Showing 5 results for Castillo
R. G. Castillo-Godina, R. Foroughbakhch-Pournavab, A. Benavides-Mendoza,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element for humans, therefore, adding it to plants is convenient for biofortification. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze experimentally the ability of sodium selenite to increase the concentration of Se and modify the antioxidant activity in tomato plants. We used plants of the Toro hybrid variety and applied three treatments: 0, 2 and 5 mg L-1 of selenium as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) using an irrigation system. Three samplings 40, 80, and 120 days after transplantation and a quantification of the accumulation of selenium and macronutrients in leaves, stems, and fruits were carried out. Plant height, stem diameter, firmness, and total solids of fruits and total dry matter were measured. The enzyme activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was quantified. The results indicated positive effects of Se on agronomic variables of the plants and fruit quality; however, fruit production showed no significant differences. Se had no effect on the concentration of the macro and micronutrients. The addition of 5 mg L-1 of Se resulted in significant increases in the concentration of selenium on a dry basis, reaching 20.4 µg g-1 in leaves, 52.3 µg g-1 in stems, and 35.8 µg g-1 in fruits. The increase in enzyme activity in the fruits was enhanced by the application of 5 mg L-1 of Se: There was up to 352.7% more catalase activity, 312.2% more glutathione peroxidase activity, and 200.8% more superoxide dismutase activity compared with the control.
E. Estrada-Ortiz, L. I. Trejo-Téllez1, F. C. Gómez-Merino, H. V. Silva-Rojas, A. M. Castillo-González, E. Avitia-García,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of different concentrations of Phosphite (Phi) (0, 0.25, and 0.50 mM) in nutrient solution on lettuce and chard. The fresh and dry biomass of lettuce shoots and heads, root volume, and P accumulation in roots showed no significant differences compared to the controls for different Phi concentrations in nutrient solution. In chard, no statistical differences were found among Phi concentrations for P concentrations in roots and shoots, total free amino-acids in leaves, chlorophyll-b, and soluble sugars. The phosphorus concentration in lettuce shoots was 15.6 and 50.6% higher in plants treated with 0.25 and 0.50 mM of Phi, respectively, compared with the controls. In lettuce, phosphorus levels in roots, total free amino-acids and soluble sugars in leaves were statistically greater for 0.25 mM of Phi in nutrient solution. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, b and total chlorophyll in lettuce leaves increased positively with Phi concentration in nutrient solution. The addition of more than 0.25 mM of Phi to the nutrient solution for chard negatively affected the fresh and dry biomass weight of shoots and roots, and P accumulation in roots and shoots. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, b and total chlorophyll in chard leaves was statistically higher with 0.25 mM of Phi in nutrient solution. We conclude that Phi has differential effects on lettuce and chard physiology, and positive plant responses may be observed when Phi is used up to 0.25 mM in sufficient P conditions.
A. Mezerket, M. Hammache, C. Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, P. Castillo, J. E. Palomares-Rius,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (11-2018)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the geographical distribution, infestation degree, and diversity of Potato Cysts Nematode (PCN) in Algeria, including the southern regions. Accurate identification of PCN is essential to determine the appropriate control methods to be used in an Integrated Pest Management program. PCNs were found in forty percent (12 out of thirty) of localities sampled. The average population density of PCN was much higher in the southern regions, compared to the northern regions (9.8 cysts per 100 cm3 vs.4.6 cysts per 100 cm3). The southern potato production areas were more infested with PCN than those of the north (7 from 25 fields in North vs. 5 from 5 fields in the South). Globodera pallida occurred predominantly in the northern region of Algeria, whereas G. rostochiensis occurred predominantly in the southern regions. No mixtures of these species were found in any of the positive studied localities. These species were confirmed by the molecular analysis based on PCR with species-specific primers, ITS-rDNA, and cytochrome b of mtDNA. The low molecular diversity and their phylogenetic association with the European populations of PCN suggest that Algerian populations were probably introduced from Europe, probably by infested seed-potato.
A. M. Castillo, S. Allue, A. Costar, F. Alvaro, M. P. Valles,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (9-2019)
Abstract
In recent years, spelt (Triticum aestivum (L.) ssp. Spelta) has become an added-value alternative crop to modern wheat. Spanish spelt constitutes a unique separate gene pool from central European germplasm. The availability of spelt Doubled Haploid (DH) production protocol is a great advantage to speed up breeding programs. This is the first study evaluating the ability of DH plant production, by anther culture, of five Spanish spelt landraces and three F5 lines derived from Spanish spelt x bread wheat crosses. Two central European commercial varieties were also included in the analysis. DH plants were obtained from all material with the exception of one F5 line. The Spanish spelt landraces produced more embryos/100 anthers (73-166.3) than the two European varieties (8.6-22.2). The main bottleneck in the Spanish germplasm was the high number of albino plants regenerated, with percentage of green plants lower than 13% in three of the landraces. Nevertheless, up to 15.6 and 1.8 green plants/100 anthers were obtained from the Spanish and the central European germplasm, respectively. A great variation in the percentage of spontaneous chromosome doubling was obtained, with 4 lines producing around 80% and 2 lines less than 15%. The ovary genotype used for anther co-culture is a critical factor to increase the efficiency of the system. Bread wheat ‘Caramba’ ovaries increased almost 6 times the number of green plants as compared to spelt landrace ‘BG-1987’ ovaries. This study shows that DH plants can be produced efficiently from Spanish spelt to be used in breeding programs.
H. M. Alejandro, J. G. Cruz-Castillo, M. E. Galindo Tovar, D. G. Guerra-Ramirez, F. Famiani, O. R. Leyva Ovalle, J. L. Monribot Villanueva, J. A. Guerrero Analco,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (4-2020)
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity and polyphenol contents in leaves of Vitis tiliifolia are unknown. Leaves from four accessions of Vitis tiliifolia grown ex situ in the collection of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Veracruz - Mexico, were collected in Autumn (2015) and Spring (2016), dehydrated and used to make water infusions at 80oC for 5 minutes. The four accessions were propagated from wild grapevines which grow in Huatusco, Atlahuilco, Cosautlan and Ixtaczoquitlan. The aqueous infusions were analyzed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity by application of 2,2-DiPhenyl-1-PicrilHydrazyl (DPPH), and the total phenolic compounds (total reducing power) were determined spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The polyphenols identification and quantification were determined using an ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatograph. Fourteen compounds, including trans-resveratrol, quercetin and rutin were identified. The infusions obtained from leaves of Huatusco and Ixtaczoquitlan accessions had the highest contents of total phenols. The infusions from leaves of Cosautlan and Ixtaczoquitlan accessions showed the highest antioxidant activities. The results indicate that the Vitis tiliifolia leaves in infusions are a rich source of bioactive compounds. This is the first time that the phenolics content and the antioxidant capacity of leaf infusions of Vitis tiliiflolia leaves are reported. As a large variability was found in the compounds of the different accessions, a selection of the genotypes with the most suitable composition of the leaves for their use in infusions and subsequent cultivation could represent a way for the valorization of Vitis tiliifolia and to diversify the agricultural productions in tropical areas.