Showing 29 results for Mart
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
A survey of Braconinae wasps was conducted at five sites, represented by various agroecosystems, rangelands and forests in Western Iran (Hamadan province) during 2015−2016 with a series of light and Malaise traps. Fifteen species belonging to three genera (Bracon Fabricius, Glyptomorpha Holmgren and Pseudovipio Szépligeti) were identified, among them five species, viz. Bracon concavus Tobias, B. fumigidus Szépligeti, B. iskilipus Beyarslan & Tobias, B. moczari Papp and B. novus Szépligeti, were recorded for the first time from Iran. 15 species are new provincial records for Hamadan.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2001)
Abstract
Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University
Ali Hossein Najafi Abrand Abadi
Associate Professor, Department of Law, Shahid Beheshti University
Kiomarth Kalantary
Ph.D. Student of Criminal Law, Tarbiat Modares University
Although the penal law is a necessity for a society, the consequences of its approval and execusion can not be overlooked. This is because, every penal law, with all it's advantages, limits people's freedom and increases the power of the State, which results in the vulnerability of the people against the government human beings, by nature, like to have freedom without limitation, Whereas in a social system the state allows people to enforce their freedom within the established limits, if criminal laws , are not of the right qualifications and if they are in congruent With the natural rights of human beings, clashes between the people and the government will be inevitable. To solve this problem, a criminal sanction should be chosen as the final solution. Notwithstanding this, today the legislator in Iran passes numerous penal laws without paying attention to their efficiency and consequences. More specifically, the legislator has passed more than 245 substative penal laws from 1358 (1979) to 1378( 1999) and if we add jurisprudences issued by the Supreme court and the provisions ratified by Cultural Revolution High Counsil regarding the criminal regulations, the quantity will be even greater. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss overcriminalisation, its causes and its consequences in Iranian legal system.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: The information on species richness (SR) can be used to help establish conservation strategies or to predict future patterns of biodiversity under global change. The aim of the present study was the prediction of spatial distribution of plant species richness in the Valdarreh Rangelands, Mazandaran, Iran by Macroecological Modelling (MEM) and Stacked Species Distribution Models (S-SDM).
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Valdarreh rangelands. In the present study compared the direct, macroecological approach for modeling species richness with the more recent approach of stacking predictions from individual species distributions. Both approaches performed in reproducing observed patterns of species richness along an elevation gradient were evaluated. MEM was implemented by relating the species counts to environmental predictors with statistical models, assuming a Poisson distribution. S-SDM was implemented by modelling each species distribution individually, assuming a binomial distribution.
Findings: The direct MEM approach yielded nearly unbiased predictions centered around the observed mean values, but with a lower correlation between predictions and observations, than that achieved by The S-SDM approaches. This method also cannot provide any information on species identity and, thus community composition. Predicted SR by S-SDM was correlated by a Spearman p of 0.76 with the observed SR. The MEM-predicted SR achieved a Spearman rank correlation of 0.32 with S-SDM. The species richness along the elevational gradient for MEM and S-SDM were 0.21 and 0.82, respectively.
Conclusion: MEM and S-SDM have complementary strengths and both can be used in combination to obtain better species richness predictions.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2020)
Abstract
The genus Latibulus Gistel, 1848 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is taxonomically reviewed in Iran. Specimens were collected using Malaise traps in the Isfahan province, during 2013–2015. Two species, Latibulus argiolus (Rossi, 1790) (spring form) and Latibulus orientalis (Horstmann, 1987) (summer form) are identified, of which L. orientalis is a new record for the fauna of Iran. In addition, L. argiolus is recorded from central part of Iran (Isfahan) for the first time. The geographical distribution of the recorded species in relation to the overall knowledge in the target area and adjacent regions is also discussed.
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2020)
Abstract
This study has been carried out to collect and identify Ichneumonidae species from northwestern Iran using Malaise traps during 2014. In total, fifteen species into 6 subfamilies are identified. Four species are recorded for the first time from Iran, i.e. Hoplocryptus melanocephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Zoophthorus palpator (Müller, 1776), Exochus erythronotus (Gravenhorst, 1820) and Enicospilus cerebrator Aubert, 1966. The geographical distribution data of the recorded species are provided.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (2-2019)
Abstract
The decline of biodiversity, specifically of insects is one of the major topics in conservation biology. In several countries of Europe, recent studies have shown a severe decline in species number and biomass of insects. In most countries of much higher diversity, much less is known about the state of the insect fauna. In this study, we focus on the acridid grasshoppers of Iran as an indicator taxon for diversity decline in a high diversity region. We used data of two surveys to suggest a change in species number between 1963 and after 2000. In the surveys before 1963, the species diversity across multiple localities in Iran was much higher compared to more recent faunistic studies. While this data is not statistically analyzable as the sampling is not completely comparable, the trends show a clear pattern of decline, which likely reflects the reality, conforms well to individual observations of less frequent encounters in the field and matches global patterns of insect decline. However, more standardized quantitative surveys are needed to generate statistically analyzable data. Potential reasons for the observed decline are severe draughts as a result of global climate change, habitat pollution, and destruction for construction and mining and especially overgrazing. Management actions need to be urgently put into place to stop the negative trends. Future studies need to document and test if these are taxon-specific trends or universal patterns in the region.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
The data on biology and taxonomy of the new subspecies Bracon pallicarpus dorytomovorus Samartsev & Dokuchaev ssp. nov. are given. It was shown that in the Northern Okhotsk region, the wasps of the new subspecies are solitary univoltine parasitoids of the Dorytomus cinereus Hochhuth, 1851 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) larvae which feed on the central axis of the catkins of the willow Salix rorida Lakschevitz (Salicaceae). Having consumed the weevil larva, the parasitoid forms a cocoon inside the host's tunnel and overwinters as a pupa inside the fallen catkin. Bracon pallicarpus dorytomovorus ssp. nov. adults emerge the next year in the second half of May. The status of the specimens of the type series of B. pallicarpus pallicarpus Thomson, 1892 was specified and its differences from 30 closely related species are presented. Bracon schmiedeknechti Fahringer, 1927 was synonymised with B. pallicarpus pallicarpus (syn. nov.).
Volume 11, Issue 1 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Aims: The patient decision-making process can become lengthy and overwhelming. Procrastination in visiting a hospital can have adverse effects on a patient's health. This study aimed to investigate how attitudinal ambivalence affects psychological discomfort and choice deferral in hospital selection. Additionally, the study explores the role of information novelty in reducing choice deferral and accelerating patient decision-making.
Instruments & Methods: This research employed a quantitative approach using a causal study to examine the relationships among variables. The purposive sampling method was used to obtain data based on certain criteria. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to patients. The research sample consisted of 385 respondents from private hospitals in Indonesia. Hayes PROCESS Macro software was used to investigate the relationships between variables.
Findings: The attitudinal ambivalence affected psychological discomfort (t=2.737; p=0.0001) and choice deferral (t=4.295; p=0.0001). The psychological discomfort influenced choice deferral (t=3.109; p=0.0001). The psychological discomfort had a mediation role in the effect of attitudinal ambivalence on choice deferral (t=10.678; p=0.0001). Information novelty reduced the effect of attitudinal ambivalence on psychological discomfort (t=2.653; p=0.003) and choice deferral (t=2.243; p=0.013). Finally, Information novelty weakened the effect of psychological discomfort on choice deferral (t=2.876; p=0.011).
Conclusion: Limited information can lead to information asymmetry, which can encourage attitudinal ambivalence and psychological discomfort. Providing comprehensive information to patients through digital media can help reduce anxiety and enhance their treatment experience in the hospital.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
We here present the first record of Parawenhoekia aginapaica (Haitlinger, 1999) from Iran, which also represents the first record for the genus of the whole continent (Asia). The specimens were collected in association with an Oedipodinae grasshopper of the genus Aiolopus (Orthoptera: Acrididae). The genus Parawenhoekia Paoli, 1937 has only been known from three Mediterranean countries so far (Italy, Cyprus, and Montenegro) and hence our finding represents a large area extension. This study provides new metric and meristic data and supplements the current knowledge on the species based on new specimens of P. aginapaica collected from Khumeh Zar, Mamasani County, Fars Province, Iran. Photographs of important characteristics are provided. A key to the world species of Parawenhoekia is given.
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Spring 2025)
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with neurological complications, like various autoimmune encephalitis (AE) types. This study aimed to identify and analyze COVID-19 cases diagnosed with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (anti-NMDARE).
Materials & Methods: This research summarized all post-pandemic reports. The review was conducted based on PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases were search using search terms to find anti-NMDARE cases associated with COVID-19.
Findings: After analyzing 649 records, 16 patients (ten women and six men) with a median age of 19.5 years were identified. All AE cases were confirmed by the presence of anti-NMDAR IgG, dominant behaviour and mental status changes, psychiatric symptoms, epileptic seizures, movement disorders, and sleep and speech problems. Abnormalities were more common in electroencephalography (EEG) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in brain MRI scans. All patients received first-line guideline-based therapy (intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange), and five patients received second-line immunotherapy (rituximab, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide). Nine out of 16 patients had complete recovery or significant improvement.
Conclusion: Considering the magnitude of the pandemic and the few anti-NMDAR encephalitis cases temporally diagnosed with COVID-19, this association was relatively rare. The appearance of characteristic features of encephalitis during SARS-CoV-2 infection necessitates further diagnostic tests, especially detection of auto-antibodies and possible neoplasm, since earlier diagnosis and treatment provide a better prognosis. This review highlights the need for further investigation into the co-occurrence of anti-NMDARE with COVID-19, long-term clinical outcomes, and possible relapses.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the morphological characteristics of wild and farmed common carp. In total 70 samples of common carp, including 25 samples of wild from Torkaman port and 45 samples of farmed common carp from Silver carp center in Gilan province were collected. Morphometric results were standardized using Elliott formula, and then principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the significance of traits between these two populations. The results of this study revealed that the two populations of wild and farmed common craps were completely separated from each other, using PCA and individuals were assigned to their true population with high accuracy (98%) based on DFA. Among the 33 truss distances that were analyzed, 16 distances showed a significant difference between two populations (p<0.05). The results showed that the studied populations can be distinguished by many morphological differences, especially by dorsal fin length, pectoral fin length, pelvic fin length, anal fin length, dorsal fin width, body width, tail stem width, distance between pectoral and pelvic fin, distance from mouth to dorsal fin and the distance from the mouth to the anal fin. Overall, the results showed that the population of wild carp was significantly different from the population of farmed common carp from the morphological point of view.
Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment revealed potentially related trait potential and genes associated with body shape, scaling patterns, and skin color.«نتایج کامل» بار نشدامتحان مجدد
Volume 12, Issue 4 (Fall 2024)
Abstract
Aims: The study aimed to analyze the determinants of village midwife performance in maternal and child health services.
Instrument & Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all village midwives in Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province, with a sample of 171 midwives providing maternal and child health services. This study was conducted over a period of three months, from January to March 2024, with the data collection phase occurring between February and March 2024. The inclusion criteria required participants to have more than two years of experience as village midwives. The dependent parameter was the performance of the midwives in improving maternal and child health, while the independent parameters were supervision, training, and attitude.
Findings: 101 midwives (59.8%) had never attended training, while 139 (81.3%) had received training, and 119 midwives (69.9%) exhibited a predominantly positive attitude. The significant parameters associated with the performance of village midwives in the univariate analysis were age, education level, length of service, incentives outside salary (all with p-value=0.0001), and supervision within the past year (p-value=0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the significant parameters were age (p-value=0.035) and education level (p-value=0.037).
Conclusion: Considering the age and education level of midwives in the implementation and socialization of the Maternal and Child Health program enhancing the performance of village midwives is crucial.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (March & April 2023 (Articles in English & French) 2023)
Abstract
The situation generated by the pandemic has caused irreversible changes in society and the educational world, manifesting a necessary change in methodology in the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study, which is part of a doctoral thesis investigation, was to analyze the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the digital competences of teachers in the Foreign Language classroom, before and during the state of alarm provoked by the pandemic Covid-19, based on sociodemographic factors. A non-experimental, ex post facto, descriptive study was carried out using a single measuring instrument. The final sample consisted of 117 foreign language teachers from bilingual schools of Primary and Secondary Education in Andalusia (Spain), both public and semi-private. The results indicate that teachers improved their digital skills as a result of the increased frequency of ICT use during the pandemic, and men under 30 years of age felt more motivated to use and incorporate new technologies in their classes. Even so, teachers continue to express the need for greater training opportunities in the use of ICTs for both educators and students, which will pose new challenges in the acquisition and development of digital competencies and from which new needs will emerge.
E. P. B. Ferreira, C. C. G. Martin-Didonet,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (5-2012)
Abstract
Agricultural sustainability is closely related with the efficient use of natural resources, which are primarily transformed by the action of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms are usually used as early indicators of soil quality since they rapidly respond to changes in soil management. A field experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate the effect of siratro (Macroptylium atropurpureum), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) and mulching on the bacterial communities of bulk soil and rhizoplane of siratro and bahiagrass. DNA was extracted directly from soil samples and from bacterial cells of siratro and bahiagrass rhizoplane and analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Results showed that bacterial communities were affected by both types of cover crop (siratro, bahiagrass and mulch) and the evaluated compartment (soil and rhizoplane). However, the greatest similarity (76%) was observed between bacterial communities of the samples under mulch and bahiagrass rhizoplane. The cluster analysis based on operational taxonomic units (OTU) showed that rare bands were preferentially related to mulch treatment. The diversity of bacterial community of the mulch treatment was 19% and 36% greater than the bacterial communities of siratro and bahiagrass, respectively, as revealed by Shannon-Weaver index. Besides, bacterial community diversity of the soil was 12% greater than that of the rhizoplane. These results indicate a clear effect of the rhizoplane on the selection of the bacterial community, leading to lower diversity index as compared with mulch samples.
Volume 14, Issue 5 (November & December 2023 (Articles in English & French) 2023)
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic affected education enormously, and despite numerous previous efforts to achieve digitalization, virtual teaching revealed deficiencies in both the EFL teachers’ digital competence and in the peripheral use of Information and communication technologies (ICTs). This study focused on a sample group to analyze the relationship between the implementation of this model and the pre-pandemic digital approach in order to identify deficiencies that need to be strengthened to achieve increasingly effective integration of blended learning. A questionnaire was used to collect data from participating teachers in the areas of school digital strategy, digital competence, and teaching practice in blended learning. The data were analyzed through structural equation models, verifying the relation between variables and also according to specific training on ICTs. An active but insufficient effort on the part of the participants’ schools to promote digitalization was revealed. The implementation of blended learning has been favored more by the responsiveness of participating EFL teachers than by the provision of specific training on the part of schools, which lacked common guidelines from the public administration. These EFL teachers can respond to changes, but the schools’ support is essential for the successful implementation of blended learning, updating the approach of the digital strategy adopted so far.
A. Mendez-Albores, A. Z. Campos-Agular, E. Moreno-Martinez, A. Vazquez-Duran,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (5-2013)
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of roasting and Dutching processes on the stability of B-aflatoxins (AFB1+AFB2), experimental units of cocoa beans contaminated with aflatoxin at a concentration of 220.7 ng g-1 were roasted at 250ºC for 15 minutes. Roasting conditions caused a notable reduction in the aflatoxin content (up to 71%). The resulting cocoa liquors contaminated with 63.9 ng g-1 were thermal-alkaline treated with sodium, potassium, and calcium hydroxide at three different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g kg-1). The effects of the two variables (alkali type and concentration) were analyzed as a completely randomized factorial 3´3 design. At a concentration of 10 g kg-1, the aflatoxin reduction was more effective when using NaOH and Ca(OH)2 (up to 94%) than when using KOH (up to 88%); however, at concentrations of 20 and 30 g kg-1, all of the three chemicals were almost equally effective for aflatoxin degradation (up to 98%). According to these results, higher reductions in aflatoxin levels were achieved during the roasting and an effective extra-reduction occurred during the Dutching process. Treatment of cocoa liquors with these alkalizing agents not only improved their physicochemical properties, but also enhanced their sanitary quality through the reduction in the aflatoxin content.
Volume 16, Issue 1 (March & April (Articles in English & French) 2025)
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors associated with motivation and attitude towards English learning through the application of structural equation modeling (SEM). A quantitative, ex post fact, cross-sectional and explanatory study was carried out on 1202 university students. Eight motivational factors were examined, namely: Motivational Intensity (MI), Attitude towards Learning English (ATLL), Integrative Orientation (IntO), Instrumental Orientation (InsO), Interest Towards Foreign Languages (ITFL), Evaluation of English Teaching (EET), Desire to Learn English (DLE), Evaluation of the English Course (EEC). The multiple regressions showed that EET, DLE, InsO, and EEC are predictors of the MI. It was found that DLE, InsO, and EEC are predictors of ATLL. The SEM showed a weak positive influence of InsO on DLE, ITFL, EET, EEC, MI and ATLL. IntO had a weak positive impact on DLE, EET, EEC, and ITFL. There was a weak positive impact of DLE on ITFL, ATLL and MI, and it had a strong effect on EEC. Finally, EET had a weak positive effect on MI, whereas EEC had a weak positive impact on ATTL and MI. This research provided information that serves to understand the factors affecting the intensity of motivation and attitude in L2 learning
V. H. Duran Zuazo, C. R. Rodriguez Pleguezuelo, S. Cuadros Tavira, J. R. Francia Martínez,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2014)
Abstract
In agroforestry landscapes, land use, and the associated management practices exert strong impacts upon soil organic carbon stocks. Data on the soil organic carbon were collected for different land-use types within a small watershed, El Salado, located in Lanjarón (SE Spain). Eight land-use types namely: farmland planted in olive, almond, and cereals; forest with Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. stands; shrubland; grassland; as well as abandoned farmland were taken into consideration. Of the land-use types investigated, forest, shrubland, as well as grassland exhibited the highest average soil organic C stocks (100-63 Mg ha-1) in contrast with the abandoned farmland (28 Mg ha-1), with farmland representing a go-between situation (51-49 Mg ha-1). The environmental factors precipitation, temperature, and elevation significantly influenced (P< 0.01) the soil organic C stock, with the contents tending to be higher in mountain soils with respective intermediate values of 600-800 mm, 10-15ºC, and 1,000-1,500 m asl. Thus, the present approach offers a comparison of C-sequestration patterns as related to the land-use types in a Mediterranean agroforestry landscape, where the main challenge is to integrate the forest trees and the crops within their harmonious interacting combinations.
F. Garcia-Sanchez, S. Simon-Grao, V. Gimeno, L. Galvez-Sola, Vicente Lidon, I. Simon, F. Hernandez, J. Martinez-Nicolas, A. Carbonell-Barrachina,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (9-2016)
Abstract
Many new varieties of mandarins have not been characterized from the nutritional and organoleptic point of view. It is important to know this information in order to select the cultivars of the highest quality. We characterized the physicochemical properties of 9 commercial early-maturing mandarins from south-east Spain: Four "Traditional Clementines" (Clemenules, Orogrande, Arrufatina, Oronules), 4 "New Clementines" (Loretina, Mioro, Clemenpons and Clemenrubí or Prim-23) and one "Satsuma" (Iwasaqui). ‘Oronules’, ‘Clemenules’ and ‘Iwasaki’ were the varieties that had the highest fresh weight (>120 g). The “Mioro” variety had the highest acidity (12.50 g L-1), and the juices from “Loretina” and “Mioro” showed the highest values of total soluble solids: 12.77 and 12.57 (ºBrix), respectively. “Loretina” and “Oronules” showed the most elevated values of total phenolic compounds, with 78.75 and 75.56 mg L-1 respectively. The main volatile compound was the monoterpene limonene. Following limonene in concentration was b-myrcene (25 μg L-1). “Clemenrubí” was the best variety for fresh consumption among the 9 examined, due to its high content of total phenols and ascorbic acid. Limonene was the main aroma of the mandarin juice, and the “Mioro” cultivar showed a different profile from the rest of cultivars studied according to the principal component analysis performed.
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
The aim of this research is exploring and analyzing the informational interactions among the actors of Iran’s nanotechnology domain by the quantitative exploring of their relations using Network Analysis approach. Recognition and delineation of the informational networks resulted in identification of powerful and influential actors and the weaknesses and strengths of status and relations among the actors. The results can be used by policy analysts and policy-makers as policy tools. The results in the individual level of actors revealed that Iran’s Nanotechnology Initiative Council with the highest amount of centrality is the most powerful actor of network. In the current conditions which Iran’s nanotechnology has not been entered to commercialization phase sufficiently, established institutions by the government to develop this technology have the highest amount of centrality in network. Also Nano Products Production Companies Group and Policy-Maker Institutions Group are the most powerful groups in the information network, respectively. On the other hand, Policy-maker institutions have the least informational interactions with media, non-governmental associations, and promotional institutions.
