2024-03-28T14:09:36+04:30 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=756&slc_lang=en&sid=23
756-8388 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Economic Performance of Conventional, Organic, and Biodynamic Farms Z. Naglova E. Vlasicova Organic agriculture in the Czech Republic is taking on a greater importance: the number of the organic farms is increasing and the availability of bio products is rising too. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the economic situation of organic, biodynamic, and conventional farms by using financial analysis indicators, performance indicators, economic efficiency indicator, and multidimensional intercompany comparison methods. Furthermore, the subsidies impact on farms’ profits, sales, and return on assets indicators by a linear regression model with AR (AutoRegressive 1) process was analyzed. A total of 389 Czech farms receiving subsidies from 2007 to 2012 were selected. From these, 273 farms were conventional, 112 organic, and 4 biodynamic. Organic farms were the most profitable and got the best results on the economic efficiency indicator and took the first place in the intercompany comparison. Subsidies worsen the organic farms’ economic situation, however, without statistical significance. Biodynamic farms received the highest amount of subsidies. In some years, these farms did not gain profit. Despite the worst results of economic efficiency indicator, biodynamic farms were placed as second in the intercompany comparison. Subsidies improved the biodynamic farms’ economic situation (statistically insignificant) and could play a role as a motivating factor. Conventional farms had the highest values of input and output indicators (except profit) and they received the lowest amount of subsidies. Subsidies had a statistically significantly positive effect on the profitability of these farms, though with a negative effect on sales. Efficiency Agricultural enterprises Autoregressive Model Linear regression model the Czech Republic 2016 7 01 881 894 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8388-en.pdf
756-8811 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Factors Creating Systematic Risk for Rainfed Wheat Production in Iran, Using Spatial Econometric Approach E. Pishbahar S. Darparnian In this study, the factors creating systematic risk for dry farming wheat crop in Iran were investigated. Using production functions as well as spatial econometric approach, the effects of changes in climatic parameters such as temperature and precipitation, and also input levels of seed, urea, and phosphate fertilizers in warm, moderate, and cold climates were examined. The results showed that the fluctuations of climatic parameters in the three climates were severe enough to be identified as systematic risk factors. The findings also indicated that, in a warm climate, lack of sufficient heat during cultivation time (October), overheating during initial growth months (December and January), lack of sufficient precipitation during initial growth months (November and December) and inadequate seed and urea fertilizer and overusing phosphate fertilizer were the systematic risk factors. In moderate climate, these factors included lack of sufficient heat in cultivation time (October) and in late harvest time (July), lack of sufficient precipitation in the cultivation time (October) and lack of urea fertilizer and seed phosphate overuse. Finally, in the cold climate, insufficient heat in vegetative growth time (March), inadequate precipitation in the cultivation and initial growth time (October and December), and also lack of phosphate fertilizer and seed overuse were identified as the systematic risk factors. Climate Change Insurance precipitation temperature Iran 2016 7 01 895 909 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8811-en.pdf
756-3436 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Investigation of Rural Tourism in East Azarbaijan Province of Iran Utilizing SWOT Model and Delphi Technique F. Kazemiyeh H Sadighi M. Chizari The main purpose of this study was to investigate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of rural tourism in East Azarbaijan Province of Iran. To fulfill this objective, SWOT model analysis with Delphi technique was used as a method of refining group opinions and substituting computed consensus for an agreed-upon majority opinion. Findings indicated that favorable climate conditions, environmental potential, natural, historical and cultural tourism zones are the most important strengths, while lack of information and promotional activities to introduce rural tourism attractions and limited education and training of the villagers in how to deal with the tourists are the main weaknesses. Also, the most important opportunities include an increasing tendency to use nature for calmness and recreational activities, a growing attention by province management toward rural tourism, and investment in folklore such as music, local and traditional dress, Cultural Heritage, Handicraft, and Tourism Organization's efforts to rehabilitate and repair historic and cultural buildings, an increasing interest to visit the rural tourism areas, employment in tourism-related activities in rural areas, and appropriate legislation for the development of rural tourism. On the other hand, destruction and gradual extinction of plant and animal species caused by tourists' intervention, demolition of historic villages, lack of attention to rural tourism by extension and rural sector in the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, lack of or limited service providers or travel agents to visit rural areas, waste emissions and environmental damages are the main threats in this study. Development Economic diversification Group opinions Tourism industry Tourism planning 2016 7 01 911 923 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3436-en.pdf
756-4055 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Construction of a Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacterium that Expresses Acid-Resistant Phytase Enzyme R. Majidzadeh Heravi M. Sankian H. Kermanshahi M. R. Nassiri A. Heravi Moussavi L. Roozbeh Nasiraii A. R. Varasteh The use of genetically engineered probiotics to express specific enzymes has been the subject of considerable attention in poultry industry because of increased nutrient availability and reduced cost of enzyme supplementation. Phytase enzyme is commonly added to poultry feed to improve digestibility and availability of phosphorus from plant sources. To construct a probiotic with potential of phytate degradation, phytase gene (appA) from E. coli was cloned and transformed into two probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactococcus lactis. The results showed plasmid instability, unable to express the gene. The expression of appA gene in L. lactis was analyzed by detecting specific RNA and zymography assay. Phytase enzyme was isolated from cellular extracts of recombinant L. lactis, showing a 46 kDa band upon the SDS-PAGE analysis. Zymogram also confirmed the phytase activity of the 46 kDa band corresponding to the enzyme. An enzyme activity of 4.9 U mL-1 was obtained in cell extracts of L. lactis. The growth of native and recombinant L. lactis was similar in the presence of two concentrations of ox bile. Lactobacillus salivarus Lactococcus lactis Recombinant Phytase Poultry 2016 7 01 925 936 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4055-en.pdf
756-1915 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Effects of Feeding Frequency on Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior in the Turkmen Horse E. Direkvandi Y. Rouzbehan H. Fazaeli In this experiment, sixteen Turkmen horses with average weights of 430±46 kg and age 7±3 years were used. Four feeding frequencies of 2, 4, 6, and 8 meals per day were used for a period of 28 days. Data were statistically analyzed based on a completely randomized design, and the results showed that increased feeding frequency led to more stable serum glucose levels throughout the day and an increase in the digestibility of nutrients (P< 0.05). However, ether extract digestibility was not influenced by feeding frequency. Means of chewing and swallowing (per kg DM) of alfalfa were not influenced by feeding frequency. Also, the chewing and swallowing rates of concentrate for the treatment of 2 meals per day increased (P< 0.05). By increasing the feeding frequency, alfalfa intake decreased, but duration of forage intake increased in the treatment of 8 meals per day (P< 0.05). In contrast, by increasing the feeding frequency, concentrate intake was increased, but duration of concentrate intake was decreased in the treatment of 8 meals per day (P< 0.05). In conclusion, feeding 2 times per day more often resulted in lower digestibility of different nutrients and less steady-state level of serum glucose than other feeding frequencies. Chewing and swallowing rates Forage intake Horse management Serum glucose 2016 7 01 937 948 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1915-en.pdf
756-6411 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Follicle Diameters, Egg Weight, and Egg Production Performance in Old Laying Hens Injected with Growth Hormone and Testosterone H. Mohammadi Z. Ansari-Pirsaraei Hen aging is accompanied by a disruption of productive performance, namely, egg production. The current study was carried out to investigate how exogenous Growth Hormone (GH) and Testosterone (Ts) change diameters of hierarchal follicles, egg weight, and egg production performance of old laying hens in the late phase of production. To this end, 160 HyLine W-36 laying hens (aged 73 weeks), were injected (single injection) with GH and Ts as follows: Treatment 1: 100 µL distilled water (control group); Treatment 2: 500 µg Ts kg-1 Body-Weight (BW)+50 µg GH kg-1 body-weight; Treatment 3: 500 µg Ts kg-1 BW+100 µg GH kg-1 BW, and Treatment 4: 500 µg Ts kg-1 BW+150 µg GH kg-1 BW. The experiment had four replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The diameters of Small White Follicle (SWF), Large White Follicle (LWF), the First (F1), Second (F2) and Third (F3) largest yellow follicles in treatment 3 were significantly larger than in the control group, in the second week after the injection. Hen-Day Egg Production percent (HDEP), egg mass, and Feed Intake (FI) of treatment 3 were significantly higher than all other groups, during the second week after the injection; besides, HDEP and FI in treatment 4 were significantly more than in the control group. These results suggest that in old laying hen, GH and Ts may positively influence follicular diameters and egg production performance. Egg parameters Hen-day egg production HyLine W-36 laying hens 2016 7 01 949 959 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6411-en.pdf
756-5654 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Genetic Analysis of Postnatal Mortality and Calving Traits in Iranian Holstein Herds Using Threshold-Linear Models M. Forutan S. Ansari Mahyari M. A. Edriss This study was conducted to estimate the additive genetic components of calf mortality in the first month of age, calving difficulty, and birth weight in Holstein dairy cows in the central regions of Iran. The records comprised 61,200 calves born between 1990 and 2011 from 60 dairy herds. Different threshold-linear models in three groups of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate models were used. The frequency of calf mortality was 2.6%. Distribution of calving difficulty score was 65.12% in the first category (no assistance), 30.66% in the second, 3.12% in the third, and 1.1% in the fourth (major assistance). Averages of birth weight and dam age were 40.34 kg and 769.4 days, respectively. Direct Heritability estimation for calf mortality varied from 0.005 to 0.027. The estimated heritability for calving difficulty ranged from 0.032 to 0.050. Heritability for birth weight was estimated about 0.22. The results of this study showed that there were genetic variations for all traits. Although there was no strong additive genetic correlation between the traits, an environmental correlation between mortality and other traits was observed. Results suggested that implementation of threshold models for mortality trait was more favorable, but they were not reflected in genetic analysis of calving difficulty records. Furthermore, current findings indicated that benefit from the use of multi-traits models for genetic evaluation of postnatal mortality depended on the methodology (linear or threshold model) used for mortality trait. Birth weight Calf mortality Calving difficulty Genetic parameters Linear- Threshold models 2016 7 01 961 973 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5654-en.pdf
756-11909 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Water Quality Analysis and Prediction Using Hybrid Time Series and Neural Network Models L. Zhang G. X. Zhang R. R. Li Chagan Lake serves as an important ecological barrier in western Jilin. Accurate water quality series predictions for Chagan Lake are essential to the maintenance of water environment security. In the present study, a hybrid AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) model is used to predict and examine the water quality [Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP)] of Chagan Lake. The results reveal the following: (1) TN concentrations in Chagan Lake increased slightly from 2006 to 2011, though yearly variations in TP were not significant. The TN and TP levels were mainly classified as Grades IV and V, (2) The hybrid ARIMA and RBFNN model’s RMSE values for the observed and predicted data were 0.139 and 0.036 mg L-1 for TN and TP, respectively, which indicated that the hybrid model describes TN and TP variations more comprehensively and accurately than single ARIMA and RBFNN model. The results serve as a theoretical basis for ecological and environmental monitoring of Chagan Lake and may help guide irrigation district and water project construction planning for western Jilin Province. ARIMA model Chagan Lake RBFNN model Total N Total P 2016 7 01 975 983 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11909-en.pdf
756-10416 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Effect of Canola Physical Mutation on Plutella xylostella (L.) Life Table M. Akandeh F. Kocheili M. Soufbaf A. Rasekh K. Mozafari Life history of insect herbivores is unclear after feeding on mutant lines of many crops. To shed light, demographic parameters of Plutella xylostella on three canola cultivars (“Zar”, “RGS”, “Talaye”) and their physical mutation-derived lines (“Zar 9-9”, “RGS 8-1”, “RGS 10-2”, “RGS 8-13” and “Talaye 8-3”) were determined under greenhouse condition. Methods of life table including the female age specific life table and the age-stage, two-sex life table were applied. According to two-sex life table, there was no significant difference between demographic parameters of P. xylostella on “Talaye” and “Zar” in comparison with their mutant lines, but significant differences were observed between these parameters on mutant lines of “RGS”. Having suitable cultural traits, “RGS 8-1” was more susceptible than the other two mutant lines and its control cultivar “RGS” in terms of population growth of the pest. According to the two-sex life table, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were the highest on RGS 8-1 (98.63 offspring per individual, 0.208 and 1.231 day-1, respectively). Also, population projection showed the rapid growth of the pest on the latter line. There was a little difference between the same population parameters estimated by two methods of life table. Investigating some consequences of plant breeding using radiation techniques on insect fitness not only leads plant breeders to do more unfailing selections but also provides some enlightenment in pest management programs effectively when plantation of such crops is prioritized. Age-stage two-sex life table Diamondback moth Female age-specific life table Gamma ray Insect fitness 2016 7 01 985 998 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10416-en.pdf
756-515 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Effects of Catch Crops and Tillage System on Weed Infestation and Health of Spring Wheat C. Kwiatkowski E. Harasim M. Wesołowski The paper presents results of research on weed infestation and health of spring wheat grown in the three-year monoculture. The field experiment was carried out on loess soil, classified as “good wheat complex” (soil class II). The first experimental factor was the type of Catch Crop (CC): (a) Object control, no catch crop, (b) White mustard, (c) Tansy phacelia, and (d) Mixture (bean+spring vetch+oat). The second factor was Tillage System (TS): (a) Plow Tillage (PT), and (b) Conservation Tillage (plowless tillage, CT). It was proved that catch crops (especially white mustard) could be an effective way to reduce the negative effects of growing spring wheat in monoculture. This causes both the reduction of the number and weight of weeds in the field, as well as reduction of the proportion of fungal pathogens infecting wheat plants. The regenerating effects of catch crops in the three-year wheat monoculture were more effective under conventional tillage conditions compared to conservation tillage. It also showed that the conservation tillage system had significant effect on increasing the quantitative indicators of weed infestation of wheat and increasing the number of weed seeds in the soil. Conventional tillage with plowing resulted in smaller biodiversity of weed species than conservation tillage system. Tillage method did not cause differentiation degree of infection of wheat stem base by a fungal disease complex. Catch crops, in particular white mustard, proved to be an effective method to reduce the degree of infection of spring wheat by fungal pathogens. Fungal diseases Catch crops Conservation tillage Tillage systems White mustard 2016 7 01 999 1012 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-515-en.pdf
756-5061 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Effect of Foliar Spray of Zinc Oxide on Some Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Sunflower under Salt Stress S. Torabian M. Zahedi A. Khoshgoftarmanesh This study investigated the effects of foliar application of normal and nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the growth, proline content, and some antioxidant enzyme activities of sunflower cultivars at different salinity levels. Treatments included five cultivars (Helianthus annuus L. cvs. Alstar, Olsion, Yourflor, Hysun36, and Hysun33), two salinity levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl), and three foliar applications (none-sprayed, ZnO normal and nanoparticles at a rate of 2 g/L). Olsion showed the highest proline content and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) among the studied cultivars under saline condition. Foliar spray of ZnO improved SOD activity and shoot dry weight of sunflower. Nanoparticles of ZnO had positive effect on biomass production of sunflower plants compared to the normal form. According to the result, Olsion and Hysun33 cultivars were suitable for saline conditions, whereas Hysun36 was appropriate for normal condition. nanoparticles Superoxide dismutase Helianthus annuus Proline 2016 7 01 1013 1025 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5061-en.pdf
756-12014 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Crops (Zea mays L., Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Medicinal Plants (Hyssopus officinalis L., Nigella sativa L.), and Weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) Exposed to SiO2 Nanoparticles J. Sharifi-Rad M. Sharifi-Rad Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva In this research, two field crops(Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L.), two medicinal plants(Hyssopus officinalis L. and Nigella sativa L.)and two weeds(Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) were separately treated with three concentrations of SiO2 nanoparticles (400, 2,000, and 4,000 mg L-1). The effects of these treatments on morphological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were assessed, including germination, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates, total protein, total amino acid, and proline content. In the crops and medicinal plants, 400 mg L-1 SiO2 NPs significantly increased seed germination, root and shoot lengths, fresh weights (except for H. officinalis) and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total protein, and total amino acid (except for H. officinalis). In weeds, as SiO2 NP concentration increased from 400 to 4,000 mg L-1, germination, root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments as well as total protein decreased. Total carbohydrates in all plants decreased significantly, except for A. retroflexus at 400 mg L-1 SiO2 NPs. In all plant species, with increasing SiO2 NP concentration, proline content increased significantly. According to these results, a lower concentration of SiO2 NPs can have beneficial effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of plants. Germination Photosynthetic pigments Total amino acid Total carbohydrates Total protein 2016 7 01 1027 1040 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12014-en.pdf
756-3456 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Restricted Herbicide Translocation Was Found in Two Glyphosate-resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Populations from New Zealand H. Ghanizadeh K. Harrington T. James D. Woolley N. Ellison Glyphosate resistance has been found in two populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) following many years of glyphosate application in New Zealand vineyards. Dose-response experiments showed that both glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass populations had 10-fold levels of resistance to glyphosate compared to a susceptible population. Possible mechanisms of glyphosate resistance target site mutation at position Pro-106 of 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene and alterations in glyphosate absorption/translocation in these populations were investigated. Genotyping assays demonstrated that there was no point mutation at Codon 106 of the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene in either of the resistant populations. Glyphosate-resistant and susceptible populations did not differ in 14C-glyphosate absorption. However, in both resistant populations, much more of the absorbed 14C-glyphosate was retained in the treated leaf than occurred in the susceptible population. Significantly more 14C-glyphosate was found in the pseudostem region of susceptible plants than resistant plants. Based on these results, it was suggested that alterations in glyphosate translocation patterns plays a major role in glyphosate resistance for Italian ryegrass populations from these New Zealand vineyards. EPSP synthase mutation Glyphosate Herbicide resistance Mechanism of resistance Weeds 2016 7 01 1041 1051 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3456-en.pdf
756-5088 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Alpha Amylase Activity and Sprouting During Short Term Storage of Taro Corms A. T. Modi R. Mare The objective of this study was to investigate taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] corm quality as determined by changes in starch morphology and degradation during storage after harvest. Starch is the major nutrient component of taro corms and its quality in corms that are stored as planting material or consumption has not been fully explained. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the changes that occur to the surface morphology of starch granules in corms of taro landraces, Dumbe-dumbe, Mgingqeni and Pitshi, stored at cool (12ºC) and ambient (20ºC) temperatures. Alpha-amylase activity and sprouting were used as indicators of changes in the starch granules, and hence corm quality, during storage in polyethylene bags, card boxes, and mesh bags. The degradation of starch granules, alpha amylase activity, and sprouting increased over storage time and varied with landraces, storage material, and temperature. Overall, there was 23% more alpha-amylase activity and 67% more sprouting at 20ºC compared with 12ºC. With respect to storage material, polyethylene bags showed the highest alpha-amylase activity (0.18 EU 0.1 g-1) followed by card boxes (0.15 EU mg-1 0.1 g-1) and mesh bags (0.14 EU mg-1 0.1 g-1). A similar, but more pronounced, trend was observed for sprouting. The findings have implications for selection of storage material for food and propagule storage. Colocasia esculenta Electron microscopy Landrace Starch granules 2016 7 01 1053 1063 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5088-en.pdf
756-600 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Chlorophyll Content, Chloroplast Ultrastructure and Transcriptome Analysis in Wild-type and Yellow-bud-mutant Hot Peppers Z. H. Ma G. S. Sun C. W. Zhang Q. Wang Z. L. Dai S. Q. Sun Y. P. Pan The yellow-bud mutant hot pepper, 96-140YBM, which exhibits a yellow leaf phenotype in its young leaves but whose matured leaves are green, was isolated from wild type 96-140 in this study. The results of photosynthetic pigment determination and chloroplast ultrastructure observation revealed that the young mutant leaves displayed Chl a+b and Cars content, increased Chl a/b and Car/Chl a+b ratios, and delayed chloroplast development compared with the wild type leaves. Here, we obtained 95,714 transcripts from cultured yellow-bud mutant yellow leaves and cultured wild-type seedling leaves using the Illumina HiSeq-2000 (Illumina Inc., USA) platform. A total of 42,384 unigenes were identified, among which 37,949 were annotated using gene descriptions or gene ontology terms. Based on Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) analysis, 1,056 of the 1,101 DEGs were annotated in the Nr database, and 302 unigenes were mapped to 130 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Finally, we found that 6 pathways were related to chloroplast and chlorophyll biogenesis. Hot pepper Chloroplast Transcriptome Yellow-bud mutant Wild type 2016 7 01 1065 1078 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-600-en.pdf
756-2621 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Physiological Responses of Chard and Lettuce to Phosphite Supply in Nutrient Solution E. Estrada-Ortiz L. I. Trejo-Téllez1 F. C. Gómez-Merino H. V. Silva-Rojas A. M. Castillo-González E. Avitia-García We evaluated the effect of different concentrations of Phosphite (Phi) (0, 0.25, and 0.50 mM) in nutrient solution on lettuce and chard. The fresh and dry biomass of lettuce shoots and heads, root volume, and P accumulation in roots showed no significant differences compared to the controls for different Phi concentrations in nutrient solution. In chard, no statistical differences were found among Phi concentrations for P concentrations in roots and shoots, total free amino-acids in leaves, chlorophyll-b, and soluble sugars. The phosphorus concentration in lettuce shoots was 15.6 and 50.6% higher in plants treated with 0.25 and 0.50 mM of Phi, respectively, compared with the controls. In lettuce, phosphorus levels in roots, total free amino-acids and soluble sugars in leaves were statistically greater for 0.25 mM of Phi in nutrient solution. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, b and total chlorophyll in lettuce leaves increased positively with Phi concentration in nutrient solution. The addition of more than 0.25 mM of Phi to the nutrient solution for chard negatively affected the fresh and dry biomass weight of shoots and roots, and P accumulation in roots and shoots. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, b and total chlorophyll in chard leaves was statistically higher with 0.25 mM of Phi in nutrient solution. We conclude that Phi has differential effects on lettuce and chard physiology, and positive plant responses may be observed when Phi is used up to 0.25 mM in sufficient P conditions. Biomass weight Chlorophyll Phosphorus Total free amino-acids Total soluble proteins 2016 7 01 1079 1090 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2621-en.pdf
756-8614 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Response of Cherry Tomato to Irrigation Levels and Fruit Pruning under Greenhouse Conditions H. Abdel-Razzak M. Wahb-Allah A. Ibrahim M. Alenazi A. Alsadon A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of cherry tomato cultivar Dulcito RZ to different irrigation levels and fruit pruning treatments. Treatments were three irrigation levels [50, 75, and 100%, based on the crop Evapotranspiration (ETc)], and three fruit pruning treatments (6, 8, and 10 fruits truss-1). Results showed that the highest irrigation level (100% ETc) increased fruit weight and size, and total and marketable yield. However, water stress treatment (50% ETc) increased fruit quality traits (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and total sugars). Plants pruned to 6 fruits truss-1 yielded a heavier and larger fruit size, while unpruned plants had smaller fruit size with a significant increase in total and marketable yield due to increased number of fruits plant-1. The increased incidence of fruit cracking with lower fruit load (6 fruits truss-1) or with higher irrigation level (100% ETc) were related with the larger fruit size. The 50% ETc and full fruits truss-1 (zero fruit pruning) treatments caused the highest values of irrigation water use efficiency (25.6-25.8 and 29.9-30.4 kg m-3, respectively). To maximize marketable yield of cherry tomato and conserving irrigation water, it is recommended to apply 10 fruits truss-1 pruning treatment along with the medium irrigation water level (75% ETc) under greenhouse conditions. Fruit cracking Irrigation water use efficiency Marketable yield 2016 7 01 1091 1103 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8614-en.pdf
756-2023 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 The rbcL Gene Sequence Variations among and within Prunus Species S. Sarhan F. Hamed W. Al-Youssef The objective of this study was to detect the level of SNP variations of rbcL gene sequences among and within Prunus species including 17 locally cultivated and wild relatives of Prunus, and two species of the subfamily Maloideae (Malus domestica and Pyrus communis), as out groups. The rbcL sequences were amplified, sequenced, and aligned to determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The rbcL gene tree of the samples showed two main clusters. The first included the outgroup taxa (M. domestica and P. communis); and all Prunus samples in the second cluster including Prunus armeniaca, which separated in a subcluster. Our results indicate that rbcL gene sequence analysis provides a well-defined tool to study relationships within and among Prunus species, and can be successfully used in constructing reliable phylogenetic tree for Prunus accessions. Genetic relationship Prunus rbcL Sequencing 2016 7 01 1105 1115 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2023-en.pdf
756-3558 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Yield and Mineral Content of Stinging Nettle as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization S. Radman I. Žutić L. Čoga S. Fabek B. Benko N. Toth Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a valuable multifunctional plant species, mainly collected from natural habitats, but, quality of such plant material is rather variable. Cultivation of the plant allows for controlling some environmental factors and enhances the quality of the product. The goal of this research was to determine the influence of different doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-1) on yield, dry matter content, crude proteins and mineral content in stinging nettle herbage collected at flowering time. Results of the study showed that nitrogen fertilization had a negative effect on the amount of dry matter, content of phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements. Crude proteins significantly increased with use of larger amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and the highest value was recorded in the last harvest at 200 kg N ha-1 (180.0 g kg-1). The amount of iron measured in this research was very variable (0.62-2.96 g kg-1) and much higher compared to the other studies on stinging nettle and similar leafy vegetables rich in iron. The highest total yield of fresh stinging nettle herbagewas achieved at 200 kg N ha-1 (15.18 t ha-1), however, in the absence of nitrogen fertilization, the highest values of mineral composition and dry matter content were recorded. Crude proteins Dry matter Multiple harvests Urtica dioica 2016 7 01 1117 1128 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3558-en.pdf
756-6890 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Characterization of a Desiccation Stress Induced Lipase Gene from Brassica napusL. H. Zhang J. Zhou X. Zheng Z. Zhang Z. Wang X. Tan Lipases are known to have important functions in many physiological processes in plants. Here, we cloned a lipase gene via Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) technique from Brassica napus L., designated as BnDIL1 (B. napus Desiccation-Induced Lipase 1). The lipase enzyme activity was confirmed by estimating the lipase activity and reduced lipids content in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (pep4)transformant. Two B. napus lines with different oil contents were employed to examine the transcription profiles of BnDIL1 during the processes of seed morphogenesis, maturation, dormancy, pregermination and germination. The transcription level of lipid degradation pathway was enhanced during the processes of seed maturation, dormancy, pregermination and germination, and was higher in seeds of low oil-contents line than that of high oil-contents line. However, BnDIL1 was significantly activated when seed desiccation started. Both “slow desiccation” and “fast desiccation” treatments on seedlings dramatically activated the transcription of BnDIL1, while only “slow desiccation” stress, which would induce the cell apoptosis, significantly activated the transcription of lipid degradation gene. This result demonstrated that BnDIL1 in B. napus was desiccation stress dependent gene rather than fatty acids degradation gene. Enzyme activity Oil-content Rapid amplification Seed Transcription profiles of BnDIL1 2016 7 01 1129 1141 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6890-en.pdf
756-8976 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Chemical Composition and Fungicidal Effects of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil on Bipolaris and Cochliobolus Species E. A. Elsherbiny A. Y. El-Khateeb N. Azzaz The fungus Cochliobolus is the teleomorph of Bipolaris and Curvularia which are economically important plant pathogens worldwide. Several species of Bipolaris are well documented human pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum against some Bipolaris and Cochliobolus species. Sixteen compounds, representing 95.4% of the chemical components of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum, were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds were estragole (55.95%), 1,8-Cineole (10.56%), methyl eugenol (10.09%) and linalool (5.57%). Aromatic oxygenated monoterpenes (57.42%) were the dominant constituents of the essential oil followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (16.13%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.9%). The essential oil exhibited a complete inhibition of the growth of Bipolaris ellisii, Bipolaris hawaiensis, Bipolaris spicifera, Cochliobolus australiensis andCochliobolus cynodontis at 80 mg/mL and fungicidal effect on Cochliobolus australiensis only at the same concentration after six and twelve days of exposure. Spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. hawaiensis were completely inhibited by the essential oil (at 40 mg/mL) and B. spicifera (at 80 mg/mL) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 40 to 160 mg/mL. These results suggest that the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum is a potential and promising antifungal tool for controlling plant and human fungal pathogens. GC–MS Antifungal tools Plant pathogens 2016 7 01 1143 1152 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8976-en.pdf
756-7493 2024-03-28 10.1002
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology JAST 1680-7073 2345-3737 10.22034/jast 2016 18 4 Effect of Service Numbers on Resynchronization Responses in Lactating Dairy Cows during Warm Season Z. Ansari Pirsaraei E. Dirandeh A. Rezaei Roodbari Our objective in this study was to consider the effect of service numbers on the percentage of lactating cows that responded to the resynchronization and fertility during warm season. Lactating dairy cows (n= 750) in five groups of 150 with different service numbers according to the last service (AI1= First service, AI2= 2nd, AI3= 3rd, AI4= 4th, AI≥ 5) were assigned to receive Ovsynch56 starting on day 28 after fixed time AI (TAI). Ultrasonography was done during Ovsynch56 injections and also for confirmation of pregnancy in all cows at 32 and 60±4 days after fixed timed AI. Results showed proportion of cows that ovulated in response to the first GnRH injection of Ovsynch was greatest (P= 0.01) in the first service cows compared with other services. In addition, cows that ovulated in response to the first GnRH of Ovsynch had greater response to PGF2α of Ovsynch (91.8 vs. 74.2%, respectively) and finally greater conception rate (CR) at 32 d after AI (32.1 vs. 24.6%, respectively) than those that did not ovulate. Conception rate at 32 and 60 days after AI was similar up to the third service (29.1 and 21.8% at days 32 and 60, respectively), but decreased after that (19.75 and 10.4% at days 32 and 60, respectively, P= 0.02). In conclusion, results of this study showed service numbersaffected the proportion of cows that responded to resynchronization protocol. Conception rate was reasonable up to the third service, but, after the third breeding, proportion of cows that responded to resynchronization decreased and CR dropped below 20%. Conception rate Ovsynch Pregnancy loss Ultrasonography 2016 7 01 1153 1160 http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7493-en.pdf