---

The present study investigates the effect of baking temperatures (140, 160, 180, 200, and 220℃) on texture kinetics. It also explores a statistical classification meta-algorithm, called Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), to predict texture changes during conventional cake baking. The experimental results indicated that texture properties were significantly affected by baking temperature and time. As time and temperature increased, there was an increase in hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness and a decrease in springiness. However, the impact of time and temperature on resilience was inconsistent, as it was maximum in the last quarter of the process. The predicted results revealed that the AdaBoost algorithm accurately predicted the texture properties with a high coefficient of determination (R² > 0.989) and minimal root mean square error (RMSE < 0.0019) across all textural properties. Therefore, it can serve as an efficient tool for predicting the texture properties of cakes during baking. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be extended to predict the texture properties of other baked goods.
 

---

 

---

This study was carried out to investigate alternative instead of corn gluten meal in diets and the effects of this substitution on blood biochemical and hematological parameters of common carp juvenile. Juvenile's carp with an average 11.5 ± 0.5g, 9 ± 1cm weight and length respectively, were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Diets with 31% crude protein and 3100 kcal kg-1 raw energy alternative levels of 150, 270 and 490 (gr kg-1) and a control diet without corn gluten was made. At the end of the experiment, blood biochemical parameters, including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in juveniles fed the experimental diets compared with the control group showed a significant difference (P0.05). Also with replacement value of corn gluten in experimental diets, it was concluded that growth and nutritional factors treatments compared with control group significantly decreased (P

---

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of social factors on generalized social confidence among Urmia residents. The population of this study included all members of families who lived in city of Urmia in Iran and, at the time of investigation, were more than 18 years old. Among this population a sample of 300 people were selected and were asked to complete a questionnaire constructed for this investigation. Using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, the results indicate that the independent variables of articulated interactions, expansion of relations, social obligations, and social acceptance influence the dependent variable of generalized confidence. It has been concluded that, the theory of social confidence that considers human being as both rational and emotional and investigates social confidence on this suggestion has been experimentally supported. Finally, it is of our findings that level of generalized social confidence among Urmia residents was shown to be low.

---

adopted here is Social Distance Theory. According to this view, the more social distance among people the less they influence each other. From this viewpoint an increase in social distance among kinsfolk leads to a decrease in mutual influence and this, in turn, affect the emigration tendency. This study is aimed at the investigation of the relationship between kinship solidarity and emigration tendency among educated people. The theoretical framework Based on this theoretical foundation, we have suggested that 4 main variables, the size of kinship network, the strength of kinship relationship, the frequency of kinship relationship, and the profundity of kinship relationship, have negative influences on educated people’s tendency to emigrate. A sample of social sciences and electrical engineering students of the University of Tehran has been surveyed and the empirical data have been analysed both in description and explanation levels. The results indicate that all of the above mentioned variables affect emigration tendency negatively and significantly. Also, our findings suggest that, generally speaking, a negative correlation between the above independent variables and dependent variable of emigration tendency is predictable. In particular, two variables (the strength of kinship relationship, and the profundity of kinship relationship) explain 35% of variances of dependent variable of the tendency to emigrate.

---

Smart materials and shells affect on represent the space and identity of a society with their special activity and like any technology and element, it has its own effects and consequences and it can be said that based on the visual attractions and philosophy of the age of communication and visualization the culture of societies founded. The aim of this research is explaination of these effects on urban smart surfaces from psychological and intellectual and cultural anomalies aspects and helping designers to use it logically and in accordance with the culture and smart buildings of the community. The present research has a positive-content aspect and from another aspect, has a normative-content structure. Also, the research method includes descriptive and analytical research along with qualitative strategy, because it addresses contemporary social and cultural conditions. Data collection is based on library studies and documentation. The physical and material effects of smart shells that make urban facades based on perceptual visual cultures in perceptual aspects are criticized: truth and reality, time and space, experience and event, equality and justice, knowledge and information in a society and consider equal the meaning of firmness with persistence, generosity with lavishness, tolerance with indifference, adherence to affection and beauty with pretense and and in sensual aspects: Unity, distance and distance from the world, distorting other senses, undermining the message and meaning of the sender of the message, separation, isolation, apparent attachment, limiting taste, inhumanity of architecture and urbanization would be the results of increasing use of them.

---

Today, with the overcome of vehicles transportation on the walking two important quality of urban spaces (safety and vitality) have faced challenges. Commercial walkways as a one of most important urban spaces can play an important role to urban spaces improvement in favor to pedestrians and create effective relationship among shopping, safety and vitality. The aim of this research is study about possibility of conversion of Sattarkhan street (between 1th and 2th square) to a walkway for create more safety and vitality of pedestrians. In this study, first we discussed literature about walkways and vitality and then we evaluate these two factors Sattarkhan Street by using of field studies and direct and indirect observations. After that with the comparative method and emphasis on experienced model in Tarbiat Street in Tabriz city, possibility of pedestrianized Sattarkhan Street and patterns and component of design is offered.

---

The ovipositiomil behaviour and success of Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault), an encyrtid endoparasitoid of mealybugs, Planococcus citri (Risso) and Pseudococcus affinis (Mask.) were studied in the laboratory. Behavioural sequences during oviposition starting from the searching for the host to the post-oviposition activities were described. Once encountered, the mealybug host was examined and probed by the ovipositor of the parasitoid. Oviposition success was influenced by the defence activity of the host. P. citri was less able to defend itself and was more susceptible to parasitism than P. affinis. Oviposition experience of the parasitoid played an important role in increasing the efficacy of subsequent oviposition.

---

The attitude or behavior, which is not based on logical actions- and cause and effect relations, has irrational origins;  it happens due to a person's fear, threat, habits, and the unknown factors which he she believes to prevent the unbecoming events, called “superstition”. An increase in the literacy level and the popular culture in the society leads to a decrease in superstitious beliefs. It must be acknowledged that even modern people cannot reject superstitions, or get rid of them actually. This study has examined the causes of these prevalent beliefs and the way people apply them, via content analysis. Although the prevalence of superstition origins is established on irrational bases, people have applied them to gain benefit by impelling and propagating the folklore, preventing harm by inhibition, alleviation, turning the evil (scapegoat), and empathy.

---

---

  Morphological and morphometric characters of two species of superfamily Sphaerularioidea, recovered in southwestern Iran namely Deladenus durus and Prothallonema obtusum are given. The recovered specimens of D. durus are characterized by having a valvular chamber in metacorpus and excretory pore posterior to the hemizonid.The Iranian population of P. obtusum is characterized by having four lines in the lateral field, excretory pore anterior to the end of pharynx, not bulgy vulva region and short subcylindrical tail.

---

Trust is one of the effective cases on the person’s health and providing this health for all kinds of people is one of the basic issues in any society. On the other hand, teachers’ personality as well as their mental and psychological balance are more important than those of the other kinds of people in the society. The present study is an applied and cross-sectional research done by using a survey among different Tiranian teachers in different schools (elementary, guidance and secondary) in 2011.There were 240 people participating in this research. Because of the scattering of research people in various areas, we used multi-stage cluster samples to determine the volume. Also the data were collected by using questionnaires and analyzed by using Lisrel and SPSS softwares. The findings indicated that there was no significant difference between women and men, married and single people and teachers’ mental health rate. On the other hand, there was a direct significant relationship between mental health and various dimensions of social trust. In other words, the more social trust, the more mental and psychological health. These findings are in agreement whit the ideas such thinkers as Putnam, Wilkinson, and Kavachy.

---

Regarding new researches on chemorheology of energetic composites,it is determined that HTPB slurry should have convenient viscosity for ease of casting. In the other word, available time for appropriate casting of energetic composite after curative addition called pot-life. Long pot-life of HTPB binder system is necessarily for good processability and non-defect production of energetic composite grains. In addition to long pot-life, the physical-mechanical properties of HTPB energetic composite are of at most important. In this research, effect of  curative type (structure), casting temperature and the amount of DBTDL as a curing catalyst on chemorheological behavior of HTPB binder system and physical-mechanical  properties of energetic composite were investigated. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were selected in order to investigate the role of molecular structure of curing agent on Chemorheology of binder system and its slurry and also on physical-mechanical  properties of energetic composite. Moreover, temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 ˚C, were selected to study the effect of casting temperature on chemorheology. By decreasing each 10˚C of casting temperature, pot-life of binder system (IPDI and TDI) was increased about 10 min. Pot-life of binder system and energetic composite slurry based on IPDI in the presence of 0.005% DBTDL (the optimum content) at similar temperatures, showed the longest pot-life. The elastomer and energetic composite based on IPDI showed the most crosslinking density (CLD) and modulus in comparison to other curing agents with retain of tensile strength and adequate elongation.
 

---

Research subject: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegnerative disorder with no treatment due to the blood brain barrier (BBB) existence. The cure for this disease is Dopamine a chemical molecule.
Research approach: This study investigates biodegradable naoparticles (NPs) carrying dopamine (DA) across the blood–brain barrier. Ion polymerization and solvent methods were used to achieve this goal. Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior, at pH 7 were examined.
Main results: The empty nanoparticles and drug-loaded nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape and fluffy exterior, with mono-modal size distribution and negative zeta-potentials of increasing average sizes 90 to 120 nm simultaneously. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra demonstrated the polymerization of nBCA monomers and encapsulation of DA inside poly (butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA).Thermal characteristics of the copolymer were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug loading efficiency was around 25%.The in-vitro drug release profile of DA -loaded PBCA nanoparticles prepared from ion polymerization following solution techniques exhibited a gradual release; more than 20 ٪w/w of the drug was released after 51 h. The results showed that the DA–PBCA nanocapsules could be an effective carrier for hydrophilic agents. In this study, PBCA-NSPs were successfully generated as a delivery system for DA, providing a promising approach to improve the therapy of PDs.

 
 

---

Since his creation, the human has been concerned with the protection of his life and properties by any means possible such as exploring the surrounding environment, fighting against the threats facing him, and using a variety of tools and instruments. Among these tools was scorching. Scorching has been ever used for two main purposes by the human: marking and treatment. However, one cannot claim with certainty which application was the dominant one. In this study, the author has first dealt with the marking aspect and then with the treatment function. In its former function, scorching was practiced on the body organs of the slaves, enemies, and animals in order to distinguish and take ownership of them, and with criminals as a sign of guilt. In the latter function, it was used, according to some reports, as the last treatment possible for curing different diseases in both humans and animals. The most important therapeutic application of scorching was on wounds to stop bleeding and prevent infection. In the present research, both functions have been examined and classified with reference to the Persian literature, history, and folk culture.

---

One of the stylistic featuers of contemporary poetry is usage of local a Haidar and Samanbar is an unknown Iranian folk tale which has been created at the time of Safavid dynasty. This story since its appearance in oral or written form was common among the Iranian people and the stories have been popular in many ethnic groups. Each of the poetic narrative of this story appears in Baluchi language with more than 200 hemistich (lines). One of them has been, written and narrated in Qajar era by Malek –Dinar Miravi and probably by another anonymous poet at the same time.  Besides holding the content and structure of the original Persian poems, Baluch poets have added different local elements to this tale. In addition to the attractiveness of this tale in general public, the manner of performing Baluch minstrels with musical instruments and songs is a key factor to maintain it among the Baluch natives. 

---

A parallel hybrid system of HMM and GMM modeling techniques was implemented and used in a telephony speaker verification and identification system. Spectral subtraction and Weighted Projection Measure were used to render this system more robust against additional noise. Cepstral Mean Subtraction method was also applied for the compensation of convolution noise due to transmission channel degradation and differences in the frequency response of telephone handsets. For a population of 100 speakers of FARSDIGITS1 database with a SNR of 8.8 dB, a speaker identification performance of 95.51% and a speaker verification error rate of 0.37% were obtained. Several score normalization methods in utterance and frame level and weighting of model scores were also implemented, and then compared and evaluated. It was shown that these methods improve discrimination between speakers and yield a reduction of speaker verification and identification error rates.

---

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of some insecticides on the control of Sarta longhorned beetle, Aeolesthes sarta Solsky adults and larvae. In the laboratory, three pairs of mated and non-oviposited adults were released on the logs of field elm, Ulmus minor Mill that had been treated with chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, permethrin or imidacloprid. In the field experiments, artificially infested U. minor var. umbraculifera Rehd trees were treated by imidacloprid and oxydemeton-methyl through soil and trunk injection. In the laboratory test the best results were obtained from imidacloprid and permethrin applications, because of occurrence of high adult mortality after short period and also preventing egg laying. Despite a few eggs that were laid on the chlorpyrifos treated logs, there were no living larvae in the sprayed logs. Results of the field tests showed that the number of living larvae did not differ significantly between oxydemeton-methyl and control treatment, however, imidacloprid injection was effective in controlling this pest.

---

---

Problem: The concept of urban public art and its emergence in the public sphere is one of the most important factors in strengthening and accelerating the process of the creative city. Street music as an urban public art, is an influential event in urban communities that seeks to improve the quality of social life, strengthen collective memories, increase the level of vitality and dynamism of the city and achieve creative urban development.
Target: The authors try to redefine the importance and significance of the urban public arts event in urban spaces, identify the feasibility of performing street music in social environments. The green corridor of Shahrchai and the Khayyam Jonubi sidewalk of Urmia city have been studied.
Method: In this regard, in the present study, information has been collected with the aim of application and descriptive-analytical nature and by using documentary-library methods, questionnaire and interview tools. The statistical population and sample size consist of two groups of experts, thinkers and university professors and active members of street music, which includes 60 samples including stratified or group sampling method. For quantitative analysis, the methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman Correlation, Swara and Cocoso have been used. 
Result: According to the findings, the social, cultural and environmental dimensions and the indicators of "possibility of live music performance" and "quality of environmental design" have gained the highest and lowest levels of importance, respectively. Also, the green corridor of Shahrchai has more favorable conditions than the performance of urban Public arts (street music) compared to the Khayyam Jonubi sidewalk of Urmia.