Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 Articles in Press 2025 10 18 Biological activity of some plant extracts on Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) and Iranian honeybee (Apis mellifera meda) 27656 EN Ataollah Rahimi Animal Science Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran. Rukhosh Rashed Horticulture Department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Banaz Abdulla Biology Department, College of Education, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq. Journal Article 2025 02 16 <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;"> Research and development of new natural and safe veterinary medicaments to treat honeybee (<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">Apis mellifera<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">) varroosis caused by <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">Varroa destructor<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;"> is an essential step on the path to embarking on organic beekeeping<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">. <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">One of the feasible alternative treatments being used for their control is plant extracts. <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">This experiment was conducted to evaluate the acaricidal and insecticidal activity of extracts<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;"> of <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">Ferula assa<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">-<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">foetida<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">, <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">Euphorbia serrata<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">, <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">Achillea millefolium, <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">and <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">Salvia rosmarinus <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">plants <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">on <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">Varroa<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;"> mite and its host in<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;"> honeybee colonies in Kurdistan province, Iran during 2021 to 2023. In this research, all the different concentrations of the studied plant extract caused mite mortality without severe harmful effects on worker bees (adults and brood). Based on the results of statistical analysis, the concentration of 50% extract of <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">F. assa<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">-<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">foetida plant showed the most significant effect on the mortality percentage of Varroa mite (88.1 ± 1.3 %) in the studied honey bee colonies which its difference was significant compared to other different concentrations of studied plants extract (p<0.01). An acceptable safety margin for bees (eggs, larvae, adult workers, and queen) were observed after employing the extracts over a 20 days treatment period in the current experiment. Therefore, it is possible to recommend the concentration of 50% <span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">F. assa<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">-<span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: windowtext;">foetida extract as a suitable alternative to synthetic acaricides to control the Varroa mites in the honeybee colonies.

https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_27656_682793af8891c399ad9dee25d69700fb.pdf