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 Our conceptual system is metaphor based. Children also face this cognitive interaction from the beginning of language acquisition. Accordingly, based on their little knowledge of the environment and vocabularies, they benefit from adult`s   metaphorical system.Nowadays children`s knowledge is different from that of Piaget`s time and even after this era. Mass communication, modern toys like X-boxes and tablets all have developed children`s cognitive world. In this field study, sixty 2- to 5- years-old Persian-speaking boys and girls were examined in order to understand the time of comprehension and use of embodied metaphors regarding the variable of age in them.  A self-mode test was prepared on the basis of Persian metaphoric phrases and Bialka-pkul`s study (2003). Method: The research method was descriptive-survey and the population consisted of 2-5-year-old children of kindergartens in zones 1, 4, and 20 of Tehran. Sixty monolingual normal girls and boys made the sample. The research results are zeitgeist of complete understanding and relative understanding of embodiment metaphorical expressions and perception content due to the age variant in addition. The result of this study with the results of the Bialka- Pikul (2003) was in line. There is a difference that Bialka-pkul research, study on children from age of   3 years, three month but current research says children from the age of two years have a relative understanding of embodiment metaphorical expressions, this study denotes that perception content increasing due to the age variant and cognitive interest. Result: Response of children to tests questions shows children speech in three distinct cultural groups. Persian -language children's speech in no.1 urban area of Tehran city whom they interaction with nature and their metaphorical expressions derived from natural and pristine words, while (the four) children use the environment words frequently, while (the twenty) use metaphorical expressions derived from adult speech and common phrases and words of Persian language. Different use of metaphoric phrases by children indicate different confederacy of receiving physical realm and the realm of subjective perception and cognitive in three different under study cultural groups. Such knowledge is not unique and represents a significant number of children's cognitive differences in the three under study areas .Results: 2-2.5-year-olds gained the least points (0.4 out of 4) in metaphor understanding and had the most and the least difficulties in color and sound metaphors, respectively, but the other groups got higher points (1.5, 1.3, 2.2, 2.1, 3, orderly). The boys had better understanding than girls although the difference wasn't significant (P>0.05).


 

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A field experiment was conducted during 2009-2011 at the Aligarh Muslim University Agricultural Research Farm, India, to evaluate the efficacious nature of some oil-seed cakes such as neem cake and castor cake, a botanical Calotropis procera and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Pseudomonas fluorescens singly and in various combinations, on the growth and productivity of Trigonella plant. Growth parameters included fresh and dry weight, pollen fertility (%), pods plant^-1, root-nodule index, nitrate reductase activity, and chlorophyll content. Productivity was calculated in terms of N, P, and K in plant as well as in soil. Although all the parameters were significantly increased in these treatments, single application was comparatively less effective than the combined applications. Among oil-seed cakes, neem cake was found better in promoting plant growth than castor cake, followed by C. procera and PSB. Root-nodulation also showed a considerable increase in combined treatments. Maximum growth and productivity were observed in the combined inoculation of neem cake, castor cake, C. procera and PSB, as compared to other treatments including inorganic fertilizers and untreated one.