Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Forecasting Sugar Beet Production in Turkey Using the Box-Jenkins Method 1 11 16900 10.22034/JAST.26.1.1 EN D. Sarica Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Türkiye. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Turkey is a favourable country for sugar beet production due to its climate and soil composition, and it holds a significant position among the countries producing sugar beet. Therefore, in this study, an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) was used to project the sugar beet production values for Turkey over the next ten years. The most effective model structure [ARIMA (2, 1, 3)] was created for this purpose using data from 1925 to 2020. The years 2019 and 2020 were utilized as the model’s validation years. When the observed and expected sugar beet production values are compared, the data indicates that the predicted values are slightly lower than the actual ones. The results also show that by 2030, sugar beet production in Turkey would reach 20.5 million tons. This research may help policymakers plan for the storage, export, or import of sugar beets. Also, by using these data, resource waste can be avoided.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16900_54d303c9ddc2a43df23563254885d936.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Application of Complexity Theory and Agricultural Innovation System Approaches to Evaluate Performance of the New Agricultural Extension System: The Case of Iran 13 26 16901 10.22034/JAST.26.1.13 EN N. Jafari Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. E. Karami Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University M. Keshavarz Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Sh. Karami Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. H. Azadi Department of Geography, Gent University, Belgium Journal Article 1970 01 01 A well-designed Agricultural Extension System (AES) can facilitate transitions towards sustainable agriculture. However, in most developing countries, AES has failed to promote sustainable agricultural development. The New Agricultural Extension System (NAES) was initiated to facilitate agricultural development in Iran. However, there is still no definite reflection on the influences of NAES on agricultural development. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the performance of NAES. To ensure an integrative and holistic analysis of the NAES’s performance, the Complexity Theory (CT) and Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) approaches were used. To gather data, survey research was conducted in Fars Province, southern Iran. A multi-stage random sampling was used to identify the designated extension agents. The findings indicated that effective implementation of the NAES needs facilitated interaction through network mediation ( X = 71.6), creation of an enabling context for the delivery of extension services ( X = 66.6), improved communication and marketing infrastructures ( X = 72), development of a value chain ( X = 71.4), acceptance of self-organization ( X = 67.8) and adoption of complexity-aware management ( X = 66). The results also identified the hindering effects of demographic, structural and psychological factors on the practical application of CT and AIS principles. Some recommendations and implications are offered to improve the effectiveness of NAES.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16901_0181dbcc3606f670bbe50f984967f358.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Empowerment of Trainees in Agricultural Schools for the Development of Professional Performance 27 40 16902 10.22034/JAST.26.1.27 EN S. Pazoki Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. S. Sabouri Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Islamic Republic of Iran. E. Danaee Department of Horticultural Science, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Islamic Republic of Iran. A. R. Ommani Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 This research aimed to explore the empowerment of trainees of agricultural schools for the development of their professional performance. It was a survey study. The statistical population was composed of all trainees studying in agricultural schools in Iran in the 2020-2021 educational year, amounting to 1,119 students, out of whom 169 trainees were sampled by simple randomization. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of the schools, the questionnaires were sent and received by e-mail from the provinces of Tehran, Khuzestan, Fars, Qazvin, Mazandaran, and Semnan. Data were analyzed by the structural equation method using Smart PLS3. Based on the results, the educational content, educational process, management process, technical trainer development, and supply of space, equipment, and technology in agricultural schools have positive and significant effects on the empowerment of trainees in these schools. The standardized path coefficients revealed that the educational content directly accounted for 67.2% of the variance in the trainees’ empowerment. Also, 39.9, 31.1, 30.2, and 29.8% of the variance in the Iranian trainee’s empowerment were captured by the educational process, management process, technical trainer development, and the supply of space, equipment, and technology, respectively.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16902_19d68f6ca8cc5e2a52ade5516d359e52.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Identifying Attractive Fisheries-Tourism Activities in the Caspian Sea Coastline: Using Delphi Technique 41 56 16903 10.22034/JAST.26.1.41 EN J. Pariab Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. E. Abbasi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 0000-0002-5238-7185 H. Sadighi Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Sh. Choobchian Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 0000-0003-2750-1094 H. Hosseinzadeh Sahafi Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Fisheries tourism is one of the types of tourism that has not received much attention in Iran, despite its good status. The benefits of the tourism industry with the high potential of the fisheries and fishing industry can provide an ideal option to connect the two industries in order to leave the difficult conditions of the fishery areas and move toward development. The first step in planning for fisheries tourism development is to accurately identify the potentials and fisheries' attractions to absorb tourists. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the tourists’ attractions of fisheries using a qualitative methodology with an exploratory approach. This research was applied in terms of purpose, and is descriptive and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this study was relevant subject experts. Using the purposeful snowball sampling method, 23 experts were selected to determine the panel of the experts based on their subject expertise, experiences, and the theoretical adequacy principle. In three rounds, the attractiveness and attractive fisheries activities for tourism were identified using the Delphi technique. In the first round of Delphi, 30 attractions and attractive activities for fisheries tourism were introduced by experts. After the removal of the less important items in the second and third round of Delphi, finally, the consensus was reached about 12 attractions of fisheries tourism, in three categories of fishing and fishery, fisheries industries, and coastal aquaculture.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16903_aff9f10fb217690e970068c85ca78c49.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Theoretical Model for Extension Education to Decrease Agricultural Waste to Secure Agricultural Development in Mazandaran Province, Iran 57 71 16904 10.22034/JAST.26.1.57 EN I. Malakmohammadi Karaj, Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Daneshkadeh Ave, R242+WJQ V. Mirzapour Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. S. M. Hosseini Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 This research was conducted with the aim of designing a strategic extension-education theoretical model for agricultural waste management to sustain agricultural development in Mazandaran Province. The statistical population of this study included experts, gardeners, and farmers in Mazandaran Province, among whom 30 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and snowball technique. A semi-structured interview was conducted to collect research data. The data collection process continued until the theoretical saturation level. A qualitative data analysis was performed using MAXQDA12 software. Analyzing this model showed that factors affecting agricultural waste generation consisted of five categories as, respectively, farming practice, market and transportation, processing procedures, agricultural and natural and support policies, based on their impact factors. In addition, 12 factors within these categories affected the establishment of agricultural waste management extension education were identified. Based on their impact factors in the model, these categories included class participation, food processing industry development and expansion, general knowledge and information about agricultural waste, appropriate farming practice education, educational workshop participation, farm visits, farmers and gardeners education, listening to the radio and TV educational programs, group discussion participation, transfer of new applied waste management technologies, and contact with agricultural extension agents, respectively. Therefore, it is highly recommended to put in action the theoretical model provided in this research for the sake of agricultural development in Mazandaran, Iran.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16904_b92d0fcbc8d2624a2ea66907feb8d8de.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Growth Response and Color Brightness of Betta Fish (Betta splendens (Regan, 1910)) Supplemented by Spirulina Powder from Algae Arthrospira maxima (Setchell and N. L. Gardner 1917)) 73 83 16905 10.22034/JAST.26.1.73 EN M. Petala Patria Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. S. Prima Amanda Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. H. Susanti Applied Microbiology, Life & Environmental Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia. D. Susilaningsih Applied Microbiology, Life & Environmental Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia. T. Taufikurahman School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia. Journal Article 1970 01 01 As a fighting fish and ornamental fish, the growth and color brightness of Betta fish (Betta splendens) are critical to be maintained in good conditions. Spirulina Powder (SP) from a blue-green microalga Arthrospira maxima is a nutrient source that can increase the performance of the fish. The research aimed to determine the effect of A. maxima in increasing brightness and growth in Betta fish. The experiment used a completely randomized design consisting of a control and three treatment groups with the addition of 5, 10, and 15% SP, respectively. The absolute weight, growth rate, and relative growth were assessed to evaluate the growth performance. In addition, the color brightness, blue color relative brightness, and blue chanel ratio were evaluated using image processing software. The results indicated that adding 15% SP significantly increased the growth and color brightness of Beta fish. Meanwhile, the blue-color change in fish is slightly different among all treatments. Based on this research, SP that contained carotenoids is a potential source for enhancing the color brightness of Betta fish.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16905_82ce5ed14ce2278cbf483067765be069.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Changes in Bioactive Compounds, Decay Rate, and Chilling Injury of Pumpkin Stored at Different Temperatures 85 95 16906 10.22034/JAST.26.1.85 EN A. Gulyuz Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey. A. Dogan Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey. B. Peker Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey. M. Erkan Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The effects of storage temperature on bioactive compounds, decay, and chilling injury development of pumpkins during cold storage and shelf-life periods were examined. In the present study, fruits were stored at 3°C, 8°C, and ambient temperature (control) for 180 days and, after that, fruits were stored at 20°C for 7 days to determine shelf-life performance. The lowest weight loss was found in the fruit stored at 3°C during cold storage while the highest flesh firmness was found on the fruit stored at 8°C. Total soluble solids, L-ascorbic acid and glucose contents were found to be higher in the fruit stored at 3°C compared to other storage temperatures. The highest total carotenoid content and the lowest decay incidence were recorded by the fruit stored at 3 and 8°C. Fruit stored at 3°C showed better quality parameters as compared to other temperatures under study. Although 3°C was better to protect the biochemical composition of pumpkin fruits, decay rate increased at this temperature due to chilling injury. It is concluded that the storage temperature of 8 °C was optimum to maintain fruit quality and biochemical contents and to inhibit decay during long-term storage of pumpkins.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16906_068190eec8a5bd9ac8b4634d95e97307.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Impact of Different Crop Production Systems on Insect Pests’ Incidence, Soil Microflora and Quality of Spring Tomato under North-Indian Conditions 97 109 16907 10.22034/JAST.26.1.97 EN K. S. Suri Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India. D. Singh Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India. R. Kooner Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India. Sh. Kalra Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India. G. Singh Makkar Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India. K. Deosi Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The impact of different crop production systems was investigated on incidence of insect pests and their natural enemies, soil microflora and enzymatic activity, and quality of fruits produced in spring planted tomato at Ludhiana, Punjab, during 2017 to 2019. Production systems included conventional farming whereby indiscriminate and excessive use of agrochemicals is practiced, organic farming, and farming following Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) with IPM adoption. Higher Aphis gossypii and Helicoverpa armigera infestation was observed in organic fields followed by IPM and conventional fields. Aphid population showed a negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature but a positive correlation with relative humidity, while the tomato fruit borer showed a positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature but negative correlation with relative humidity and rainfall. The mean fruit yield in the farming system following IPM was maximum (50120 Kg ha-1) followed by conventional farmers’ fields (408.1 q/ha) and organic fields (403.9 q/ha). The mean spider population under organic conditions (0.39-0.56) was significantly higher than that of IPM (0.26-0.36) and conventional farmers’ fields (0.02-0.10). Soil samples from conventional fields revealed the presence of quinalphos and chlorpyriphos, while tomato fruit samples showed the presence of triazophos and mancozeb during 2017 and 2018. In 2017, the flavonoids and percent antioxidant activity in fruits from organic field were higher. The bacterial count in organic and IPM field soil increased from 5.4×107 and 4.9×107 CFU g-1 in 2017 to, respectively, 7.1×107 and 6.5×107 CFU g-1 in 2019. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and urease was highest in organic fields.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16907_47cc8fbdaeacd8c1d9fe325b11e0287e.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Molecular Mechanism of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) via Meta-Analysis of Transcriptome Data 111 126 16908 10.22034/JAST.26.1.111 EN M. Alamholo Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Modern Technology, Rojava University, Qamishlo, Syria. A. Tarinejad Department of Biotechnology, Halophyte Biotechnology Research Centre, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Salt stress, as the most important abiotic stress, limits growth of plants and causes extensive damage to agricultural production worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to identify genes that play a key role in tolerance to salt stress in plants through the analysis of transcriptome data such as microarray and High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS or NGS). In the present research, the combined analysis of microarray data by R packages for Hordeum vulgare L. under salinity stress identified 685 upregulated meta-DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and 766 downregulated meta-DEGs. The upregulated genes mostly belong to abiotic stress tolerance and hormone biosynthesis, and the downregulated genes pertain to late embryogenesis abundant protein and salinity stress response. GO terms in the upregulated genes are mostly associated with response to external and internal stresses; and in the downregulated genes, they are mostly associated with cellular metabolism. In the up and down meta-DEGs by KEGG, most of the genes connected to salinity stress included PP2C, ABF, AGT, and ChiB and F-box connected to the downregulated genes. Moreover, Transcription Factors (TFs) in the up and downregulated meta-DEGs with high frequency included AP2, ERF, bZIP, and bHLH. Most of the hub upregulated genes acquired from this research were metabolite biosynthesis and photosynthesis-related; and the hub downregulated genes were mainly the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis processes-related. Finally, a comparison was made between this meta-analysis and data obtained from other investigations. The findings validated their up and down expression. Our results give a new understanding about the molecular mechanism and present many TFs and candidate genes for salt stress tolerance in barley breeding programs.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16908_a1395df0a1abc218eb63b3addbdd1693.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Morphological Variability and Yield Traits in Softneck Garlics 127 138 16909 10.22034/JAST.26.1.127 EN G. Beşirli Department of Agronomy and Vegetable Breeding, Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute, Yalova, Turkiye. Journal Article 1970 01 01 To improve garlic breeding, it is important to determine the morphological differences between garlic genotypes of local origin. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic diversity of Turkish softneck garlic (Allium sativum L. sub. var. sativum) genotypes using morphological traits determined based on International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) descriptors. Twenty-six garlic genotypes were characterized using 15 quantitative morphological characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four principal components explained 84.58% of the total variation among the 26 garlic genotypes. The characters with the greatest contribution to variability were identified as Plant Height (PH), Pseudostem Diameter (PSD), Leaf Length (LL), Leaf Width (LW), Bulb Weight (BW), Yield (Y), Bulb Height (BH), Bulb Diameter (BD), Clove Height (CH), Bulb Height/Bulb Diameter ratio (BH/BD), Vumber of Cloves (NC), Clove Weight (CW), Clove Width (CWi), and Clove Thickness (CT). Significant differences were observed in the quantitative traits of garlic genotypes. As a result of the study, AS14 stood out for its clove weight, length, width, and thickness, while AS13 had the highest bulb weight and yield. The present findings could be reliably used in the development of new garlic varieties.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16909_bad815642779b6e483ae2e3ace29e419.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Impact of Higher Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Elevated Temperatures on the Growth of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in Turkey 139 149 16910 10.22034/JAST.26.1.139 EN Y. Karaman Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Malatya, Turkey. N. Tursun Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Malatya, Turkey. A. Uludag Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, Canakkale, Turkey. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) is one of the worst weeds in Turkey as well as worldwide. Climate change, with increasing temperature and concentrations of greenhouse gases and unpredictable extreme weather events, has been among the foremost problems of the world. The effect of climate change on crop husbandry and weeds is to be investigated. The effect of rising temperature and CO2 on different populations of C. arvensis was studied under greenhouse conditions in the Malatya Province of Turkey, in 2019. For this study, the weed seeds were collected from 14 provinces throughout Turkey during 2018. Two temperature regimes (day/night 26/16°C and 29/19°C) and two CO2 levels (400±50 and 800±50 ppm) were used. Plant aboveground length, root length, and dry weights of root, aboveground parts, and total plant were not affected by temperature, CO2, and seed source. However, seed source affected root length differently depending on temperature and root length, and root dry weight as affected by CO2 level. In addition, seed source and temperature showed significant effect on measured parameters, while no significant effect was determined for CO2.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16910_9f2101dd2222c9e8a3ec8d116da3b40a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Potential Effects of Aloe vera Gel on Maintaining the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Lime Fruits (Citrus aurantifolia) in Cold Storage 151 163 16911 10.22034/JAST.26.1.151 EN M. Yousefi Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran. 0000-0003-4026-7220 F. Nazoori Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran. 0000-0003-4026-7220 S. H. Mirdehghan Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. H. Shamshiri Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two concentrations of Aloe vera gel (7.5 and 15%) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of lime during storage time (20, 40, and 60 days). The study was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. After dipping (5 minutes) and drying, the fruits were packaged in low-density polyethylene containers and transferred to cold storage at 4±1°C and 85±2% relative humidity. The results showed a decrease in fruit sourness and aroma and an increase in fruit bitterness during storage. The highest rate of chilling injury and decay belonged to the control. Aloe vera gel 15% had the lowest fruit bitterness (30%), decay, and malondialdehyde compared to the control on day 60 of storage. The Aloe vera gel enhanced peroxidase activity as an antioxidant enzyme and decreased defense-related enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. The maximum vitamin C was related to Aloe vera gel 15%. According to the results, Aloe vera gel, could not effectively control weight loss and firmness. During 60 days of storage, compared to the control, Aloe vera gel 15% increased Chroma index (2.07%) and vitamin C (26.37%), and prevented decay (100%), chilling injury (25.75%), bitterness (42.85%), and malondialdehyde (35.80%) of lime fruit.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16911_fb5c77496f3d3e72161c712f87005a6a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Role of Exogenous Elicitors in Canola Plant Defense against Cabbage Aphid by Regulating Physiological Balance and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis 165 176 16912 10.22034/JAST.26.1.165 EN M. Shahrokhy Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. Pahlavan Yali Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. Bozorg-Amirkalaee Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Induced resistance in plants can be manipulated using the application of elicitors. In this study, the effects of Salicylic Acid (SA), chitosan, γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Serenad Aso (Bacillus subtilis QST713), and combined application of these elicitors were studied on the resistance of canola to cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The number of B. brassicae attracted to canola plants treated with different inducers was significantly lower compared to the control in the field experiments. The lowest population density of aphid was observed on plants treated with SA+GABA and SA+chitosan. Moreover, the highest amounts of glucosinolates in canola leaves were recorded in SA+GABA treatment. The contents of sugar, lipid, and glycogen of B. brassicae were lowest when fed on the plants treated with SA integrated with GABA or chitosan. Furthermore, the activity of catalase, esterase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes was the lowest in SA+GABA and SA+chitosan. These findings suggest that exogenous application of SA integrated with GABA or chitosan on canola plants are successful in suppressing the B. brassicae population and can be considered in integrated management programs against this and other aphids.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16912_81e68999106d6798eca552cbb9337751.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Terpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Ferula persica Using Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolome Data 177 192 16913 10.22034/JAST.26.1.177 EN J. Nasiri Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P. O. Box: 31485-498, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. M. R. Naghavi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. A. Soorni Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran. D. J. Van Dijk Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Journal Article 1970 01 01 An effort was made to analyze metabolome and transcriptome profiles of Ferula persica via GC-MS and RNA-seq data. The analysis of the essential oils extracted from both flower and root tissues demonstrated the prominence of monoterpene constituents, while sesquiterpene compounds were present in the lower magnitudes. Considering transcriptome analysis, 2127 differentially expressed genes were found between root and flower: 396 transcripts were up-regulated in root, while 1731 exhibited an up-regulation pattern in flower. Out of 2127 transcripts, 86 were annotated as Terpene Synthases (TPSs), of which 83 TPSs were classified subsequently into five individual sub-families of TPS-a (33), TPS-b (42), TPS-c (2), TPSe-f (3), and TPS-g (3). Several transcription factor families were recognized among the differentially expressed genes, suggesting their direct or indirect regulatory roles for the biosynthesis of terpenoids in F. persica. Finally, according to our phylogenetic results, both F. assa-foetida and F. gummosa were placed in the same clade, while F. persica was lonely settled in one monophyletic clade, with the estimated divergence time of 2.99 Million Years Ago (MYA) between F. gummosa and F. assa-foetida, and 3.87 MYA between F. persica and two other Ferula species.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16913_9005e22c1f6a91269cfaf51aedb6e83b.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Field Application of Portable Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Well Flow Depletion Measurement 193 202 16914 10.22034/JAST.26.1.193 EN S. Fakouri Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Postal-Code: 34149-16818, Qazvin, Iran. M. Bijankhan Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Postal-Code: 34149-16818, Qazvin, Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Field observations of flow measurement difficulties using portable ultrasonic flow meters are reported in this work. Accordingly, pipe wall thickness and sensors’ spacing were identified as two important sources of the in-situ flow measurement inaccuracies. Experimental tests were accomplished to evaluate the effect of input parameters on the performance of the portable ultrasonic flow meters. Iron and Unplasticized Poly Vinyl Chloride (UPVC) pipes of the outer diameters of 3, 4, and 8 inches were tested. For all tested cases, the pipe wall thickness increase would affect the ultrasonic performance more than the cases with the wall thickness decrease. A mixed effect of the sensors’ spacing was observed for the changes in pipe material/dimensions. Finally, a correction equation was proposed to improve the flow measurements.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16914_a3c5e98cbfa4ee6526dd52b58feff672.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on Canopy Cover of Rangelands in Eastern Region of Turkey 203 213 16915 10.22034/JAST.26.1.203 EN M. Gullap Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. B. Comakli Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. N. Z. Yildirim Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Turkey. Journal Article 1970 01 01 This study was conducted on high-elevation rangelands of Erzurum, Turkey, between 2011 and 2014 for four year. The aim was to determine the effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPBs) applications on rangeland canopy cover ratio. PGPBs strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens T26, Pantoea agglomerans 16B, Paenibacillus polymyxa TV-12E, Bacillus cereus TV-30D, and Bacillus megatherium TV-3D) used in this study were obtained from the culture collection unit in the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture at Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Four study year results showed that PGPBs treatments had significant effects on the canopy cover of rangelands. The highest canopy cover ratio occupied was in treatment T21 (50 kg N ha-1+25 kg P2O5 ha-1+B. megatherium. TV-3D). There was a significant difference between treatments T21 and the other treatments, while the lowest was in treatment T14 (50 kg N ha-1+B. cereus TV-30D). In plots of P. polymyxa TV-12E, P. fluorescens T26, and B. megatherium TV-3D bacteria strains plus half of N+P fertilizer, the canopy cover was higher than that of the other treatments.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16915_5f8a451fe4917f0a5c7d39ff14660f94.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 26 1 2024 01 01 Relationships between Sulfochromic and Permanganate Oxidizable Carbons in Some Soils of North and North-West of Iran 215 229 16916 10.22034/JAST.26.1.215 EN N. Baseri Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. S. Oustan Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. A. Reyhanitabar Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. F. Shahbazi Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article 1970 01 01 Original Walkley-Black (OWB) method has been extensively used for measuring Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), mainly because of its convenience. However, the reliability of this method is still under speculation. In recent years, Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon (POXC) has been suggested to be more useful than the total SOC. In the present study, SOC contents of the 20 non-calcareous soil samples (0-20 cm) were determined by the OWB method and its modified versions (WB with external heating and WB using colorimetric determination) to understand their relationships with easy-to-find Soil Organic Matter (SOM) determined by the method of Loss-On-Ignition (LOI) at two temperatures (400 and 550°C). The POXC was also determined in the sampled soils and applicable relationships were specified between these methods. Eight of the 20 soils were selected to determine the accuracy of different WB methods using total organic carbon by CHN elemental analysis. Results showed strong power relationships between LOI and OWB methods. The WB method with external heating exhibited the highest recovery (95.3%) among the tested methods. This could be attributed to the finer soil particles used in the proposed method (less than 0.15 mm) than what has been used in the conventional method (less than 0.5 mm). The POXC method showed a high correlation with OWB method and, on average, accounted for only 4.1% of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC). This would likely reduce the value of POXC as an independent parameter to derive the labile fraction of SOC.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_16916_a7974b664364f1655de4ae0484a7bcaf.pdf