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Accurate documentation and identification of species, along with publishing findings in peer-reviewed sources, are essential for enhancing biodiversity knowledge and guiding conservation efforts effectively. In this paper, we present corrections to records of butterfly species we previously documented from Nepal, updating their identifications based on new information. The records of three misidentified species are corrected: Caltoris sirius sirius (Evans, 1926), Catochrysops panormus exiguus (Distant, 1886), and Pelopidas conjuncta narooa Moore, 1878. Additionally, we have revalidated the records for four species: Caltoris bromus bromus (Leech, 1894), Celaenorrhinus nigricans nigricans (de Nicéville, 1885), Nacaduba berenice plumbeomicans (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881), Pantoporia sandaka davidsoni Eliot, 1969, and one form, Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) f. alcippoides (Moore, 1883), which were previously reported in journals listed on Beall's list of potential predatory journals, to ensure their authenticity. Our goal is to provide a reliable, corrected, and authoritative reference source for these records, enhancing the accuracy of butterfly species documentation in Nepal.

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Pasting is one of the most important properties of wheat starch determining the flour quality and functionality. Twenty three New Plant Type (NPT) wheat derivatives along with three checks (PBW 343, HD 2329, and Raj 3765) have been studied in multi-location trials to assess the variation and environment induced fluctuations for their starch pasting properties. Although all flour pasting characteristics varied, Breakdown Viscosity (BV) and Setback Viscosity (SV) exhibited greater variability across environments. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis indicated significant interactions between Genotypes and Environments Interaction (GEI) in starch pasting properties. Genotypes accounted largest proportion (39.78%) of the Sum of squares (SQ) for peak viscosity (PV) followed by environments (33.30%) and GEI (33.30%). Trough Viscosity (TV), GEI accounted for the largest proportion (40.44%) of the SQ followed by environments (31.76%) and genotypes (27.80%). Genotypes accounted for the largest proportion (44.0%) of the SQ for (BV) followed by environments (33.30%) and GEI (21.59%). With respect to FV, environments accounted for the largest proportion (43.07%) of the SQ followed by GEI (30.84%) and genotypes (26.09%). Environments accounted for the largest proportion (52.48%) of the SQ followed by genotypes (23.89%) and GEI (23.65%) for SV. The interactions between genotype and locations differed greatly; however, some genotypes apparently found to be specifically adaptable to growth location. Correlation among starch pasting characteristics revealed that significant positive correlations were found between PV and BV, FV and TV, as well as SV and FV in all the individual environments tested that can be utilized in selection and simultaneous improvement in for starch quality improvement.

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This study evaluated the efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi (EPF) as biocontrol agents against aphids, whiteflies, and western flower thrips. The research employed a leaf disc bioassay with various conidia concentrations to determine Lethal Concentration (LC) and Time (LT) for pest eradication. Additionally, the study assessed the activity of cuticle-degrading enzymes produced by EPF (Chitinase, Protease, and Lipase) to understand their pathogenic mechanisms. Molecular identification using ITS region of 18S rDNA identified virulent isolates. Results indicated that four isolates, namely, ENPF-16, 24, 41, and 60 achieved significant mortality rates (95 to 100%) at a concentration of 1x10⁸ conidia mL^-1 after nine days. Akanthomyces sp. (ENPF-41) exhibited the highest enzyme activity, followed by Beauveria sp. (ENPF-60). The virulent fungal isolates were identified as Beauveria bassiana and Akanthomyces lecanii. Among EPF, Akanthomyces lecanii (MT997935) displayed greater virulence against all three test insects with lower LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ values compared to the other EPF. In summary, all fungal isolates induced mortality in the tested pests, but their effectiveness varied. Akanthomyces lecanii (MT997935) emerged as a promising biocontrol candidate due to its broad host range and strong virulence.