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Showing 53 results for Moosavi
Volume 3, Issue 1 (spring 2022)
Abstract
Statement Problem: To achieve sustainable development of urban areas, one of the key aspects is the possibility of monitoring the quality of life in all its dimensions, namely social, economic and environmental dimensions, which requires the implementation of tools that can identify the main dimensions of human satisfaction.
Aim: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the well-being and quality of life of people in the city of Tabriz based on the basic components with reference to the theory of "age" capabilities.
Methods: Descriptive analysis was performed using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the population of Tabriz, whose sample size was 382 based on the Cochran's formula. For data analysis, structural equations were used by exploratory method and second-order factor analysis using Amos and Spss software.
Results: The results showed that the main determinants of mental well-being in the field of personal perceptions, economic conditions, security, environmental quality and educational opportunities. Welfare conditions in regions 7, 9 and 6 are very low, while in contrast, 2, 1 and 5 showed the highest levels of welfare among the regions of Tabriz. By focusing on area 7, it can be seen. This area shows the lowest values for the three main dimensions of the four main dimensions of welfare, which seems to be significant.
Conclusion: As a result, in order for the city residents to reach the desired level of welfare and quality of life, double attention should be paid.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Aim: Regular physical activity has several physical, psychological and social benefits. However, it is a global health problem, especially among ICU nurses. Therefore, in order to improve nurses’ physical activity, it is required to determine the effective correlated factors. The aim of this study was to delineate predictive factors on the physical activity of ICU nurses based on a trans-theoretical model (TTM) using path analysis.
Method: Accordingly, in this cross-sectional study, 82 nurses from eight intensive care units of six hospitals in Guilan University of Medical Sciences completed the translated version of Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and another questionnaire, which included a range of constructs from the TTM. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and path analysis.
Findings: It was revealed that self-efficacy (β=0.24) and Pros (β=0.18) had a direct effect on the participants’ physical activities. It is important to state that self-efficacy was effective on the participants, behavioral physical activity both directly and indirectly. Totally, self-efficacy with the path coefficient of 0.62 was considered as the strongest predictive factor of physical activity among the ICU nurses.
Conclusion: To enclose, the determined effective factors in improving the ICU nurses’ physical activity were expected to be of more concern, especially self-efficacy as the strongest one.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Epistemic Skepticism is one of the most controversial issues in epistemology. To block it, some find the failure of closure helpful. Dretske puts forward a recursive analysis of Knowledge. In his view, the analysis makes the closure principle fail which in turn helps to undermine the paradigmatic arguments for epistemic Skepticism. However, some including contextualists, dogmatists, or neo-mooreans, on the other hand, maintain the closure and yet undermine skepticism. In the present paper, I am not going to explore various approaches to preserving closure, criticize Dretske’s analysis as a knowledge nor will I study the setbacks of closure failure. I intend to show that, contrary to the current understanding of Dretske’s analysis, the mentioned analysis does not necessarily lead up to closure failure: There is a specific reading of the recursive base such that not only does it preserve the closure principle but also it offers a way to defeat the classic arguments for Skepticism. To better examine my suggestion compared to Dreske’s and see their exact differences, I will first study Dretske’s analysis of knowledge. Then, I will show that my suggestion respects the closure principle yet undermines skepticism.
Volume 3, Issue 12 (winter 2010)
Abstract
“The girl of Narenj and toranj” is one of the most famous Persian tales about which there are many different narratives. It has been registered by universal code no. 408. It includes some mythical motifs. The motif of the girl’s death and her revival who lives inside fruits, is reminiscent of Plant God. The role of horse, girl’s long hair and her relationship with water, are some other evidences which prove this association. On the other hand, the prevalence of narratives in which the girl comes out of sour orange, citron and pomegranate shows that these fruits were related to myths and they had a kind of importance or special place for the public in the past. In fact, they were used as symbols in some customs like proposal and marriage ceremonies. Sour orange and citron were the symbols of happiness and fertility. Also, pomegranate was the symbol of fertility and blessing. Moreover, it was associated with love and its myths
Volume 4, Issue 1 (10-2012)
Abstract
Studying the perception of time in everyday life of Iranian actors is the purpose of this article. Sociological studying makes the basis of our analysis of time. Thus, we believe that the perception of time and the way the actors face it in their everyday life are formed socially and take different patterns in social interactions. The main purpose of this paper is to present a sociological analysis about one of the everyday life realities, “the perception of time” or more precisely “the awareness” that exists around the time in everyday life and conducts their actions.The grounded theory was used for this research and the research samples were chosen from among urban and rural men and women. The research findingd indicated the “fluidity of time perception” and that the perception of time like other knowledge categories has horizon or background by which individuals confirm it.The findings confirm that benefiting of such fields as urban or rural, or living in society with special stage of development makes special kind of awareness about time acceptable for individuals who expose to it.The gender creates different cognition over time and leads men and women to have more coexistence with specific dimentions of time. Also the actors see such variations different with respect to the specific way of living, life cycle social roles and social disorders. Under these conditions, they choose special strategies for controlling and managing the time; delaying and scrutinizing strategies are the most important of them.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulting from metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) has been reported to be an important cause of nosocomial infection and is a serious therapeutic problem worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the fliC (flagellin) typing and their prevalence rate in P. aeruginosa producing MBL isolated from clinical specimens in Ahvaz, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, isolates were related to the previous study collected from hospitalized patients in Golestan and Imam Khomeini, in Ahvaz, Iran, during 9 months in 2012. Strains were identified using microscopic and biochemical tests. Then, the susceptibility antibiotic tests were performed on all isolates. Imipenem (IMP) and IMP+EDTA (IMP/IMP+EDTA) combined disk phenotypic test was performed for detection of MBL producing strains that were resistant to IMP. Finally, PCR was performed to detect fliC genes in IMP resistant strains.
Findings: Out of 100 examined isolates, 47 isolates were resistant to IMP. Among 47 imipenem resistant strains, 41 strains were MBL producers. Eighty-three percent of the strains contained fliC gene that 48 isolates had type A and 32 isolates had type B.
Conclusion: Eighty-three percent of the specimens have flagellin (fliC) gene, which out of them, 48 strains of P. aeruginosa (60.0%) have type A flagellin and 32 strains (40.0%) have type B. Twenty-four of the 41 strains of MBL producer (60.0%) have type A and 16 strains (40.0%) have type B and only one strains lacks the flagellin gene, so the flagella plays a significant role in the bacterial virulence.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, isolates were related to the previous study collected from hospitalized patients in Golestan and Imam Khomeini, in Ahvaz, Iran, during 9 months in 2012. Strains were identified using microscopic and biochemical tests. Then, the susceptibility antibiotic tests were performed on all isolates. Imipenem (IMP) and IMP+EDTA (IMP/IMP+EDTA) combined disk phenotypic test was performed for detection of MBL producing strains that were resistant to IMP. Finally, PCR was performed to detect fliC genes in IMP resistant strains.
Findings: Out of 100 examined isolates, 47 isolates were resistant to IMP. Among 47 imipenem resistant strains, 41 strains were MBL producers. Eighty-three percent of the strains contained fliC gene that 48 isolates had type A and 32 isolates had type B.
Conclusion: Eighty-three percent of the specimens have flagellin (fliC) gene, which out of them, 48 strains of P. aeruginosa (60.0%) have type A flagellin and 32 strains (40.0%) have type B. Twenty-four of the 41 strains of MBL producer (60.0%) have type A and 16 strains (40.0%) have type B and only one strains lacks the flagellin gene, so the flagella plays a significant role in the bacterial virulence.
I. Rasooli, M. L. Moosavi, M. B. Rezaee, K. Jaimand,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (Number 3&4 - 2002)
Volume 4, Issue 3 (Number 3&4 - 2002)
Abstract
The antimicrobial effects of essential oil isolated from Myrtus communis L. against Es-cherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniaee, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida albicans and Sac-charomyces cerevisiae were studied. The disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the zone of microbial growth inhibition at various concentrations of the oil. The minimal In-hibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the oil were determined. The oil was found to have an antimicrobial effect. Kinetics of microbial destruction exhibited that the oil could kill microorganisms within 45 minutes of expo-sure. GC and GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed 32 components. The major components were α-Pinene (29.4%), Limonene (21.2%), 1,8-Cineole (18%), Linalool (10.6%), Linalyl acetate (4.6%) and α-Terpineole (3.1%). The high monoterpenes hydrocarbons such as α-Pinene and Limonene seem to contribute to the strong antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis L. Further research on antimicrobial effects of essential oils with a view to sub-stituting the common chemical compounds is promising.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (11-2014)
Abstract
Sugar beet molasses is a well-known, inexpensive and available carbon source for microbial cell growth. Its sugar components are used to produce energy for microbial growth and non-sugar components, especially nitrogen components, have important roles in improvement of cell growth. On the other hand, immobilization of whole cell is establishment and physical limitation of intact cells in specific space that keeps their catalytic activity and provides the possibility of reuse of the cells. This technique allows continuous and accelerated biological processes. It also improves production efficiency and quality and simplifies recycling of product. Immobilized living cells, as controlled catalysts, are able to perform one-step enzymatic reaction and continuous fermentative processes. In this research, E.coli cells were immobilized in calcium alginate hydrogels and using sugar beet molasses as carbon source, were applied for tryptophan production reaction in the presence of its precursors, serine and indole. In comparison between free biocatalysts and immobilized bacterial cells that entrapped in alginate gels, indicated that larger amounts of amino acids (about 42/9%) can produce in calcium alginate. Also the production reaction was followed up for 9 sequential cycles, and results showed that the cells could produce tryptophan amino acid under above conditions. Use of sugar beet molasses (by-product of agriculture industries) for growth of microbial cells and tryptophan production, causes decrease in production cost and more economical production of tryptophan by immobilized E. coli.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Research subject: Activated carbon is a porous absorbent with reasonable specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution for many applications such as adsorption. This material is obtained from various natural sources of carbon. Due to increasing demand for activated carbon, the economical precursors have been highly noticed. In the meanwhile, black liquor, industrial residue from Lignin Kraft process in paper factories, has high amount of carbon which can be used as an appropriate and cheap precursor for activated carbon production, and make high value added.
Research approach: In this study, at first, lignin was extracted from black liquor, prepared from Iran wood & paper industries-Chouka factory, under defined conditions and investigation of pH effect, and then, powdered carbon was synthesized from extracted lignin using chemical activation method by phosphoric acid chemical agent. To consider the effects of activation temperature parameter on activated carbon structure, including specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution, three activation temperature of 400, 500 and 600 ⁰C in impregnation ratio of 2 were investigated. To study the physical and morphological properties of sensitized absorbents, they were analyzed by BET, SEM, and FTIR methods.
Main results: The results confirmed that the highest amount of lignin with a similar structure to the degraded lignin was recovered at pH = 2. Investigation of the effect of activation temperature parameter suggested that the activation temperature of 500 °C can be a reasonable temperature for the synthesis of high specific surface area activated carbon and increasing the temperature above 500 °C is not effective. Among these sensitized adsorbents, the activated carbon sensitized in activation temperature of 500 ⁰C showed the highest specific surface area and the pore volume of 1573.31 m2/g and 0.89 cm3/g respectively, which exhibits the high potential of this precursor as activated carbon adsorbent.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (fall 2024)
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the citizens’ perception of factors affecting regeneration in informal settlements with the approach of the base culture of Tabriz metropolis.
Methods: The research method is based on the use of questionnaire tools and the use of inferential statistics methods, especially the method of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Spss and SmartPlas software were used for data analysis.
Findings: The results of the research show that the factors affecting regeneration in the informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis can be classified in 4 social, economic, cultural and infrastructural indicators with a culture-based approach. These 4 factors explain a total of 67.04% of the total variance, which is significant percentage. Also, the results showed that the infrastructure index with a factor load of 0.901 and a total average of 3.61 ranked first, and an economic index with a factor load of 0.860 and total average of 1.51 ranked fourth among the factors influencing the regeneration of informal settlements in Tabriz metropolis with a culture-based approach.
Conclusion: This research has analyzed the perception of citizens and residents in the informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. As a result, it can be said that the weakness of urban infrastructure from the perspective of the residents has been raised as the most important challenge in organizing and re-creating these structures, which shows the importance that in fact These tissues have been so neglected by urban management in terms of urban infrastructure that they have been introduced as the most important drivers of regeneration by the residents.
Methods: The research method is based on the use of questionnaire tools and the use of inferential statistics methods, especially the method of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Spss and SmartPlas software were used for data analysis.
Findings: The results of the research show that the factors affecting regeneration in the informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis can be classified in 4 social, economic, cultural and infrastructural indicators with a culture-based approach. These 4 factors explain a total of 67.04% of the total variance, which is significant percentage. Also, the results showed that the infrastructure index with a factor load of 0.901 and a total average of 3.61 ranked first, and an economic index with a factor load of 0.860 and total average of 1.51 ranked fourth among the factors influencing the regeneration of informal settlements in Tabriz metropolis with a culture-based approach.
Conclusion: This research has analyzed the perception of citizens and residents in the informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. As a result, it can be said that the weakness of urban infrastructure from the perspective of the residents has been raised as the most important challenge in organizing and re-creating these structures, which shows the importance that in fact These tissues have been so neglected by urban management in terms of urban infrastructure that they have been introduced as the most important drivers of regeneration by the residents.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Mapping of Land use/cover is important for many activities of planning and management, especially in arid areas. Nowadays, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques, which provide timely and high capability data, are widely used in producing this kind of mapping. The main objective of this study is to produce an actual land use map using advanced pixel-based (MLP, SVM, and SOM) approaches. The most important challenge, in this case, is to determine the optimum structure of classification methods. The Taguchi method is used to optimize the structure of MLP, SVM, and SOM methods. Results show that the Taguchi method can be effectively used to cope with this problem. It significantly reduces the number of classification tests. We also showed that there are significant differences between the results of the SVM method with those of the MLP and SOM methods (χ2 more than 100) and that SVM model is more efficient than other methods. The accurate map produced by the optimized SVM approach (Overall accuracy of 0.93) showed that this method has a better performance.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2006)
Abstract
Purpose: Scorpions in the Middle Eastern countries are known as the most widely spread poisonous creatures that cause casualties and death to human being and domestic animals. These creatures are distributed and well established in subtropical regions. Among sixteen Iranian islands in the Persian Gulf, Kish Island is the focus of important internal and foreign industrial and commercial activities, attracting, thousands of tourists willing to visit its natural beauties and site seeing places every year. The present study was carried out during 1998-99 throughout Kish Island in order to learn about the species, abundance and foci of distribution of scorpions. This was done to establish a control strategy, reduce scorpion stings, and safeguard visitors, as well as, local population. Materials and methods: Collections were made using the night search using the direct smapling method with a UV light. Result: A total of 371 scorpions were captured. These were identified as Buthotus jayakari 365 specimens (%98.38) and Buthacus leptochelys with only 6 specimens (%1.68) belonging to the Buthidae family. B. jayakari was collected in most parts of the island and was considered to be the dominant species. The sex ratio was 1:1.53 in favor of females. Whereas B. leptochelys was a rare species having a restricted distribution. Discussion: Considering the high population of B. jayakari and its wide spread distribution, it can be regarded to be responsible for the majority of scorpion-stings in Kish Island.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
The nematotoxic potential of water extracts and green manures prepared from three plant species, daikon Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L., purslane Portulaca oleracea L. and chinaberry Melia azedarach L., on Globodera rostochiensis was examined in vitro and in microplots. Significant alteration in J2 (second stage juvenile) activity and their hatching from eggs was observed with different exposure times by all plant species; more than 99% of the J2s were inactivated after 72h and the same degree of inhibition in hatching of the eggs occurred after exposure to the plant extracts. In microplots, the numbers of newly formed cysts and final nematode multiplication rates were reduced in unsterilized soil at 1, 3 and 5% (w:w) rates of amendment with fresh plant materials, and the infestation rates of potato plants did not differ significantly from those in soil treated with metham sodium 37%. The rate of emergence of J2 from cyst inocula declined by 36% in soil treated with chinaberry and purslane and by 71% in soil treated with daikon. The reduced availability of J2 in soil must be one of the reasons for decrease in nematode multiplication rates of 65% and 86% where soil was amended with chinaberry/purslane and daikon, respectively. In terms of plant growth improvement and nematode control, daikon amendment outperformed other treatments, including metham sodium.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Aims: Producing a land use/land cover map is a fundamental step in different studies. This study aimed to assess the ability of hierarchical, pixel-based and object-oriented classification methods to produce land use/cover maps.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the Harat-Marvast basin of Yazd Province, Iran using Landsat imagery of 2016 (paths 161 and 162, row 39). The hierarchical image classification method was tested for land use/cover mapping. A statistical comparison between three algorithms, namely pixel-based, object-oriented and hierarchical image classification was performed using the McNemar test. An intensive field survey was also accomplished to obtain training and test samples.
Findings: The kappa coefficients for pixel-based, hierarchical and object-oriented techniques were 0.76, 0.83 and 0.94, respectively. Results also showed that the performance of SVM and hierarchical algorithms are significantly different with aχ2f 112.3 which shows the superior performance of the hierarchical algorithm.
Conclusion: It was shown that the object-oriented approach performed significantly better than the two above-mentioned methods (χ2= 149.6). As the computational costs of object-oriented methods are relatively high, the hierarchical algorithm can be suggested when there are limitations in time or computational infrastructures. Therefore, the hierarchical algorithm can be used instead of simple pixel-based algorithms for land use/cover mapping.
Volume 8, Issue 20 (special Issue law (Tom 37)- 2005)
Abstract
Shi'a jurists, view based on what narrate, the Prophet's household (p.u.t) make between the apostate born to a Muslim and the one born to a non- Muslim and then became a Muslim. The point of the distinction is that the former (murtadd fitri) is not asked to repent and the punishment (hadd) will be imposed on him while the latter (murtadd milli), is asked by the judge to repent and if he did, the punishment will be lifted. Now, if murtadd fitri happened to repent before introducing evidence – without duress and coercion – would it be of any help? Most of the jurists believe that this repentance is of no avail and it will not lift the legal consequences such as execution, separation from espouse, division of property among heirs. In this paper, I will first examine the evidence of such precept to conclude the if murtad fitri, repents before the introduction of evidence, at least the penalty (hadd) for apostasy will be lifted and the authorities fall short of covering this case. Then the issue of Istitabat (asking repentance) of apostate and its duration will be briefly discussed.
Volume 9, Issue 0 (بهار 85- 2010)
Abstract
Aim: This study investigates the intraspecific competition, for food and density amongst larvae of Anopheles stephensi (main malaria vector in south Iran). Material & Methods: The effects of 4 selected food quantities (1x,2x,4x,6x) and 5 larval densities (0.1 to 3 larva/cm2) were tested individually or in combination on 7 biological indexes of the vector and the results were statistically analyzed. The competition starts when the food quantity decreases from 6x to x and the larval density increases from 0.1 up to 3 larva/cm2. Results & Discussion: The biological indexes that showed significant alterations at competing conditions (reduced food quantity and increased larval density) were as follows. Increasing of the larval, pupal and total mortality, alteration of the sex ratio in favor of male production, and decrease of the speed of larval development and survival rate. However, body sizes did not show any significant difference among individuals of both sexes. Conclusion: So, reducing the food quantity and increasing the larval density make a decrease in abundance and activity of An. Stephensi and it may provide a useful method for control of this mosquito population.
Volume 9, Issue 0 (بهار 85- 2010)
Abstract
The family of staphylinidae (rove beetles) includes 40000 species and has a world-wide distribution . Many species of Paederus have been known for a long time as the causative agent of linear dermatitis. Paederus beetles are attracted to artificial lights in the evening during the hot and humid summer nights. Whenever they are crashed or smeared on the skin they release their toxin called Pederin from their haemolymph . So far, various recommendation have been made to control paederus, but most of them were inefficient . The aim of this study was to investigate the repellency effect of the neem oil (Azadirachta indica Juss), as a personal protection method against paederus beetles. Neem oil was used in three different dosages (2.5 ,5 ,10 percent) on treated paper inside the ptri dishes. The results showed that protection percentage produced by Neem oil at 2.5 ,5 and 10 percent dose was 46.2 ,69.3 ,84.62 percente respectivly .
Volume 9, Issue 0 (تابستان 85- 2010)
Abstract
Aim: Abnormal joint mobility is an important factor in movement dysfunction and physical disability. A general lack of descriptive details exists for measurements of hip rotation range of motion (ROM). This study was designed to establish the influence of hip position on active and passive range of motion of the hip in external and internal rotation(Ext & Int Rot). Material & Methods: Sixty healthy female college-age (22.17 +/- 1. 8 years) subjects were studied. Hip rotation of the legs of each subject was measured in the prone (hip near 0 degree of extension) and seated (hip near 90 degrees of flexion) positions using a standard goniometer. Results: Data were analyzed using an analysis of paired-t-test and Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney model. Pearson's r statistics were used to determine the reliability of measurements of hip rotation made in ext vs. flex (P<0.05, r>0.90). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between mean hip Ext & Int Rot ,active range of motion measured in ext vs. flx. Conversely, mean hip Ext & Int Rot, passive range of motion measured in ext or flx was not statistically different. Our data indicate that measurement position had a significant effect on the amount of active range of motion of the hip in Ext & Int Rot. Discussion & Conclusion: These findings are clinically significant for they stress the importance of documenting measurement position. They also stress the need for representative normal valves to be established for each hip position and gender. Our normal valves ROM values for the Int & Ext Rot of the hip calculated from this population based sample were found to differ from estimate found in textbooks. This may be due to young age and female groups and lifestyle of Iranian population , too.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Water quality is an important factor in determining groundwater uses. An effort has been made to determine the groundwater quality of the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer. This research was conducted to fill the research gap in aquifer quality in the study area and make a comprehensive evaluation of the study aquifer using different water quality indices. The results can be used for decision-makers better to understand the water quality situation in the area.
Materials & Methods: In order to carry out this study, the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Langelier saturation index (LSI), Larson–Skold index (LS), and Puckorius scaling index (PSI) were considered to determine groundwater quality for industrial use. Also, the drinking water quality index (WQI) and FAO water quality index (FWQI); and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were employed to categorize water suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. Finally, the spatial distribution of water quality parameters was assessed.
Findings: This study showed that the study aquifer is less corrosive based on PSI, significant, and heavy corrosive, according to LI. Also, results of the aquifer classification based on WQI indicated that about 45% of the aquifer is categorized as poor, very poor, and undesirable for drinking purposes. Finally, IWQI showed that %2.8 of the aquifer is categorized as “non-restriction” class and %4.1 as a “severe restriction” class for irrigation.
Conclusion: Therefore, it could be concluded that Yazd-Ardakan aquifer water quality is exacerbating. Consequently, the water quality and water treatments should be taken into account to mitigate the exacerbating trend of the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer.Aims: Water quality is an important factor in determining groundwater uses. An effort has been made to determine the groundwater quality of the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer. This research was conducted to fill the research gap in aquifer quality in the study area and make a comprehensive evaluation of the study aquifer using different water quality indices. The results can be used for decision-makers better to understand the water quality situation in the area.
Materials & Methods: In order to carry out this study, the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Langelier saturation index (LSI), Larson–Skold index (LS), and Puckorius scaling index (PSI) were considered to determine groundwater quality for industrial use. Also, the drinking water quality index (WQI) and FAO water quality index (FWQI); and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were employed to categorize water suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. Finally, the spatial distribution of water quality parameters was assessed.
Findings: This study showed that the study aquifer is less corrosive based on PSI, significant, and heavy corrosive, according to LI. Also, results of the aquifer classification based on WQI indicated that about 45% of the aquifer is categorized as poor, very poor, and undesirable for drinking purposes. Finally, IWQI showed that %2.8 of the aquifer is categorized as “non-restriction” class and %4.1 as a “severe restriction” class for irrigation.
Conclusion: Therefore, it could be concluded that Yazd-Ardakan aquifer water quality is exacerbating. Consequently, the water quality and water treatments should be taken into account to mitigate the exacerbating trend of the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer.
Materials & Methods: In order to carry out this study, the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Langelier saturation index (LSI), Larson–Skold index (LS), and Puckorius scaling index (PSI) were considered to determine groundwater quality for industrial use. Also, the drinking water quality index (WQI) and FAO water quality index (FWQI); and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were employed to categorize water suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. Finally, the spatial distribution of water quality parameters was assessed.
Findings: This study showed that the study aquifer is less corrosive based on PSI, significant, and heavy corrosive, according to LI. Also, results of the aquifer classification based on WQI indicated that about 45% of the aquifer is categorized as poor, very poor, and undesirable for drinking purposes. Finally, IWQI showed that %2.8 of the aquifer is categorized as “non-restriction” class and %4.1 as a “severe restriction” class for irrigation.
Conclusion: Therefore, it could be concluded that Yazd-Ardakan aquifer water quality is exacerbating. Consequently, the water quality and water treatments should be taken into account to mitigate the exacerbating trend of the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer.Aims: Water quality is an important factor in determining groundwater uses. An effort has been made to determine the groundwater quality of the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer. This research was conducted to fill the research gap in aquifer quality in the study area and make a comprehensive evaluation of the study aquifer using different water quality indices. The results can be used for decision-makers better to understand the water quality situation in the area.
Materials & Methods: In order to carry out this study, the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Langelier saturation index (LSI), Larson–Skold index (LS), and Puckorius scaling index (PSI) were considered to determine groundwater quality for industrial use. Also, the drinking water quality index (WQI) and FAO water quality index (FWQI); and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were employed to categorize water suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. Finally, the spatial distribution of water quality parameters was assessed.
Findings: This study showed that the study aquifer is less corrosive based on PSI, significant, and heavy corrosive, according to LI. Also, results of the aquifer classification based on WQI indicated that about 45% of the aquifer is categorized as poor, very poor, and undesirable for drinking purposes. Finally, IWQI showed that %2.8 of the aquifer is categorized as “non-restriction” class and %4.1 as a “severe restriction” class for irrigation.
Conclusion: Therefore, it could be concluded that Yazd-Ardakan aquifer water quality is exacerbating. Consequently, the water quality and water treatments should be taken into account to mitigate the exacerbating trend of the Yazd-Ardakan aquifer.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
The production of double haploid plants can be used as an effective method for plant breeding. In this research, in order to produce chickpea haploid plants, 1mm-long anthers of Bivanij cultivar containing the microspores at uni-nucleate stage were isolated from suitable buds (3mm in length) and exposed to different centrifuge (150g, 300g and 600g each for 3, 6 and 10 minutes) and electrical shock pretreatments (0, 100, 150 and 200V) in the 2ml microtubes containing 1.5ml of RM-IK medium. The treated anthers were then cultured in an EDM culture medium containing 10mg/l 2, 4-D and 10mg/l silver nitrate to induce callus and embryos. Results showed significant differences between different levels of centrifugation, different levels of electric shock and their interactions for the studied traits. The highest percentage of embryogenesis was observed in centrifuge pretreatments of 150g for 6 minutes, 300g for 3 minutes, 150g for 3 minutes in combination with 150V electrical shock, 300g for 6 and 10 minutes and combination of 150g centrifuge pretreatment for 3 minutes with electric shock of 200V, while the highest percentage of plant regeneration was obtained from centrifuge pretreatment of 300g for 6 minutes and also the combination of centrifuge pretreatment of 150g for 3 minutes with electric shock of 150V.