Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 1680-7073 28 4 2026 07 01 Effects of Climate-Smart Agriculture on Rice Farmers’ Food Security: Evidence from Nigeria 783 796 27652 EN Oba Abdulkadir Ibrahim Department of Life Science Education, Kwara State University of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria. Hussein Abdullahi Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Kayode Afolabi Department of Science Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Suleiman Shuaib Department of Science Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Kamorudeen Fatai Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Rahmatallahi Adisa Department of Agricultural Extension Services, Oyo State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nigeria. Journal Article 2024 06 20 This study assessed the effects of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices on the household food security of smallholder rice farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Multistage sampling procedure involving three stages was used to select 424 samples from a population of 3,727 smallholder rice farmers across three rice production zones in Kwara State. The study raised and answered four research questions and tested one null hypothesis at a 0.05 level of significance. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), designed by the USAID, was adapted to measure household food security. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency counts, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Also, regression analysis was employed to establish the effect of CSA practices on household food security and livelihood indices. The results indicated that CSA practices had a significant positive effect on the household food security of smallholder rice farmers. Specifically, integrated soil fertility management (P= 0.006) and integrated pest management (P= 0.002) practices were found to significantly improve the livelihoods of these farmers by enhancing their household food security. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the smallholder rice farmers maintained high adoption levels of CSA practices to mitigate the adverse effects of household food insecurity stemming from climate change. https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article_27652_c7b2fb1ea0fd38480989bd7119f5d225.pdf