is professor Russ Kingston Dowling who has many books in various grounds of tourism, ecotourism and finally Geotourism and this is while purely geological attitude to Geotourism in most cases is confined to geo diversity studies and takes the scholar away from contents of geological interpretations and intercourse and multicourse studies of tourism. In 2006, Russ Kingston Dowling and David Newsum in (universal) Geotourism book by extensive drafting of attention to geological tourism, provided a logical answer to Jonathan Tortolut 3 from national geography magazine of America (2012) who simply believes that visiting of all historical –cultural – natural heritages (so that helps stable development and local societies) is Geotourism. In Iran, many students and scholars have worked for introducing Geotourism. One year after Mohammadhasan Nabavi suggestion in 1378 in eighteenth seminar of geology regarding identification of beauties of country›s earth, the work of identifying beauties and geology diversity of the country began. After that in 2006, Alireza Amri Kazemi and Abbas Mehrpouya entered a list of Iran geological diversity to fifth chapter of Geotourism book written by Ross Dowling and David Newsum. Many specialized studies have been performed about surveying of mineral and thermal springs in Iran but lees work is done on touristic aspects of theses springs. Therefore, providing a method for evaluation of touristic value of thermal springs as an important Geotourism in our country is a task which is not surveyed. In this study, a method for evaluation of Geotourism value is offered based on modified Pralong method. For reaching to the score of spring tourism beauty, scientific, cultural, efficiency and economical scales have been investigated in the format of Pralong model. Since Pralong model only notes scales and subscales of tourism score, it has been modified using experts› views. This method addresses evaluation of tourism scaleand place efficiency scale. Its tourism scale can be analyzed and assessed from four aspects: outward beauty, scientific, cultural – historical and social – economical. Tourism scale of a place is obtained from average of these four scale and weight of any of aspects of tourism scale is not more or less than others. Place outward beauty scale addresses its visual and spectacular aspects. Scientific scale is assessed based on criterions like scarcity and didactic position. In evaluation of cultural scale artistic aspects and cultural conventions of the place are emphasized and finally, economic value of each place depends on its exploitable characteristics and Entrepreneurship in the ground of tourism and recreation. In Pralong method, scales and subscales have equal weight in relation to each other, while in multi scale decision making methods usually weight of scales and subscales are different. Especially in the debate of Iran Geotourism equating of these scales won›t entail correct results. Since weight determination was a difficult task, people were asked to categorize scales in precedence order and then regarding to precedence, scales and subscales were weighed. For weighing the following formula was used. In this formula, Wi is i th scale weight and Ri precedence of scale i and n is the number of scales. With several rounds of field study and attendance in the region and obtained raw data, scores of scales were calculated according to tables 4 to 9 with two methods of Pralong and modified Pralong. These numbers show the tourism scale of region as 0.379 in Pralong method and 0.441 in modified Pralong. These numbers are indicative of a favorable status in understudy region in respect of creating touristic recreational facilities for developing a geotouristic system. Of course, %16 growth of modified Pralong score shows more attention to this region regarding to Iranian reporters point of view toward Mr. Pralong view, so that even in its neighborhood another system for creating a geo park is notable (figure 6). But despite the regions potential capabilities, the level and quality of efficiency was evaluated low. Of course regarding to weights of modified Pralong method, this level with %37 growth is in high intermediate category which shows lower efficiency expectancy level of Iranian society than Mr. Pralong method. Then, still some tasks should be done for increasing efficiency quality of this spring and despite implementation of the design of country›s water therapy development and provision of universal design of Joshan hot water by Oghaf organization, effective measurements have not yet been performed for right exploitation of the region. Joshan hot water spring due to closeness to center of province, possessing therapeutic attribute, existence of novel geomorphological and geological perspectives and appropriate weather condition in case of observation of stable tourism principle, decentralization and budget assignment, development of infrastructural, sanitarian, residential and recreational facilities and exertion of service and facility standards can turn to one of the greatest hydrotherapy centers in southeast of the country. One of advantages of the method offered in this study is the calculation of development effect of each of mentioned facilities in increasing the level of tourism score of this Geotourism. Even with evaluation of this method, we can have a comparison between various places in relation with each other for other Geotourism regions of the province.

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Love in and traditionally wellness of soul mate in all around the world is pleasurable. It seems that soul mate of all poems and lovers is common in one feature: i.e. beauty ; the various characters of beauty will be different from land to land and from eyes to eyes ; Iranian and Arabic culture , with common origins, in many of literatures such as soul mate description, have great similarities. As far as meeting with love and beauty of soul mate looks and individual and personal object; the issue of effectiveness and impact between Iranian and Arabic culture are drawn. This effectiveness will be more clear by comparing two poems , especially the wars such as Noz’hat al-Majales by Jamal Khalil Shirvani on farsi in 7th century and Loving and beloved and the Musk and Brew by seri al-refah , in 4th century.
this work surveyed common themes in aesthetics and imagery of soul mate hair in Arabic and Farsi poem, by descriptive – analytical approach and comparative studies.
It is clear the in this assessment, our final achievement is not only comparing the work’s content and the minutes related to any bit , but also is expected pursuit of quality and expression and reflection of one of soul mate lover in both Arabic and Farsi poem. In fact, we have tried to ensure that how Iranian poet and writer deal with Arabic themes and works and how had concept, select, and seizure themes and imagery of hair.

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The genus Taeniothrips Amyot & Serville is belonging in the subfamily Thripinae with only one species in Iran. Here, the second species, T. eucharii (Whetzel) is newly recorded from the country. Male and female specimens of this species have been collected on the flowers of Ixiolirion tataricum (Amaryllidaceae) from Ilam province (west of Iran).

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Previous investigations related to tree-fungus beetle, Xylographus bostrichoides (Dufour) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae) have not studied beetle's morphology in detail.  This beetle is associated with tree fungi and collected from Fomes sp (Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae). Pregenital ring, and the almond-shaped plates of abdominal terminalia, are useful characters for the species identification. Also, frontoclypeal area, first abdominal sternite, and abdominal terminalia are the important characters for the female and male separation. The larvae and adult specimens of X. bostrichoides (Dufour, 1843) studied here were found feeding on the dried fruit body (basidiome) of Fomes sp., which had been stored for a long time as a mushroom stored product. The signs and symptoms of the beetle damage (feeding) on the mushroom are also described.

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Customer statisfaction has received considerable attention in the marketing litrature and practice in the recent years. It affects several desirable outcomes like customer loyalty, word of mouth, promotion and purchase. Since such an increasing attention is given to customer satisfaction as a corporate goal in addition to traditional financial measures of success, customer satisfaction must be translated into a number of measurable parameters directly linked to people,s job, i.e. the factors that people can understand and influence. This paper presents a customer statisfaction survey in commercial banks. A customer,s path to statisfaction model would display justice, perceived organizational support, similarity, liking, prior experiences, feedback and statisfaction as highly related.

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Bone fracture occurs as a result of accident, old age and disease. Generally bone fracture treatment consists of stabilizing the fractured bone in the right position. In complex fractures, stabilizing internal and external tools and equipment is used to stabilize the fractured bone in position. Bone drilling is required in order to connect fixating devices. The forces required for chip formation, increase the temperature during bone drilling. The phenomenon of thermal necrosis of the bone occurs if the temperature exceeds 47 degrees Celsius. Thermal necrosis inhibit bone fixation and causes the wrong bone healing. The current study has been trying to examine the effect of the cooling gas on the reduction of temperature rise on drilling site as well as statistical analysis of the process. Tests have been carried out using direct injection of nitrogen gas using internal coolant drill bits. Using cooling gas reduced the increase in drilling temperature to 15 degrees Celsius and prevented the thermal necrosis. The maximum increase in temperature in conventional drilling was 56 degrees Celsius, while using cooling gas the increase in temperature of 43 degrees Celsius was achieved. This reduces the risk of thermal necrosis. Statistical analysis also indicates that in the drilling with direct cooling with nitrogen gas the temperature changes are almost independent of the rotational speed.

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High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GS) compositions of 122 genotypes from bread wheat crossing block were investigated in terms of some quality traits such as grain Protein Content (PC), Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), the Particle Size Index (PSI), and Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW), by using SDS-PAGE. In total, 12 different HMW-GS combinations were determined. Considerable diversity in terms of three Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci were identified. In Glu-A1 locus, 1/2*, 1 and 2* alleles were found with the frequency of 2.5, 12.3 and 85.5%, respectively. Whereas, in Glu-B1, out of 7 reported alleles, 7+8 (20.5%) and 17+18 (17.2%) were detected. Existence of 2 alleles at the locus Glu-D1 was revealed; in fact, 54.1% of them demonstrated the subunits 5+10 correlated with good bread making properties. The Glu-1 score of genotypes ranged from 6 to 10. Among the genotypes, only 23 (18.9%) had 10 Glu-1 quality score value. In the evaluation using the Genotype-Traits (GT) Biplotgraph, PC and PSI were involved in section I while SDS sedimentation value and Glu-1 score were involved in section II. On the other hand, section III included the only TKWwhich was negatively associated with other traits. The desired genotypes can be used for the crossing programs to improve technological quality of bread wheat.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of drying methods on the amount of some effective compounds in fruit Ecballium elaterium M. Bieb extract based on a completely randomized statistical design with 15 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included different drying methods (1- Shade drying at room temperature (25±3°C) with suitable ventilation, 2- Sun drying, 3- Oven drying at 35°C, 4- Oven drying at 45°C, 5- Oven drying at 55°C, 6- Vacuum oven drying at 35°C, 7- Vacuum oven drying at 45°C, 8- Vacuum oven drying at 55°C, 9- Infrared drying at 0.2w, 10- Infrared drying at 0.3w, 11- Infrared drying at 0.4w, 12- Microwave drying at 200w, 13- Microwave drying at 500w, 14- Microwave drying at 800w) which were compared with the fresh fruit of the plant (as a control). The studied traits were total phenols content, total flavonoids content, radical scavenging activity assay, soluble tannin, total amino acids, total soluble protein, total alkaloids, and total cucurbitacin. The results showed that different drying methods had a significant effect on soluble tannin and cucurbitacin content (P≤0.05) and also on other traits (P≤0.01). The highest amount of total phenol and flavonoids was related to fresh plants and then vacuum oven drying at 45 °C, and the highest amount of antioxidant activity and soluble tannin was found in fresh plants and then the vacuum oven drying at 55°C. The highest amount of amino acids was related to fresh plant and then 200 watt microwave treatment and the highest amount of total protein, alkaloids and cucurbitacin was related to fresh plant and then shade treatment.

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The post-harvest techniques of medicinal plants such as drying, is very important in their production cycle. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical traits of Chuchak in the spring of 2020 based on the completely randomized design with three replications. The chuchak samples were collected in the vegetative stage from the gardens of Noor city, Iran. The drying treatments were shade-drying at room temperature (25±3 °C), sun-drying, oven-drying (45, 55 and 65 °C), vacuum oven-drying (45, 55 and 65 °C), microwave-drying (200, 500 and 800 watts), and fresh samples. The studied traits were moisture content based on fresh and dry weight, drying time and speed, ascorbic acid content, protein content, total carbohydrate content, total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The results of the variance analysis showed the significant effect of drying methods on all studied properties of the samples (P≤0.01). The mean comparison showed that the minimum drying time and the maximum speed drying were related to the microwave (800 watts). The highest amount of ascorbic acid (385.72 µg/mg), protein (19.72%), total phenol (47.19 mg GA per 1 g dry matter), total flavonoids (50.96 mg quercetin per 1 g dry matter) as well as antioxidant activity (76.02%) was observed in the fresh plant and then in the oven-drying (55 °C).

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In order to evaluate the effect of Artemisia sieberi extract from different habitats on the shelf life of Iranian white cheese, this research was conducted in 2022 in the research laboratory of Qom University, Iran. A factorial experiment was conducted based the completely randomized design, and cheese in terms of chemical and microbial characteristics in the conditions of no extract (control) and the use of extract containing 1% of the weight of the fresh material ofA. sieberi from three habitats of Venan, Tajkhatun and Abbas. Abad was checked on the 1^st, 15^th and 30^th. The results showed that the population of cheese microorganisms increased with the increase of the storage period, and the extract of Venan better controlled the population of microorganisms than other extracts. The amount of pH and protein in the dry matter decreased with the increase of the storage period, and the amount of moisture, salt, fat, dry matter, phenol and antioxidant activity increased. Venan extract increased the quality and shelf life of cheese more than other extracts, which may be due to the higher amount of total phenol in Venan extract compared to other extracts. In general, the extract of Artemisia sieberi significantly increased the shelf life and quality of cheese, and with further studies, the extract of this valuable plant can be used to increase the shelf life and quality of food products, especially dairy products.
 

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Introduction
Organic products play an important role in the health of the people as well as in improving the livelihood of rural households. An example of this can be seen around Hamoon Lake in the Sistan region. Located in desert areas of Iran, this region, apart from drying lake water, has been witnessing serious crisis with major impact on agricultural and livelihood of the people. However, the locals, based on their limited knowledge, have been able to turn this dilemma into opportunity and have the best use of the lake's waterless land. Each year, a large area there is devoted to the organic production of melon, which is unique not only in Iran but perhaps in the world. However, these rural farmers seem to be confronting with limitation on the sale and marketing of their products. Accordingly, it is necessary to carry out an investigation into the identification of marketing restrictions for the organic product of the lake.
 
Materials and Methods
The present study applies a descriptive-survey method to reach its target. Apart from library and documentary studies, a field research and surveys (through questionnaire and interviews) were done to collect the data. The statistical population consists of 12 villages with agricultural activities around Lake Hamoon. To analyze, one-sample T-test was done with SPSS software, Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis (FAHP), Gray Grade Analytical Method (GRA). The FAHP SOLVER 2014 software was used to perform paired comparisons, hierarchy, and weights calculation in the fuzzy hierarchy process.
 
Results and Discussion
In Sistan, farmers have long been relying on their local knowledge for organic cultivation around Lake Hamoon. In this type of cultivation, they not only avoid using toxic materials, fertilizer, and even irrigation, but production costs are very low as well. In the process, the farmers dig   cultivating the dry bed of Hamoon (15 -50cm), then sow seeds in the bottom of the pit and feed them with muddy lake. Despite its numerous benefits, there are constraints for marketing and sales of this product. Accordingly, a research on identifying and prioritizing those constraints was essential. A range of indices and components related to the constraints were identified. Some of the marketing limitations of this product were found to be policy, infrastructure and technical. Based on the results of a single sample T test, there were policy barrier with an average (3.35%) as the most important factor followed by the infrastructural barrier (with an average 3.8%). The technical (with an average 2.60%) is considered to be the least important limitation of marketing. Bachelor's Questionnaire showed the similar results. Based on the analytic hierarchy, policy barrier with a coefficient of 0.51%, infrastructural barrier with a coefficient of 0.40%, and technical barrier with a coefficient of 0.9%, ranked first, second and third, respectively.
 
Conclusion
The outcome of the study shows that factors such as the presence of intermediaries and brokers, gap between farm and market prices, lack of government support for organic production, lack of capital for product promotion, lack of storage facilities and product corruption, and failure to identify target livelihoods were the basic constraints on marketing of organic product from Lake Hamoon. It calls for the government and the authorities responsible for rural development and agriculture in the region, to address those constraints in order to expand and help farmers produce more organic melon.
 

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Bertolt Brecht wanted the theater to become a forum for dialogue rather than a platform for delusions, and to develop a new concept of theater creativity known as "Westernization" or "APEC Theater" which aims to stimulate the cash circle in the spectator's mind. This concept is based on the idea of "making what is strange" and this turns it into a poetic act. Brecht intended, from this concept, to extract emotion from theatrical production and to distance the viewer from the characters of the play and the actors' departure from their roles, and then the truth becomes easier to understand. Asghar Farhadi is considered one of the most important Iranian film directors, and he is one of the few who owns a style of their own, and The Salesman  is one of his most important films as we in this article seek to show the way this film took in order to find positive and interactive viewers through two main axes: characters and their conversations as well as direction. Here we can see the way the audience is formed. By extrapolating this film with the opinions of Brecht, and the reasons for the influence of the film "Froshendeh" or Salesman, on the audience, it will be analyzed through the concept of divergence and identification. It seems that Farhadi like Brecht uses the same indirect methods, to reach effective and active viewer and forcing the audience to think. But, of course, Farhadi's style does not contradict the audience's identification with the characters of the film, in addition to creating a special and modern type of divergence in his own way through camera movements, decoration, decoupage, film framing, and narrative. Because in the present era with ordinary subjects and a normal treatment of the story, this does not force the viewer to think.  
 

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Textual cohesion is one of the important elements of pivotal text and is a set of form (shape cohesion) and semantic (Coherence) tools that contributes the interconnection of text and the interrelationship between its components, so shape cohesion is due to the application of elements which makes the apparent relation between the constituent elements of the text. Reference is a form of shape cohesion that contributes in realization of communication and interconnection of the components of a text, but it does not assume that role alone, but understanding the elements in the context depends on the interpretation and explanation of other elements in the same context which they refer to and this communication is realized through referencing links such as out-of-text and in-context reference, which in-text also refer to two types of pre-reference and post-reference. The present article seeks to examine the issue of its reference and application in the interconnection of Sharif Morteza`s  Al-Ghadir ode, a Muslim poet who is also committed to the issues of Islam to reveal how the elements of reference are used and their role in realizing the amount of communication and integrity of the elements of this ode. From the analysis of referential elements in the Sharif Morteza`s Al-Ghadir ode, it appears that a set of elements have joined together in shaping this religious story and its semantic structure and, so the present ode is coherent and intertwined, so the elements and means of reference in this ode are varied, as far as we can see the in-text reference has increased in the poet's ode, and at the same time the poet has used more pre-reference elements than post-reference elements and this application has played a significant role in the interconnection and relevance of the ode verses. The artistic secret of this ode is in the referential elements and poetic imagery that makes the poet's intention close to the mind and helps the reader to accept the poet's ode more and more.
 

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The Sassanid era is one of the brightest periods of art and civilization in Iran. There are major remains of many different types: monumental rock reliefs, silver vessels, stucco architectural decoration, and seals.
Sassanid art and culture could affect on the Islamic arts in Iran, including in the field of urbanism, architecture, textiles, metallurgy, painting, pottery. There are a lot of motifs that are very similar to the Sassanid ones.
 The Sassanid Empire had an enduring legacy in the Islamic period. On the one hand, the continuation of certain artistic techniques, such as silk production, plate, and stucco, may be attributed to the caliph’s practical marshaling of Sassanid artists to the service of the new state. In some cases, motifs on the artwork of the Islamic era do not show only a simple pattern of previous art, but we see full compliance and a copy of the Sassanid motifs. The pottery as well as cultural and artistic works belonging to the Islamic period too show that they were not unaffected by the Sassanid period. Here, an attempt is being made to study the transition of culture and art of the Sassanid era to the Islamic period. The study of the pottery motifs in the Islamic period can specify the amount of influence and the reasons for the transfer of Sassanid art. This research focuses on the designs of Islamic pottery that are much similar to the Sassanid motifs.