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Considering that there are many commonalities between MohammadReza Shafiei Kadkani and Abdul Wahhab AL-Bayyati in cultural, social and political fields, and especially in literary filed, and also the inveterate familiarity of Shafiei Kadkani with AL-Bayyati’s views and opinions, besides study and translation of his works and preoccupation regarding to AL-Bayyati, all these caused Shafiei Kadkani to model AL-Bayyaties poetries and his personality as the major sample and in some cases to he impressed by him such that, sometims, Shafiei Kadkani composes like AL-Bayyati. So the common aspects of these two literates could not be accidentally. Therefore, obvious signs of this impressiveness and commonality are discussable in the framework of comparative literature. The purpose of this article is analyzing the commonalities and impressiveness signs of this Iranian poet from the Iraqi poet.

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Among contemporary playwrights, screenplay writers, and film directors, David Mamet is undoubtedly one of the best and most famous, especially in America. This study tries to analyze Glengarry Glen Ross, the best-known work of Mamet, which received Pulitzer Prize. We have chosen New Historicism as our main approach and we resort to Foucault's views and ideas in order to have a richer conceptual framework. The main concern of this paper is to analyze the concept of gender identity, the direct interrelation between power and sexuality, and the trace of this interrelation in social and business challenges. This study also discusses the traces of American capitalism as a circulating and dominant discourse and the way it exercises its power over different classes. Furthermore, it tries to give an account of David Mamet's attitude on gender roles. Finally, the paper deals with the question of language as a means of linking and signifying gender and power.

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Background: Emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has highlighted the need to identify new and more efficient antibacterial agents. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial activity of dill (Anethum graveolens) seeds essential oil and to investigate the effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seeds alcoholic extract on biofilm formation ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Materials and methods: This experimental study was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Activity of dill seeds essential oil was evaluated based on the inhibition zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against some important pathogenic bacteria including: Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cumin seeds alcoholic extract was evaluated on biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae. The biofilms were formed on semi-glass lamellas and observed by a scanning electron microscope.
Results: Dill essential oil showed a good to moderate activity against the tested strains. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus (inhibition zone of 15 mm and MIC of 0.62 mg.mL^-1) and V. cholerae (inhibition zone of 14 mm and MIC of 0.7 mg..mL^-1). The cumin alcoholic extract had no effect on biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the presence of antimicrobial compounds in dill extract. The cumin alcoholic extract was not able to inhibit biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae. Because of the medicinal plants properties, it is valuable to search for promising herbs and novel chemical compounds.

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Research Subject: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a silicone polymer that nowadays despite unique characteristics and high application potential of its microparticles, their preparation via bulk emulsification methods is a main challenge due to the limitations in mixing process, high viscosity and low surface energy of PDMS that make impossible accurate  control of final obtained particles. In the present work, size-controlled PDMS microparticles were prepared from a high-viscosity material.
Research Approach: PDMS microparticles were obtained by using glass capillary co-flow microfluidic device. The designed microfluidic device is facile, inexpensive and reusable and facilitated preparation of the high-viscosity PDMS microdroplets. Stabilizing the oil-in-water emulsion was obtained by optimizing the bath components and curing process that resulted in monodisperse and spherical PDMS microparicles. Effect of the some important adjustable parameters such as microchannel diameter and flow rate on the flow regimes and microparticles polydispersity were investigated by means of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Main Results: Results showed a dripping regime for producing monodisperse microparticles at low flow rates of the continuous phase and monodisperse microparticles from it. On the contrary, microparticles obtained from jetting regime are more polydisperse and smaller in comparison with dripping regime. By reducing the diameter of inner microchannel, microparticles with a diameter of 1.83 µm were obtained. Using the designed technology, uniform nanocomposite PDMS/ZnO microparticles 318 µm in diameter containing 15% ZnO were obtained from an oil phase viscosity of 7550 mPa.s. Therefore by an optimized and facile method, size-controllable uniform microparticles can be prepared that are proposed for various applications including drug delivery, bioengineering and electronic industry.

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Background: Biofilm is described as an accumulation of microbial organisms connected to a living or unmoving surface mainly through self-secreted polymeric materials. With a complete understanding of biofilm behaviors and the role of rhamnolipids in its stability or dispersion, a new path could be designed in the treatment of infections like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and function of rhamnolipids in P. aeruginosa velocity and biofilm formation ability.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 68 P. aeruginosa clinical samples were isolated from February 2022 to 2023 and confirmed based on culture and molecular methods. The presence of genes associated with di-rhamnolipid (rhlC) and mono-rhamnolipid (rhlA and rhlB) biosynthesis was detected by PCR method. For velocity assay, bacterial cultures on Bushnell Haas medium were monitored for 24 and 72 hours (0.5%).
Findings: The results showed that the distribution of biofilm strength among P. aeruginosa strains was normal. The frequency of rhlC was significantly different from those of rhlA and rhlB (p= .01). In the first 24 hours, the velocity of P. aeruginosa on Bushnell Haas with glucose was 2 µm/min and decreased during 72 hours. But after 72 hours, the velocity of moderate and weak biofilm-producing strains on solid medium with glycerol was constant.
Conclusion: In this study, rhamnolipids produced from different carbon sources showed different behaviors on colony shape, velocity, and strength of bacterial biofilms.

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Kermanshah province with an area about 24953, 286 square kilometers is located in the middle of western side of the country which its main part is in the zones of nappe and foliated Zagross and its heights are often formed of the hard carbonated formations. The Karsti zoning of Kermanshah province play an important role in the providing and feeding of aquiferouses; for this reason to recognize these zonations and the rate of their modification, the zoning of the modification of the karst is done in this research and its map has been drawn too. For the purpose of acquiring of the aims of the research , first the closed superficial holes as the index of the modification of the karst were recognized by using the topographic maps 1/50000 and the recognizing pictures 5 metersIRS (BW), their maps were drawn ap and after examining statistically and confirm ation of relationships the maps and the subject, by the help of the Kay square and the rotary operation, seven factors of height, lithology, geomorphology, temperature, rainfall, vaporization and slope as the effective factors in the modification of the karst have been selected. After digitalization of all of the respective data for evaluation (giving weight) the classes of the maps of aquired from the statistics ways, analysis of the hierarchic (expertizing judgement), condensation of the surface, the informational value, the variables weight and the experimental way were used. Then in the environment of GIS the maps of the factor of overlapping and the maps of the zoning the modification of the karast has been aquired with the 5 ways mentioned. Among the ways used for zonation, the way of the informational value has the most adaption with the selected index ( the closed holes ) in the zone table and the graph of the per each station irrigation schedule table forecast being studied The aquired maps of the zoning , beside the determininationof the zones with different degrees of modification of the Karst's forms in the province, they also show the ranges with more convenient than of Karst's activity in the current climate. It also becomes clear in this research that the cacalreous mass of Bistoon proportion to the other forma tions in the structural unit of nappe Zagros and proportion to the other structural units (foliated Zagross and transformation zone ).

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The attempt to ‘post-modernize’ Iranian writers sometimes goes so far that the critic, without adequate justification, considers outstanding Iranian works which are rooted in the culture and tradition of this land to originate in and serve the same function and purpose as their Western counterparts. In this research, the authors unravel these Eurocentric interpretations in the case of Bahram Beyzaie’s Death of Yazdgerd. Meanwhile, the goal is not to introduce Beyzaie as an exclusively Iranian playwright and overlook his cosmopolitan bent. More specifically, Beyzaie’s Death of Yazdgerd will be explored in terms of Bertolt Brecht’s epic theater. Thereby, Beyzaie’s twofold accomplishment in tailoring Brecht for the Iranian context and drawing on indigenous traditions of performative arts will be elaborated. Out of the vast body of Brecht’s method, this study focuses on his approach to history and his conviction in the contingency of the status quo and, hence, the possibility for change and reform even at the bleakest moments. The second line of this study concerns the parallel usage of certain techniques by Brecht and Beyzaie to achieve the so-called “distancing effect.” Given the multiple and occasionally incompatible readings put forth regarding Brecht's drama, the authors have adopted the holistic approach of Fredric Jameson to the subject matter.
 Introduction
In the concluding chapter of Namayesh dar Iran, Bahram Beyzaie acknowledges that in the cultural and material exchange that the East (including Iran) had with the West, both were impressed by the other side in different ways. Nevertheless, he adds, this contract was not always proportionate, so that a country like Iran lost heart and felt cowed by the greater industrial and military power of Europe (Beyzaie, 2015). According to Beyzaie, whereas the West adopted a critical attitude toward whatever was eastern and adapted them to its own spirit and outlook so much that it squeezed something western out of them, Iran was content to blindly mimic the West and be a simple receiver. This, Beyzaie contends, also occurred in the area of drama. Beyzaie rightly asserts that it was quite possible to harness performative techniques and traditional values of indigenous popular drama while channeling its thematic dimensions toward the enlightening realistic thought of the modern age so that a national drama which takes account of new developments and advancements could be produced.
In this paper, it is claimed that Beyzaie was the first to fulfill the abovementioned twofold task of preserving effective aboriginal dramatic conventions of Persian drama and assimilating the liberal/critical perspective of modern European drama. To this end, we will show how Beyzaie’s Death of Yazdgerd (2014) deploys native dramatic elements of Persian drama that correspond to some of the characteristics of Bertolt Brecht’s “epic theater.”
 
Method
To better understand Brecht's epic drama, we draw on Fredric Jameson's reinterpretation of the German playwright in Brecht and Method (1998). According to Jameson, Brecht plays the role of a historical catalyst and serves as an empowering model in the development of emergent non-Western dramas; besides, he facilitates realizing untapped potentialities of Eastern cultures and arts by people who have recently been liberated from European colonialism (p. 18). We believe Bahram Beyzaie’s Death of Yazdgerd is a perfect example of such unexplored possibilities.
Discussion
Beyzaie does not provide a definitive account of what actually happened to the Sassanid King and invites the audience to make their own inferences. This stress on uncertainty and the possibility of viewing a subject through multiple perspective enables Beyzaie to reinterpret the Iranian performing art such that it could meet the challenge of modernity, which he critically confronts “with an uncompromisingly secular gaze” (Dabashi 2001, p. 76).
In dealing with historical and mythical issues, Beyzaie—following Brecht—does not seek to merely relate how the last Sassanid King died; rather, one might hypothesize, he implies that the conventional xenophobic narrative—that a handful of backward and barbaric Arabs plundered Iran and ruled over its people—may not be necessarily true.
Beyzaie considers Brechtian alienation effect to have been the product of the East taken up by the West. He provides numerous techniques that traditional Persian drama has utilized to disabuse the audience of the notion that what they watch is reality, and thus it prevents them from identifying with the characters. This gesture induces a passive reaction in people and precludes any endeavor on their part to reform the society. This outlook, largely compatible with epic theater, underpins Death of Yazdgerd. One of the most characteristic techniques conductive to the realization of the alienation effect which has been exploited here and recommended by Brecht is the extensive use of masks. In Death of Yazdgerd masks and robes generally have been used effectively to illustrate that many deep-seated notions which have been taken for granted are indeed based on deceptive appearances and devoid of any substantial content. Transposition of the play into the past and using third-person point of view to narrate the events are two further suggestions made by Brecht for producing the alienation effect (1964, p. 138). In Beyzaie’s play, these techniques have been exploited throughout, for the entire play revolves around a historical event - i.e. the narrative of what happened to the late King after he entered the miller’s shack - which the characters as second players restage for the King’s men. In Death of Yazdgerd, theatricality is foregrounded, among others, through the stage directions that are explicitly mentioned, itself another technique proposed by Brecht (1964, p. 138).
Conclusion
Beyzaie’s Death of Yazdgerd is an cogent example of Pascale Casanova’s thesis that writers gain domestic and global recognition by, first, appropriating their national artistic tradition and, second, harnessing the international venues of the art in question (2004, pp. 40-41). In the case of the former, Beyzaie utilizes the indigenous genre of taqlid. As for the latter, we underscored the way Beyzaie appropriates Brecht’s epic theater in this play.
 
References
Brecht, B. (1964). Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic. Trans. John Willett. New York: Hill and Wang.
Beyzāie, B. (2014). Marg-e Yazdgerd: Majles-e Shahkoshi. 11^th ed. Tehrān: Enteshārāt-e Rowshangarān va Motāle’at-e Zanān. [In Persian]
---. (2015). Namāyesh dar Iran. 10^th ed. Tehrān: Enteshārāt-e Rowshangarān va Motāle’at-e Zanān. [In Persian]
Casanova, P. (2004). The World Republic of Letters. Trans. M. B. Debevoise. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Dabashi, H. (2001). Close up; Iranian Cinema, Past, Present and Future. New York: Verso.
Jameson, F. (1998). Brecht and Method. London: Verso.
 

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A solution culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance of 15 tomato genotypes in Hoagland’s nutrient solution with three levels of NaCl (0, 75, and 150 mM). The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three replicates. After 30 days of imposition of salt stress, gas exchange parameters including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, CO₂ assimilation rate, and intercellular CO₂ concentration were recorded and the harvested plants were characterized for growth (shoot/ longest root lengths and fresh/dry weights) and ionic characteristics (Na⁺, K⁺ and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio) parameters. All growth and gas exchange parameters decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. However, this decrease was less in salt-tolerant genotypes as compared to salt-sensitive genotypes. It was also observed that with the increasing NaCl concentration in the rooting medium, the amount of Na⁺ in the plant tissues increased while the amount of K⁺ ion decreased. Thus, it was concluded that the plants with more K⁺ absorbing ability, with high K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, and higher growth were more salt-tolerant. Also, the results showed that fresh and dry weights, gas exchange characteristics, and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio were very effective in determining salt tolerance of tomato. Considering the genotypes, Indent-1 and Nagina were characterized as salt tolerant and the Red Ball and Peto-86 as salt sensitive under saline conditions.

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Laser cutting is one of the modern methods for cutting. In this method heat affected zone width and microstructure changes as a result and also sheet deformation are very low in comparison to other thermal methods and a fine cut is the result. The control of heat-affected zone (HAZ) during laser cutting of titanium sheets due to low thermal conductivity and high tendency to chemical reaction is of great importance. In this paper, the effect of some of the most important laser cutting parameters, including the type of assistant inert gas, stand-off distance, cutting speed and power on HAZ width was assessed in CW CO2 laser cutting of Ti-CP sheets, using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. Metallography of the cut samples, effects of cutting parameters and optimal conditions of cutting were investigated. Taking into consideration the test results, it is suggested to select the highest possible cutting speed for thin Ti-CP sheets and provide the required severance energy by controlling the laser power. The use of helium instead of argon also showed a significant impact on the reduction of HAZ width. Finally, microstructure and hardness changes are presented.

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Time and perception are two major concerns of Woolf in many of her novels and short stories. Woolf as a modernist writer often tries in her fiction to find an epistemological solution to the problems of mortality and immortality, appearance and reality and diversity and unity and she succeeds, I think, by taking on a kind of perception that is intuitive and temporal. For her, true perception is time-bound, but like Bergson she divides time into mechanical and organic one. In her writing, she often associates symbolically the former with death and aridity and the latter with life and fertility, presenting them in the images, to name but a few of keyboard of a piano or alphabetical letters and tree or green shawl and dress, respectively. Evidently, in her views and the solution, she finds to the problems of time and perception Woolf is influenced by Bergson whose theory of time has also influenced so many other modernists. This paper elaborates on the relationship between time and perception in the works of Woolf, especially in her two major novels To the Lighthouse (1927) and Mrs Dalloway (1924) and her short story “An Unwritten Novel” (1921).

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As cities get more developed, they get more involved with various features of the topography, geomorphology. Thus the importance and necessity of identifying natural contexts for distinguishing and recognizing appropriate places for creating buildings is achieved through inappropriate places. This study aimed at probing: the development of Javanrood city with regard to natural and geomorphologic causes in the last three periods, determining the appropriate places for future development of the studied area, its identification, and spread.in so doing, at the first step nine effective criteria in developing an locating cities were considered by combining two AHP and FUZZY LOGIC models. First the mentioned criteria were given proper weight. Then each of layers was become between zero to one fuzzy spectrum through fuzzy factors programming in GIS software medium. Eventually, the product, sum and fuzzy Gama factors were performed to them. After that, the resulting map of Gama factor of 0.7 was prepared in 5 classes. The results show that the city had grown the most on geomorphologic causes in first period of development. Also in alliance with future city development, the most appropriate places (with high proportion) are more located in northwestern part of the city and constitutes 1.34 percent of the wholearea, which shows the spatial dissipation of this area, the most part of the region has a very little proportion for city development.

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The aim of this research was to study soil structural stability indices of clay loam soil treated with organic amendments, using High Energy Moisture Characteristic (HEMC). For this purpose, three sizes of soil aggregates (0.5-1, 1-2, and 2-4 mm) were treated with three rates (0, 1.5, and 3 %) of vermicompost and urban waste compost. After three months of incubation, water retention of the slow (2 mm hˉˡ) and fast (100 mm hˉ ˡ) wetted soil aggregates were measured at six pressure heads from 0 to 50 hPa, and HEMC stability indices such as Volume of Drainable Pores (VDP), Stability Index (SI), and Stability Ratio (SR) were determined. The results showed that only the stability of 0.5-1 mm aggregates was significantly (P< 0.01) affected by organic treatments. The stability indices were significantly influenced by the rates of amendments, and increased with increasing their rates. However, the type of organic amendments had no significant effect on stability of aggregates. The mean ​​of VDP, SI, and SR decreased by increasing diameter of the aggregates and decreasing the rate of the organic amendments, due to breakdown of macro-aggregates and decrease of macropore fraction. In general, to increase structure stability of clay loam soil in arid regions of Iran, application of at least 3% organic amendments is recommended.

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Today, in Iran, we are confronted with a somewhat new phenomenon called white marriage, which is also referred to as adherence, homosexuality, black or gray marriage. White marriage is called for a kind of cohabitation without religious or customary identity. This way of life is more prevalent in big cities, especially the capital, which does not mean we are not in cities. One of the groups most associated with this phenomenon is the student community. In this article, we examine the sociological explanation of white marriage formation among the student community of Tehran. Therefore, in this research, we have investigated this issue among 16 couples using an in-depth interpretive methodological approach (Grand Theory) with an in-depth interview technique. After completing interviews and reaching theoretical saturation and finally coding and analyzing data, the categories of "economic problems", "low expectations in these relationships against formal marriage", "emotional deficiency", hot disgrace (divorce and its consequences) as causal conditions, "anonymity", "migration", "individualism", "reduction in the number of marriages" as contextual variables, "discretionary choice", familiarity with homosexuality, "weakening of religious values "as confusing conditions," psychological and sexual support", "women's desire to have a relationship "," men's unwillingness to have a relationship", "diversity "as interactions, " white wedding limitations "," ontological insecurity "as consequences of this type of life were determined.