Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 28 5 2026 09 01 Estimation of Price and Substitution Elasticities of Cotton Production Inputs: Empirical Evidence from Baghlan Province, Afghanistan 1031 1048 27976 10.48311/jast.2026.27976 EN Hafizullah Radmand 1. Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran. 2. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Baghlan University, Baghlan, Afghanistan. Ali Keramatzadeh Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Ramtin Joolaie Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Farshid Eshraghi Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. 0000-0001-7434-4816 Journal Article 2024 04 22 This study aimed to estimate the price and substitution elasticities among the production inputs of cotton in Baghlan Province, Afghanistan. Data were collected through 132 questionnaires, using stratified random sampling from cotton growers in the province. The relationships among production inputs were examined using a translog cost function in conjunction with the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) approach. The results showed that the price elasticities of demand for land, animal manure, phosphate fertilizer, urea fertilizer, seeds, labor, water, and machinery were -0.036, -0.815, -0.056, -0.050, -0.056, -0.092, -0.074, and -0.198, respectively. All price elasticities of input demand were less than one, indicating inelastic demand, that is, input use is not highly sensitive to price changes. The cross elasticities of demand for inputs were also less than one, confirming inelastic demand across all inputs. The small values of substitution elasticities further indicated that policies targeting a single input would have little impact on the allocation of other inputs. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers avoid focusing on individual inputs and, instead, consider all inputs as an integrated system when designing agricultural policies. https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_27976_8a39b5f5618c5f29cd29e10b4c15aadb.pdf