Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Estimating the Share of Agribusinesses in Iran's Gross Domestic Product and Aanalyzing the Reasons for Changes in Its Components 713 726 16949 10.22034/JAST.26.4.713 EN Z. Permeh Institute for Trade Studies and Research, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. O. Gilanpour Economics and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Since the 1960s and the reduction in the share of agricultural sector in GDP in different countries, based on extensive forward and backward linkages of the agricultural sector, the concept of agribusiness has been introduced to explain the valuable contribution of agriculture to the national economy. This paper estimates the share of agribusiness in gross domestic product using input-output tables for 1986, 1991, 2001, and 2016. The results showed that the contribution of agribusinesses to GDP was about 2.5 times that of agricultural production (the average share of agribusinesses in 1986-2016 was about 23%, while the corresponding figure for agricultural value added was 9.25%). In a similar trend to developing and developed countries, the share of agribusinesses in GDP had decreased from 27.2 to 17% in 1986-2016. However, the examination of the components of agribusinesses in Iran compared to other countries shows significant differences, which can be attributed to Iran's arid and semi-arid climate, low rate of capital formation, low productivity of production factors, as well as lack of participation in regional and global chains due to long-term sanctions imposed on the economy.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16949_2485d846dc142c8056986d6b551f5486.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Exploring the Entrepreneurial Readiness of Indian Agri – Graduates: Pathway to the Enhanced Entrepreneurial Ecosystem 727 740 16950 10.22034/JAST.26.4.727 EN S. Rathore ICAR- National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar Hyderabad- 500 030 (Telangana), India. S. Kumar Soam ICAR- National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar Hyderabad- 500 030 (Telangana), India. Y. Basavapatna Subbanna ICAR- National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar Hyderabad- 500 030 (Telangana), India. B. Shankar Sontakki ICAR- National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar Hyderabad- 500 030 (Telangana), India. R. Raghuvanshi ICAR- National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar Hyderabad- 500 030 (Telangana), India. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The ultimate aim of education in developing countries is to earn a livelihood. Agricultural Sciences is taught in India in more than 74 agricultural universities. This paper examines entrepreneurial readiness and aims to understand the various factors underlying the entrepreneurial readiness of agricultural students. Data from 422 students from 9 State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) in India formed the study sample. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to measure entrepreneurial readiness based on entrepreneurial intention, perceived ability, perceived attractiveness, entrepreneurial learning orientation, and passion for work. The correlation test revealed a positive correlation among all the variables, with correlation values ranging from 0.40 to 0.68. Most students (74.40%) had a medium level of entrepreneurial readiness. They were ambitious, willing to learn, and had the creativity, leadership, courage, and risk-bearing abilities required to be entrepreneurs. Regression analysis revealed that variables like gender, exposure to entrepreneurial training/workshops/seminars, and having an entrepreneur in the family are significant factors in entrepreneurial readiness. The findings help the agricultural universities' faculty and capacity building and training institutes design the contents of the entrepreneurship education programmes for agri-graduates to make them job providers rather than job seekers, thus contributing to an enhanced entrepreneurial ecosystem in agricultural universities.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16950_1d98e6ad3ed4f30afacadcf23fe145fa.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Capturing Managers and Experts’ Perspectives on Organizational Transformation in Iranian Fisheries Organization Using Q Methodology 741 757 16951 10.22034/JAST.26.4.741 EN S. Jalilian Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. A. Alambeigi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. N. Valizadeh Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the subjective patterns of managers and experts of Iranian Fisheries Organization regarding organizational transformation. The research was carried out with the participation of a number of managers and experts of the Fisheries Organization who were selected by a purposeful sampling approach. The main research method for collecting the required data was in-depth interview. After reviewing and summarizing 75 statements extracted from the interviews, 41 statements were finally selected as Q samples. After sorting Q statements, exploratory factor analysis and varimax rotation approach were employed to identify subjective patterns. The results revealed that five different subjective patterns can be identified among the managers and experts of the Iranian Fisheries Organization regarding the organizational transformation, which explained 72.87% of the total variance in the factor analysis model. The results of factor analysis indicated that the subjective patterns identified included participatory policies, capacity development and change management, appropriate organizational structures, incentives for change, and clarification of financial and administrative affairs. In the end, it was recommended that it was very important to develop more units and mechanisms within the organization for communication and interaction with other actors. Rereading and amending the regulations related to the support of the information system in the organization is an undeniable necessity that can develop and institutionalize the teamwork culture in the fisheries organization. In addition, the results of the present study can facilitate the organizational transformation and ultimately increase the success and responsiveness of the fisheries organization.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16951_74a14dc6be3d469770f53dd3fb93c6c4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Promoter Region Activity and Association Analysis of Promoter Region SNPs with Lactation Traits in Dairy Goats 759 770 16952 10.22034/JAST.26.4.759 EN Q. Li Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China. T. Chao Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China. R. Xuan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China. Y. Chu Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China. Sh. Wang Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China. M. Cheng Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institution, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China. P. Li Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institution, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China. Zh. Ji Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China. J. Wang Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) degrades the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), participates in mammary gland remodeling, and inhibits mammary epithelial cell apoptosis in goats. To investigate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the MMP9 promoter region, we analyzed the expression pattern of MMP9 in dairy goats by qRT‒PCR and cloned the promoter region by PCR. Deletion analysis indicated that the MMP9 gene core promoter region was located upstream of the transcription start site in the -715 bp to -926 bp region. We predicted three Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding sites in the MMP9 core promoter region, and performed targeted mutations on these three sites. The c.1863 G> A mutation in the MMP9 gene increased the promoter transcriptional activity and may be associated with an additional Serum Response Factor (SRF) transcription factor-binding site. Association analysis revealed that c.1863 G> A was significantly associated with milk fat percentage in dairy goats, which was significantly higher in goats with the AG genotype (4.71±0.02%) than in goats with the GG genotype (4.61±0.05%). This study lays a foundation for subsequent analysis of the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of MMP9 and exploration of its biological functions.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16952_55e0e14567b396c814a22eee053d34cc.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Monitoring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Vegetable Oils Consumed in Iran 771 785 16953 10.22034/JAST.26.4.771 EN Z. Piravi-Vanak Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. S. Nanvazadeh Oilseed Cultivation Development Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. F. Shavakhi Department of Food Science, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. Z. Taghvaee Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Concentrations and profiles of 15 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) of six different edible oils consumed in Iran markets (oils of olive, sesame, coconut, sunflower, frying and blend oil) were studied. The evaluated edible oils in the present study have not previously been analyzed concerning their contents of PAH compounds. PAHs of 207 edible oil samples were determined and quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Spectrofluorometric Detector (HPLC/FLD). The results revealed that the highest content of total PAHs was in coconut oil group (46.8 µg kg-1), followed by blend oil (22.48 µg kg-1), frying oil (20.67 µg kg-1), sesame oil (19.92 µg kg-1), olive oil (18.4 µg kg-1) and sunflower oil (17.6 µg kg-1). The light PAHs (Naphthalene, Acenaphtene, Phenantherern, Antrathene, and Fluorene) had the highest portion of PAHs concentration. Benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 contents (Benz[a]anthracene+Chrysene+Benzo[b]fluoranthene+Benzo[a]pyrene) were ND-1.32 µg kg-1 and 0.14-9.2 µg kg-1, respectively; coconut oil had the highest content. In general, the highest values of Benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 were not higher than the maximum allowable values of 2 and 10 in any sample, respectively. However, due to the significant content of total PAHs in some vegetable oils, such as coconut oil, it is necessary to determine the limits and evaluate it in the national standard and regulations of the country.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16953_8644904d5b64c5c3111996d2d545ca9d.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Agroecological Intensification of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivation for Sustainable and Increased Productivity in Torbat-e Heydariyeh Region, Iran 787 804 16954 10.22034/JAST.26.4.787 EN F. Moallem Banhangi Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1163, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. P. Rezvani Moghaddam Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1163, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. S. Khorramdel Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1163, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. Nassiri Mahallati Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1163, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The first step to achieving ecological sustainability and intensification in agricultural systems is to have a comprehensive agroecological analysis of agricultural systems. This research analyzed the agroecological ecosystem of potato cultivation in the Torbat-e Heydariyeh Region of Iran over fifteen years (2001-2016). Based on the results, potato yield increased by 0.28 t ha-1 yr-1. The average potential yield of potato was calculated by the FAO method to be 64 t.ha-1. Also, the potential yield did not increase significantly during the study period. The average yield gap of potato was calculated to be 32.44 t ha-1. Also, with increasing yield, the yield gap showed a decreasing trend. The ecosystems experienced a steady rise in intensification, and the stability decreased. It was observed that although nitrogen fertilizer application was increased, its efficiency dropped from 110 kg tuber per kg of nitrogen fertilizer to 70 kg. Due to the decreasing trend of NUpE (Nitrogen uptake efficiency) and NUE (Nitrogen use efficiency) during the studied years, the NUE gap was the main factor in increasing nitrogen consumption, increasing intensification, and reducing stability in the studied systems. Therefore, changing the management method to increase the efficiency of nitrogen consumption can be suggested as the first step for moving towards ecological intensification and improving the sustainability of potato production systems.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16954_d07a5a3f01fc342462e15c4cfdf8039e.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Analysis of the Genotype by Environment Interactions of Sugar Beet Genotypes under Rhizomania Contamination 805 817 16955 10.22034/JAST.26.4.805 EN P. Fasahat Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. J. Rezaei Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Islamic Republic of Iran. M. Sharifi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Islamic Republic of Iran. H. Azizi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Islamic Republic of Iran. K. Fotuhi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Islamic Republic of Iran. P. Mahdikhani Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran A. Pedram Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran A. Jalilian Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Islamic Republic of Iran. B. Babaei Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The sugar beet crop has always been attacked by various pests and diseases. Rhizomania viral disease, which has spread in different regions of sugar beet cultivation, has become a disease of prime importance for the crop in the last three decades. Resistant cultivar usage is the only reliable way to manage rhizomania disease. In order to identify promising genotypes, eleven sugar beet genotypes with natural infection to rhizomania, in a company with three controls, were assessed in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The experiment was conducted in six research stations of Karaj, Khoy, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Miandoab, and Shiraz for two cropping seasons (2020 and 2021). Based on the rhizomania score, all genotypes had acceptable resistance to the disease. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis illustrated that the first five principal components were significant and specified 88.8% of the total genotype by environment interaction variance. Gen-7, Gen-10, Gen-11, and Gen-2 were selected as stable genotypes based on the AMMI model. Genotype plus Genotype by Environment Interaction (GGE) biplot results also confirmed the superiority of Gen-10 and Gen-11 regarding sugar yield and stability in disease-infected environments. According to the results of the Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI), genotypes Gen-4, Gen-1, Gen-2, and Gen-11 were identified as stable genotypes under rhizomania-infected conditions. By applying different stability measurement methods, in addition to identifying the genotypes’ adaptation to different environments, accurate decisions for future breeding or cultivar registration can be achieved.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16955_5b8ac1bf8013b0204a2c0e1988aafe75.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Changes in the Vegetation Properties Depending on the Distance to an Industrial Facility: Example of Pumice Mining Dust 819 831 16956 10.22034/JAST.26.4.819 EN S. Erkovan Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey. S. Severoglu Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Turkey. M. K. Gullap Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Turkey. H. Erkovan Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey. A. Koc Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Mining areas have become a major environmental problem for developing countries due to their undesirable effects of dust pollution and digging operations. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dust emitted from pumice mining areas on canopy coverage, functional plant groups and seed bank, and growth performance of common plants in areas surrounding the mining. Canopy coverage increased with decreasing dust accumulation, while dust led to different effects on functional plant groups and seed bank. The height and the bunch of Festuca ovina L., the dominant plant species, increased with distance from the dust center. Dust emission on natural environment must be reduced by using appropriate technologies during operation to minimize its negative effects.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16956_94afdfcb8cc1df4eecc676fba0c3c6b8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Changes in Total Sugar, Ascorbic Acid, Alpha-Tocopherol and Beta-Carotene Contents of Rosehip Fruits Based on Harvest Times 833 846 16957 10.22034/JAST.26.4.833 EN M. Gunes Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey. U. Dolek Gokhoyuk S. Cemalettin Ozdemir Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School, Amasya, Turkey. Journal Article 1970 01 01 This study was conducted to determine the changes in total sugar, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and β-carotene content of fresh fruits of rosehip species during ripening, for three years. Fruits of selected genotypes belonging to Rosa dumalis, R.canina and R.villosa were used. Fruits were harvested in six different times based on hyphantium color change or flesh softening. The total sugars of R.dumalis, R.canina, and R.villosa fruits ranged between 11.22-16.68, 9.28-13.90, and 9.28-16.31%, respectively. Also, ascorbic acids varied between 767.1-1324.9, 168.7-481.5 and 241.2-574.2 mg 100 g-1, respectively; α-tocopherols ranged between 5.87-10.25, 5.29-10.04 and 2.74-11.65 mg 100 g-1, and β-carotenes varied between 0.18-2.03, 0.34-2.42 and 0.49-3.62 mg 100 g-1, respectively. Total sugar, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and β-carotene content linearly increased depending on ripening time. Relationships between total sugar and vitamins were significant. It was concluded that harvest should be delayed as much as possible in order to obtain fruits with high content of total sugar and the main components of vitamins.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16957_c08801e8fe6cc49c3f4c80588829282a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Genetic Divergence for Different Yield Attributing Traits in Okra [Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench] Genotypes Grown in Himalayan Foothills Region 847 860 16958 10.22034/JAST.26.4.847 EN S. Kumar Yadav Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar-143121, India. U. Kumar Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar-143121, India. 0000-0002-9881-1076 K. Prasad Department of Horticulture, TCA Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar-843121, India. Sh. Maurya Pot-Graduate Department of Horticulture, PGCADr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, PUSAMinistry of Agriculture, Government of India. N. Saroj Department of Horticulture, Post-Graduate College of Agriculture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar-143121, India. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The Himalayan foothills region of India is rich in the genetic diversity of okra, which is yet to be explored for its genetic divergence. To envisage the genetic diversity of this un-explored varietal collection, the genetic divergence among 25 genotypes of okra was estimated using Mahalanobis D2 statistic. The indigenous and exotic lines were grouped into 6 clusters using Tocher’s methods. Results revealed that a higher number of genotypes were recorded under cluster I (19) and cluster IV (2), while cluster II, III, V and VI were mono-genotypic. A higher intra- cluster distance was observed between clusters I (13.42) and IV (7.47), whereas, a higher inter-cluster distance was found between clusters III and VI (111.03). The traits viz, Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) incidence (44.67 %) were contributing the highest towards the total genetic divergence. The present study revealed the detailed genetic divergence for different yield-attributing traits in okra. This study presents a strong basis for the selection and evolving of better recombinants for hybridization and quality improvement programme. This research bear utility in the form of germplasm conservation and crop improvement for selected indigenous/exotic genotypes grown in Himalayan foothills.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16958_7f6d50e3bd910613453258dbfa30521d.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Genome-Wide Association Mapping Revealed SNP Alleles Associated with Resistance to Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) in Wheat 861 872 16959 10.22034/JAST.26.4.861 EN Z. Majd Taheri Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Z. Tanha Maafi Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. K. Nazari Regional Cereal Rust Research Center, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, P.K. 9, Menemen, Izmir, Turkey. K. Zaynali Nezhad Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran. F. Rakhshandehroo Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. A. Dababat International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Emek, Ankara, Turkey. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Resistance traits are economically important in crops in terms of accessibility to promising resistant germplasm. This study was conducted to evaluate SNP marker-trait association for Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN), Heterodera filipjevi, in a large number of natural bread wheat populations. Phenotypic data analyzed using GLM (Generalized Linear Model) indicated significant differences among the landrace accessions for resistance to H. filipjevi. The genotyping was performed by 152K SNP chip on 188 accessions. After filtering, 10,471 polymorphic SNPs were employed for Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Population structure among the wheat genotypes were investigated using 840 well distinct SNP markers. Two sub-populations were revealed by structure software, and eleven markers were found to be significantly (P-value< 0.001) associated with resistance to H. filipjevi on chromosomes 2A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5D, and 6B. The linkage disequilibrium analysis for all significantly associated SNPs showed that markers on chromosomes 4A and 4B were in high intra-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium, and, consequently, eight markers were recommended as strongly associated with resistance to H. filipjevi. The present study demonstrated valuable sources of resistance in the studied wheat genotypes against a widespread and important species of CCNs. The associated markers could be used in molecular breeding programs of bread wheat.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16959_a39911c27bc4f0f6bb476b41c29f4a72.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Herbicidal and Insecticidal Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic and Soil Fungi 873 884 16960 10.22034/JAST.26.4.873 EN S. Abdelgaleil Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt. Y. Shiono Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan. N. E. M. Taktak Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. M. M. G. Saad Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Fungi are a good source for lead molecules in drug discovery and development. However, many compounds derived from fungi were not evaluated for their bioactivity against economic, agricultural, and public health pests. Twelve fungal secondary metabolites (1-12) were evaluated for herbicidal activity against Silybum marianum and insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens larvae. Among the tested metabolites, brefeldin A (6) and 6-eopxy-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-one (11) showed potent herbicidal activity against S. marianum with complete inhibition of seed germination at 500 mg L−1. Compound 6 revealed an exceptional herbicidal activity as it caused complete inhibition of root growth and strong reduction in shoot growth (I = 74.5%) and germination (10.0%) at 25 mg L−1. In addition, dehydroaustin (9), phomaxanthone A (4) and deacetylphomaxanthone A (5) displayed a potent toxicity against fourth larval instar of C. pipiens with LC50 values of 3.27, 57.03 and 63.50 mg L−1, respectively. Based on the results of this study, compounds 4-6, 9 and 11 should be developed as natural pesticides.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16960_e3c87529e817b9f8468c02ee8c81ed89.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Response of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars to Deficit Irrigation: Anatomical Changes and Catalase Gene Expression 885 896 16961 10.22034/JAST.26.4.885 EN H. Mohajjel Shoja Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. T. Khezriani Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. Kolahi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. Kazemian Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. E. Mohajel Kazemi Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. Yazdi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Drought alters plant metabolic processes resulting in some changes at the anatomical and morphological levels. Experiments were conducted to determine the morphologic and anatomic responses of two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cultivars CaljN3 and Superstrain B) to different irrigation regimes [100, 75, 50, and 25% of Field Capacity (FC)]. Catalase 1 (CAT1) gene expression was investigated by real-time RT-qPCR and protein interaction studies in tomatoes. Drought stress caused an increase in the number of vessels in roots and stems of both cultivars. The diameter of vascular cylinders in roots of the control plants (both cultivars) was larger. Expression of the CAT1 gene did not show any significant difference in the CaljN3 cultivar under drought conditions. However, expression of the CAT1 gene indicated a significant increase in Superstrain B cultivar at the 50 and 25% FC treatments. The gene network showed that this protein interacts with superoxide dismutase, acyl-CoA oxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. CaljN3 cultivars and showed more tolerance than Superstrain B at all levels of drought treatment. Therefore, Superstrain B is considered a susceptible cultivar under drought conditions. This suggested that the defense against oxidative stress may initiate one step before the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, tomato plant tries to fight the stress factor by activating proteins, especially channels, pumps, and some cellular messengers.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16961_b8d889c4e9b34bc7dc7a93a2a9a91070.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Infecting Peach (Prunus persica L.) in the Pothwar Region of Pakistan 897 908 16962 10.22034/JAST.26.4.897 EN M. Saeed Department of Plant Pathology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture, University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. T. Mukhtar Wheat Research Sub-Station Murree, Pakistan. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and severity of root-knot nematodes in peach orchards in the Pothwar Region of Pakistan. Thirty-seven peach orchards were surveyed in the region and root and soil samples were collected from 10 randomly selected plants in each orchard for analysis. In the region, an overall incidence rate of 19.8% and a prevalence rate of 65.7% of root-knot nematodes were observed. The district Attock exhibited the highest prevalence rate of 71.43% and incidence rate of 34.29%. Conversely, the district Islamabad displayed the lowest prevalence rate of 50.5% and incidence rate of 10%. The surveys encountered five distinct peach varieties, and Early Grand had the highest prevalence (85.71%) of root-knot nematodes while Local Aroo showed the lowest (50%). Florida Gold and Aroo-5 were not infested with root-knot nematodes. In the region, peach trees were found to be infected by two types of root-knot nematodes, namely, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica., which was more prevalent than M. incognita, and it dominated all districts, except for Attock, where M. incognita was dominant. M. incognita was not present in Islamabad district. The occurrence of M. incognita and M. javanica as single populations were observed in 26.09 and 43.48% of orchards, respectively, while mixed populations were found in 30.43% of peach orchards. The overall galling index of the root-knot nematodes was 1.33, with the highest index in Attock and the lowest in Islamabad districts. Among the different peach cultivars, the Early Grand cultivar exhibited the maximum galling index, whereas no galling index was observed in the Florida Gold and Aroo-5 cultivars. It is recommended that stringent control strategies should be adopted to prevent the spread of nematodes to new plantations and to eradicate them from established orchards.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16962_bdee0997d3fb6be8515a432051fe4e5c.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Impact of Cold Exposure on the Mortality of Tuta absoluta Pupae 909 917 16963 10.22034/JAST.26.4.909 EN S. Dehghani Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. A. Mikani Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 0000-0002-8482-0211 M. Mehrabadi Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. S. Moharramipour Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta is a devastating invasive pest that poses a serious threat to tomato crops worldwide. Its extensive global dispersion serves its capacity to adapt to variations in climate conditions. In this context, the pupa is the most resistant stage to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Therefore, indicators of cold resistance were studied in overwintering pupae collected from the field and pupae reared under two constant conditions, high temperature, and long day (25°C, 16:8 L:D and 65±5% RH), and low temperature and short day (15°C, 13:11 L:D and 65±5% RH). The results show that the super cooling point (SCP) significantly decreased in December (-20.5±1.2°C) and January (-20.26±0.78°C) with a decrease in temperature. In the laboratory, the decrease in temperature and photoperiod increased the tolerance of pupae to subzero temperatures. Lethal Temperature 50 (LT50) and LT90 of pupae collected in the field were recorded at -13.70 to -10.23°C and -18.73 to -15.37°C, respectively. A comparison of lethal temperatures with the lowest ambient temperature in December and January indicated that T. absoluta has a high overwintering potential in Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran, and can easily survive cold winters.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16963_b6b216f2585250a7072b841a43a6c40e.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 4 2024 07 01 Exploration and Characterization of Superior Locals Durian in Two Sub-Districts of Malang, East Java, Indonesia 919 926 16964 10.22034/JAST.26.4.919 EN S. Ashari Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, 65145, Indonesia. E. M. Bayu Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, 65145, Indonesia. E. Fidiyawati Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta- Bogor, 16915, Indonesia. W. M. Mahayu Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta- Bogor, 16915, Indonesia. T. Sudaryono Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta- Bogor, 16915, Indonesia. S. Purnama Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta- Bogor, 16915, Indonesia. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Durian production centers in East Java areas are quite numerous, two of which are Kasembon and Ngantang Subdistricts, Malang District. In these areas, most durian trees are propagated from seeds. This research aimed to determine the genetic diversity by exploration and characterization of superior types, using descriptive method. Determination of samples in the study using a non-probability sampling design with a purposive sampling method. The research was conducted by characterizing the qualitative and quantitative morphological characters from fruit, leaves, and trees. The characters identified are 81. Characterization of the durian types was made based on the guidebook description from Bioversity International. Quantitative data was used for descriptive statistical analysis. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averaging (UPGMA) method using NTSYS version 2.02 software. The results of the research showed that local superior durians from Kasembon and Ngantang Subdistrict had diverse characteristics. Diversity are in the character of fruits, leaves, and trees. The genetic distance among superior durians was 0.109–0.343. Some of durian accessions observed such as Vodca and Kunir Amad had the potential to be registered as regional assets or as local superior cultivars.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16964_7c7b8ecb4103d42ead56a8849982855b.pdf