1 1680-7073 Tarbiat Modares University 4506 Comparison of High and Low Performance Wheat Growers with Respect to Their Locus of Control Bakhshi Jahromi A. b Zamani Gh. H. c b Department of Socio-Economics, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, P. O. Box: 76135-1765, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran. c Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 179 190 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 The locus of control is a construct reflecting beliefs about the control of behavior and life events. According to this perception, people are grouped into two main categories: an internal and external locus of control. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between wheat yield performance, locus of control and wheat growers’ (WG) characteristics. Survey research methodology and two stages of stratified random sampling were used as research and sampling method, respectively. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument and 217 sampled wheat growers (106 and 111 high and low performance, respectively) were interviewed from the eight districts of Shiraz Prov-ince. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and confirmed. De-scriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing data, using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Based on the findings, yield performance and internal locus of control had a significant and positive relationship. On the other hand, variables such as educational level, accessing information sources, cosmopoliteness achievement motivation and interest in agriculture showed positive and significant relationships with yield per-formance. Regression has revealed that three variables are strong predictors for yield performance in wheat: achievement motivation (%47.3), cosmopoliteness (%2.6) and ac-cessing information sources (%2.1). Educational level and accessing information sources showed a positive correlation, whereas age had a negative and significant relationship with internal locus of control. As a result, it can be said that psychological and behavioral parameters affect farm management and production as well as physical and natural fac-tors.
7582 Determination of Energetic and Ergonomic Parameters of a Semi-automatic Sugar-beet Steckling Transplanter Kazmeinkhah K. d d Agricultural Research Center, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 191 198 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 Manual planting of sugar-beet stecklings is a very laborious and time-consuming opera-tion. To overcome the problems, and decrease the cost of operation to a reasonable level, a semi-automatic steckling transplanter was designed. The suitability of the steckling trans-planter with regard to the agrotechnical requirements of sugar-beet stecklings was stud-ied and the main field performance parameters of the machine were measured. The re-sults showed that the transplanter was able to place the stecklings with a row spacing of 65 cm and a plant spacing of 50.3 cm at a selected depth of 13 cm. Deviations of the steck-ling placements relative to their theoretical positions were 4.5 % and 3.6 % along the row and in a direction perpendicular to the row respectively. For a forward speed of 0.6 km/h and a maximum planting depth (18 cm), the required draft was 4.05 kN. 189 Effect of Aluminide Coatings and Wheat Handling Parameters on Erosion in Wheat Storage Bins Ahmadi H. e Borgheei A. M. f Alimardani A. R. g Rajabeepour A. h Lee D. Y. i e Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Bio-system Engineering, University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. f Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Bio-system Engineering, University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. g Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Bio-system Engineering, University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. h Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Faculty of Bio-system Engineering, University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. i Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada. 1 7 2007 9 3 199 210 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 Recent studies demonstrate that aluminide coatings are beneficial to wear and erosion resistance and also that oxygen-active elements such as yttrium can remarkably improve this resistance. In this research, the micro-hardness of the aluminide coatings with and without yttrium on 1045 steel was investigated using a micro-mechanical probe. Wear of the samples was measured using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The erosion loss of specimens against soft and hard wheat was also evaluated using a slurry erosion test machine. The data was analyzed statistically using a 3-factor completely randomized design to study the effect of wheat varieties (soft and hard wheat), moisture content at three levels (10±0.5, 15±1.5, and 20±2 % (wet basis)), and rotary velocity of the slurry erosion machine at three levels (200, 400, and 600 rpm) on erosion resistance. The results showed that the aluminide coatings improved the wear and erosion resistance of substrate steel 1045; yt-trium markedly improved the hardness of the aluminide coating and its wear and erosion resistance. The erosion loss of materials was significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the type of wheat, moisture content and rotary velocity. Both aluminide coatings showed higher wear and erosion resistance than 1045 steel substrate. 5541 Reevaluation of the Digestible Lysine Requirement of Arian Male Broiler Chicks by Different Diets with Cottonseed Meal Zaghari M. j Shivazad M. k Kamyab A. l Nikkhah A. m j Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. k Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. l Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. m Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 211 218 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 An experiment was conducted to reevaluate the digestible lysine requirement of Arian male broilers by comparing the performance of chicks fed different levels of cottonseed meal (CSM) on a total amino acid (AA) versus a digestible AA basis. Four hundred and thirty two (432) Arian male broiler chicks were allotted to 18 treatments with four repli-cates of six chicks each in a completely randomized block design in a factorial arrange-ment with two factors (two levels of digestible lysine  nine different diets). The first of the eighteen treatments was the corn and soybean meal control diet based on previously de-termined digestible lysine requirement for maximum body weight gain. Diets 2 to 5 con-tained 5, 10, 15 or 20% CSM, respectively and were formulated to contain levels of total AA equivalent to those in the first treatment. Diets 6 to 9 contained the same levels of CSM as diets 2 to 5 but the diets were formulated to be equal in digestible AA content to the first treatment. Treatments 10 to 18 were the same as treatments 1 to 9, but on the ba-sis of determined digestible lysine requirement for maximum feed efficiency. Formulating diets containing CSM on a digestible AA basis resulted in an improvement in chick per-formance compared to those formulated on a total AA basis (P<0.01). The lessening of chick performance with diets formulated on a total AA basis compared to a digestible AA basis, indicated that the previously determined digestible lysine requirement for the Arian broiler strain may be correct. 3867 Interactions of Transgenic-Bt Potato Resistance to Colorado Potato Beetle with the Fitness and Behavior of the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Ashouri A. n n Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 219 226 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 The performance and flight behavior of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae was studied on the 'Superior-BT' line transgenic for the CryIIIA toxin of Bacillus thuringien-sis (BT), resistant to the Colorado potato beetle; and non transformed 'Superior' line which served as control. Mortality of the treated aphids was negligible and potato lines did not affect the development time of M. euphorbiae, but aphids were largest on 'Supe-rior' and smallest on BT potatoes. This difference was reflected in aphid fecundity, which was lowest on 'Superior-BT', and highest on Superior. Incidence of flight in newly emerged alate M. euphorbiae that developed on BT was high compared to control. The re-sults illustrate that the performance of a secondary pest of potato can be unpredictably affected by the resistance factor involved in developing specific resistance to a primary pest. 3176 Effects of Oat Flour on Dough Rheology, Texture and Organoleptic Properties of Taftoon Bread Salehifar M. o Shahedi M. p o College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. p College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 227 234 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 Wheat flour was substituted with oat flour by 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% to investigate the effect on dough rheology and bread sensory quality and texture. Water absorption and dough development time in oat composite doughs increased with an increasing level of oat flour, whereas dough resistance, extensibility and bread firmness decreased. Dough sof-tening increased with an increased level of oat flour while the addition of oat flour im-proved bread shelf life and reduced the yellowness of bread. Breads produced with up to 20% oat flour were stable and with good quality as indicated by sensory evaluation. Oat flour had larger particle size in comparison to wheat flour. Breads produced with 30% and 40% oat flour had a bitter after taste, unacceptable to the sensory panelists. 5325 Linkage Map of SSR Markers and QTLs Detection for Heading Date of Iranian Rice Cultivars Rabiei B. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Guilan University, P. O. Box: 41635-1314, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 235 242 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 The construction of molecular maps and identification of genomic regions controlling quantitative traits have great significance for plant breeders. In this study, a genetic analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the heading date of rice was performed using an F2 population of a cross between two Iranian landrace cultivars, Domsephid and Gerdeh, comprising 192 plants. An approximately normal distribution was observed for the heading date in the F2 population. A genetic linkage map with 88 informative microsa-tellite markers (SSR) was constructed, which covered 1367.9 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 18 cM between markers. Single marker analysis (SMA) and inter-val mapping (IM) procedures were used to detect the QTLs controlling heading date and QTLs identified were further confirmed using composite interval mapping (CIM). Six significant QTLs (LOD≥3.0) were identified for the heading date, of which three major QTLs mapped on chromosomes 6 (hd6), 7 (hd7) and 8 (hd8) had particularly high LOD scores and explained 23.5%, 19.8% and 20.5% of the total phenotypic variance, respec-tively. Three other minor QTLs detected for the heading date, located on chromosomes 1 (hd1), 3 (hd3) and 11 (hd11), accounted for 6.6%, 11.7% and 6.6% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The additive effect of a single QTL ranged from 1.67 to 3.91 days. In the QTL hd6, alleles from Domsephid were responsible for reducing the heading date, while in the other five QTLs, alleles from Gerdeh caused a decrease in the heading date. The QTLs hd1, hd3 and hd8 showed over dominance effects for increasing the heading date, whereas the other three QTLs had partial to incomplete dominance effects for in-creasing (hd7 and hd11) and reducing (hd6) the heading date. 9900 Physiological Races of Phytophthora sojae in Iran and Race –Specific Reactions of Some Soybean Cultivars Sadeghi Garmaroodi H. Mirabolfathi M. Babai H. Zeinali H. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Oilseed Crops Department, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. Plant Pest and Disease Research Institute, Plant Pathology Department,Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Oilseed Crops Department, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 243 249 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 Phytophthora root and crown rot of soybean is known as a destructive disease of soy-bean both through out the world and in Iran. Physiologic races of Phytophthora soja were determined in this research and also a fast, accurate and simple method for inoculation of soybean to test race specific resistance. During the years 2001-4, infected soybean plants at different growth stages were collected from different areas and 22 isolates of P. sojae were recovered using PARPH medium. Physiological races of the pathogen were deter-mined on differential seedling lines by the hypocotyl inoculation method. Ten seedlings from each differential line grown in a 10-cm pot were inoculated under greenhouse condi-tions (25ºC) by a 10-14 days old fungus (LBA medium). The reaction of the seedlings was classified after 5-6 days as resistant (70% or more of seedlings alive) or susceptible (70% or more of the seedlings killed). Most isolates were identified as race one, six as race three, one as race four and one as a putative race 13. Race-specific resistance of the 60 cultivars towards race three was determined. Some of them such as ‘TMS’, ‘Maverick and ‘Williams 82’ were considered as resistant cultivars. All experiments were repeated three times. 4227 Oil Composition of Iranian Major Nuts Safari M. Alizadeh H. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. Abourayhan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 7 2007 9 3 251 256 28 01 2010 28 01 2010 Iran annually exports considerable quantities of nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts, pista-chios and walnuts. The fatty acid profile of these nut oils as an index of their quality was determined using gas chromatography. Results indicated that oleic acid (C18:1) was the major fatty acid in almonds (75.37%), hazelnuts (76.21%) and pistachios (60.49%) fol-lowed by linoleic acid (C18:2), whereas in walnuts, the main fatty acid was linoleic acid (49.84%) followed by oleic acid. However, in all cases palmitic acid (C16:0) was detected at a much lower level than those of oleic and linoleic acid (7.26, 5.29, 7.20, 9.23%, respec-tively).