1 1680-7073 Tarbiat Modares University 6884 Effect of Planting Density and Chlormequat Chloride on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar "Valfajr" Emam Y. b Moaied G. R. c b Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. c Agricultural Research Center, Darab, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 4 2000 2 2 75 83 28 03 2010 28 03 2010 In a field experiment the effect of five planting densities (100, 175. 250, 325 and 400 plants in"2 ) with or without foliar application of chlormequat chloride (2-till o methyltrimethyl uminonion chloride, CCC) on growth, development and grain yield of winter barley (cv Valfajr) was studied. The results indicated that Increasing plant density hastened the rate of apical development and stem elongation. This pattern continued up to the beginning of rapid stem elongation phase (Zadoks growth stage 32). However, during the rapid stem elongation and ear growth, the pattern was reversed i.e. it had become slightly in favor of the lower densities. Increasing plant density up to 25(1 plants in"2 increased the grain yield, however, from 250 to 400 plants m"2 there was no significant change in grain yield. It appeared that the higher planting densities, i.e. 250 to 400 plants m~- were in a range around the supposed "optimum" density. Foliar application of CCC slowed down the rate of apical development and stein elongation in all plant densities, hut without any significant effect on its spikelet initiation rate. Such retardation of development in CCC-treatecl plants was initially associated with lower dry weight accumulation. However, this trend was reversed before anthesis, as the CCC- treated plants had accumulated more dry matter by anthesis, and gave a higher grain yield. The interactive effect of CCC and plant density is worthy of further exploration.
5618 Estimation of Pollen Viability of Metsulfuron Treated Dyers Woad (Isatis tinctoria) for Herbicide Efficacy Evaluation 1 4 2000 2 2 85 93 28 03 2010 28 03 2010 Viable pollen grains and eggs are necessary for processes of pollination, fertilization, and embryo formation for seed production. Various staining techniques were used to estimate pollen viability in herbicide treated plants. Effect of metsulfuron-methyl (2-[in(4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] amino] siilfonyl] benzoic acid) on pollen grain viability of dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria h.) inflorescence was investigated. Pollen grains of these plants were treated with 3,5,8,12 g a.i./ha metsulfuron in mid-anthesis stages. The treated plants were harvested in 1,3,5,7,9 and 12 day intervals after treatment and compared with control plants. Aniline blue in lactophenol (acid) and acetocarmine in glycerin (basic) were used for staining herbicide treated pollen grains. Full staining of dyers woad pollen grains significantly declined as herbicide application rates increased. Postponing the time of harvest through intervals of several days after treatment decreased the pollen grain stainability, irrespective of herbicide rate. With similar staining trends among pollen grains with the acidic and basic techniques, a significant difference in stainahility rate of the pollen grains was observed, with lower staining rates with aniline blue in lactophenol versus acetociirmine in glycerin. The rate of pollen grain stainability of herbicide treated weeds gave an adequate estimation of viability and fertility of pollen grains. As the percentage of pollen grain stainahility decreased, the efficacy of metsulfuron increased and vice versa. Use of various acidic and basic stains to estimate pollen viability can be an adequate procedure to determine the treated herbicide efficacy. 5793 Bridge Abutment Scour in Compound River Channels Kouchakzadeh S. d d Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 4 2000 2 2 95 106 28 03 2010 28 03 2010 Most previous laboratory studies of local scour at bridge abutments were performed in rectangular channels in which the distributions of flow velocity and bed shear stress were considered uniform in the transverse direction. In reality however, bridge abutments are usually located in the floodplain zone of rivers where velocity and shear stress distributions are directly affected by the lateral momentum transfer. The influence of channel geometry and lateral momentum transfer in compound flow field on scouring phenomenon, however, has not been fully investigated and understood as yet. This paper presents the results of an experimental study performed to investigate the impact of both sediment size and lateral momentum transfer on local scour at abutments terminating in the floodplain of a compound channel. It is shown that, by accounting for lateral momentum transfer at small floodplain/main channel depth ratios (yalH<0.3), estimates of maximum local scour depth are increased by up to 30% . In relation to the sediment size, earlier studies of scouring around circular bridge piers proposed a limit for the relative size of sediment (pier diameter/median size of bed material) beyond which the sediment size has no effect on the equilibrium scour depth (Ettema, 1980; Chiew, 1984). The results of the current laboratory studies, however, indicated that the limit established for circular bridge piers might not be appropriate for the abutment case installed in the floodplain zones; further studies are required to draw a more general conclusion regarding the effects of relative grain size in the abutment case. 10016 Serological Detection and Symptomology of TomatoSpotted Wilt Virus in Tehran Province, Iran Mohammadi M. e Esmaeeli-far A. f Zad J. g Mossahebi Gh. h Okhovat M. i e Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. f Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. g Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. h Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. i Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 4 2000 2 2 107 117 28 03 2010 28 03 2010 ABSTRACT Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected in tomato leaf and fruit samples collected from Viiramin reyion in Tehran province using indicator test plants including Petunia hybrida, Nicatiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. Snmsun NN, N. clevelandit and N. benthamiana and seroloyical tests. Small browinsh local necrotic lesions appeared on P. hybrida leaves 2-4 days post-inoculation. Systemic symptoms included concentric ring spots on leaves, stem necrosis, wilting and tissue collapse of plants 7-10 days following the inoculation. Among 145 tomato samples collected from Ghazvin, Hashtgerd, Karaj, Malard, Shahriar and Varamin in Tehran province, only Varamin samples were infected with TSWV using EL1SA, DIBA and SSEM. TSWV host range specificity and symptom expression were tested on Capsicum annuum L., Chenopodium amaranticolor I«, Citrullus vulgaris L., Oicumis melo var. inodorus, C. mela var. reticukUus, C. salivas L., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Phasenlus vulgaris L., Solatium melongena 1- and S. tuberosum. Typical symptoms on these plants included concentric ring spots, chlorosis, vein clearing, tissue necrosis, stunting and local lesion formation. Antiserum prepared against a partially purified TSWV preparation cross-reacted with TSWV-infected tomato samples. 6187 Effect of Soil Temperature on Distribution and Population Dynamics of Fusarium Species Saremi H. j Burgess L. W. k j Faculty of Agriculture. University of Zanjan. Zanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran. k Department of Crop Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. 1 4 2000 2 2 119 125 31 03 2010 31 03 2010 Environmental factors mainly temperature are believed to determine the distribution and population dynamics of Fusarium species in a natural ecosystem. Species may be restricted in their distribution by adaptation to specific sets of soil environmental conditions. Population dynamics of five Fusarium species representative of different climatic conditions were studied at three levels of temperature (13-18 / 19-24 / 25-30°C) and constant water potential (field capacity). Temperature had a significant influence on the population level of all test Fusarium species. Fusarium sambucinum showed noticeable reduction of population at warm temperatures. The population of F. solani and F. compaction were higher at high temperatures. The population of cosmopolitan species, F. equiseli showed little change at all experimental conditions, Fusarium acuminalum did not compete well with other species in this experiment, its population being low at all treatments. 5204 Comparison of Plant Species as Host for Cabbage Leaf Miner in Khuzestan Province Seraj A. A. l l Plant Protection Department- College til Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 4 2000 2 2 127 135 31 03 2010 31 03 2010 Cabbage leaf miner Scaptomyza flava (Fallen) (l)iptera: Drosophilidae) is a native and oligophagous leaf miner insect on cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae). It occurs in many parts of the world and throughout Khuzestan. The relationship between feeding and ovipositional preferences of insect, and host plant suitability on seven host plant species (cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botryds, green cabbage B. oleracea var. capitata, hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale, brussels sprout B. oleracea var. germmifers, turnip Brassica rapa, cucumber Cucumis mtivits, wheat Triticum aestivum and rice Oryza saliva) was evaluated. Ovipositional preference of 5. flava was determined by measuring feeding punctures and egg density after ndult female flies were given a simultaneous choice and non-choice of all host plants for feeding and oviposition. Studies were performed under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was a randomized complete block one with 8 treatments and 5 replications of each treatment. S. jlava showed distinct hierarchical ordering in its ovipositional preference, with turnip, green cabbage, and hedge mustard being preferred over all others. Approximately 1.05 and 5.8 times more eggs were deposited on green cabbage than on turnip and cauliflower respectively. When the percentage of punctures with eggs was calculated for each species, cauliflower had by far the highest value at 10% and 19.7% in choice and non-choice tests respectively. For all other species on which eggs were laid it was less than half this. In non-choice tests, females laid more eggs on green cabbage and turnip than other brassicas. 3788 Educational and Support Needs of the Agricultural Extension Agents in Isfahan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran Alibeygi A. H. m Zarafshani K. n Chizari M. o m Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. n Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. o Department of Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University 1 4 2000 2 2 137 141 31 03 2010 31 03 2010 The purpose of the study was to identify and prioritize the educational needs and support needed by agricultural extension agents in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. The target population for the study consisted of S3 agricultural extension agents in Isfahan province. Census population were used therefore, sampling procedures were not utilized and genera I izability of the results was limited to study population. Results indicate the five most highly ranked items on educational needs of extension agents were: extension philosophy, instructional technology, innovation and adoption process, adult education, and extension methods. Respondents indicated that the major support needed were availability of subject matter specialists to help them with their technical and communication methods. 11856 Pasta Quality Traits of some Durum Wheat Varieties Irani P. p p Iranian Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, P.O.Box 31585-845, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 4 2000 2 2 143 148 31 03 2010 31 03 2010 To evaluate durum pasta quality traits, using international standards, a study was conducted on seven improved and local durum wheat varieties. The traits examined included grain vitreousity (I.CC. No. 129), grain hardness index (h.i.), yellow berry (y.b.(, black point (h.p.), hectoliter weight (h.l.w.), thousand kerne! weight (t.k-w.j, protein percentage (I.CC. No. 105.1), protein quality through sedimentation test (I.CC. No. 116), and wet gluten percentage. Durum wheat gluten quality can be used to detect varieties with favorable traits for pasta making:, some of these traits being: semolina percentage, pigment content, reaction to cooking and pasta disk pressure tolerance. The varieties Zardak from Kermanshah, Altar 84 from Ahwaz and Yavaros 79 from Karaj exhibited the most favorable pasta quality traits. There existed significant positive correlations (at 1% level) between protein percentage and sedimentation test, wet gluten percentage and protein, wet gluten and sedimentation test, and protein percent and dry gluten. The results indicated that protein percentage of durum wheat varieties can be used to select varieties of favorable quality for pasta making.