@article{ author = {Kumar, A. and Sharma, P. and Joshi, S.}, title = {Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Land Productivity in Indian Crop Agriculture: An Evidence from Panel Data Analysis}, abstract ={ The current study assessed the climate change impacts on land productivity of major food and non-food grain crops in India. We compiled panel data for 30 years (1980-2009) using fifteen crops across thirteen agriculture intensive states. The value of production for each crop is estimated by farm harvest price (at constant prices, 1993-1994). Aggregate value of production on per hectare land is regressed with different socio-economic and climatic factors using the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function model. Estimates based on Driscoll-Kraay standard errors and linear regression and correlated Panels Corrected Standard Errors (PCSEs) (Prais-Winsten) estimation indicate that land productivity decreases with increase in annual average maximum temperature. The study concludes that Indian policymakers need to increase more irrigation facilities and fertilizers for cultivation. Land productivity is positively associated with irrigation area, number of pump set and application of fertilizers on per hectare land. In brief, more irrigation facilities; recommended use of fertilizer; more investment in infrastructure; participation of more literate population in agricultural activities; government expenditure on agricultural and allied sectors, rural development, irrigation and flood control would be useful to mitigate the negative effect of climate change on agriculture and improve agricultural productivity (land productivity). Finally, our projected results based on simulation technique showed that climate change would cause a decline in land productivity by 48.63 percent by the year 2100 and loss of farmers’ income in India.}, Keywords = {Climatic change,Cobb-Douglas production function model,India,Land productivity,State-wise panel}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4491-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4491-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Taqipour, M. and Abbasi, E. and Naeimi, A. and Ganguly, S. and Zamani, N.}, title = {An Investigation of Self-Directed Learning Skills among the Iranian Agricultural Students (Case of Agricultural College, Tarbiat Modares University)}, abstract ={The readiness for self-directed learning among the students and its role in improving life-long learning skills has been emphasized recently. The present descriptive study aimed at analyzing the self-directed learning skills possessed by the students of agriculture at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (N= 414). As far as methodological design is concerned, the study has utilized Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table, and stratified random sampling technique, through which 201 students were selected as sample (n= 201). From this, 193 students filled and returned the research instrument (Return rate= 96%). A set of open ended questionnaires was developed, which was considered to be the main tool for the collection of required data. This prepared questionnaire was validated by a panel of experts of agricultural extension and education, subsequently; its reliability was also checked and confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (0.78-0.83). The results showed that the students could perceive the range of ‘moderate to high’ for all dimensions underlying self-directed learning skills. Based upon another part of results, the students with different educational levels, majors and grade point averages had different self-directed learning skills. It can be concluded that readiness for self-directed learning is a crucial factor for all students and should be taken into consideration in education planning with regard to each field. It is necessary to state that the educational system seeks to develop such skills to promote self-management, self-monitoring, and self-motivating as well as SDL skills among the students.}, Keywords = {Agricultural students,Iran,Life-long learning,Self-Directed Learning (SDL)}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-26}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6847-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6847-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ahmadpour, A. and Mirdamadi, S. M. and Soltani, S.}, title = {Attitude towards On-the-job E-learning: The Case of Agricultural Extension Workers in Iran}, abstract ={The successful adoption of e-learning systems is mainly dependent on the learners’ attitude and willingness to use them. This survey was conducted to investigate agricultural extension workers’ attitudes toward using e-learning for on-the-job training in Iran and factors which affect it. Using the stratified sampling technique a sample of 379 extension workers were selected from six provinces. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data through an interview method. Findings show that extension workers’ attitude toward e-learning is generally positive. Extension workers' knowledge of e-learning, access to technical support, and their motivation influence their attitude toward the use of e-learning for on-the job training. Therefore, recommendations are provided to promote the experts’ motivation, knowledge and to improve infrastructures.}, Keywords = {Agricultural extension workers,Attitude,E-learning,On-the-job training}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-38}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4238-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4238-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Elias, A. and Nohmi, M. and Yasunobu, K. and Ishida, A.}, title = {Farmers’ Satisfaction with Agricultural Extension Service and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study in North West Ethiopia}, abstract ={Customer satisfaction is the most important element for developing and sustaining organizational priorities and practices. Thus, we examined farmers’ overall satisfaction with agricultural extension services and its determinants using data collected from 150 beneficiary farmers in North West Ethiopia. The findings show that about 55% of the interviewees were satisfied whereas 45% of them were dissatisfied with the extension services, implying that the program still has a lot of room for improvement. The empirical result based on ordered logit model revealed that perceived economic return, regular extension contact, family size and off-farm income were driving factors for farmers’ satisfaction. On the other hand, limited technology choices, high price of inputs, inconvenient loan system and undefined boundary between the extension service and the local politics were among the reasons given by dissatisfied farmers. Thus, from a policy perspective, the findings suggest a need to develop demand-driven extension service instead of the existing supply-driven one. Such service should be aiming to enhance the rewards from farming in order to maintain participation and farmers` satisfaction, which influence the sustainability of the extension program.}, Keywords = {Agricultural extension service,Ethiopia,Farmers’ satisfaction,Ordered logit model}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-53}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6455-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6455-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, A. and ShabanaliFami, H.}, title = {Potato Growers’ Risk Perception: A Case Study in Ardabil Province of Iran}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to examine potato growers' perceptions of risk sources and risk management strategies and their risk management behavior. A Survey research method was used in this study. The data originated from a sample of potato growers (n= 128) of Ardabil Province in the cropping year of 2013. The respondents were divided into two groups of Less Risk-Averse (LRA) and More Risk-Averse (MRA). Results show that more than half of the respondents were MRA. In general, potato price, marketing and yield were important sources of risk. The MRA farmers perceived price, yield, input costs and subsidy elimination as highly important sources of risk. Change in farming practices times, sharing farm machinery and hedging were important perceived strategies. LRA farmers marked more importance to management strategies than their counterparts. Except for a few strategies, there was consistency between the growers’ perception and management behavior. The results also show that there were significant relationships between farmers’ perception of strategies and their application. The results have implications for agricultural policy makers, extension and advisory services on the brink of subsidy targeting policy in Iran.}, Keywords = {Ardabil,perception,Potato,Risk Management}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-65}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10465-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10465-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nikousaleh, A. and Prakash, J.}, title = {Antioxidant Properties of Selected Spices Used in Iranian Cuisine and Their Efficacy in Preventing Lipid Peroxidation in Meat Sausages}, abstract ={This study involved analyzing antioxidant properties of spices, namely clove (Syzygium aromaticum Linn.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum, syn C. zeylanicum Blume) and sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and exploring their efficacy in a food system. In the first part of the study, the antioxidant activity of water extract of spices treated at different temperatures were measured by three different methods namely, DPPH, reducing power and phosphomolybdenum complex assay and the results were compared to control unheated sample. In the second part, these three spices were incorporated in home-made sausages separately and stored for a month under refrigeration during which Free Fatty Acids (FFA) and Peroxide Value (PV) were measured every 10th day. The results were compared with control sample (without spices). Results showed that, extracts of heat treated spices had higher antioxidant activity in comparison with the control sample and sausages with added spices showed lower levels of FFA and PV in comparison with control samples. It can be concluded that spices possessed antioxidant properties and heat treatment had a positive effect on antioxidant activity and they were effective in delaying oxidation in sausages, hence they can be used as sources of natural antioxidants.}, Keywords = {Cinnamon,clove,Free fatty acids,Peroxide value,Sumac}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {67-78}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10017-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10017-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {JabriKaroui, I. and Msaada, K. and Abderrabba, M. and Marzouk, B.}, title = {Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Thyme-Enriched Refined Corn Oil}, abstract ={This study was designed to examine bioactive compounds of the thyme-enriched corn oil and to determine the antioxidant activity of its methanolic extract. Volatile compounds composition was investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), whereas phenolic compounds analysis was performed by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antioxidant activities of the flavoured oil methanolic extract were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching, reducing power and total antioxidant assays. Flavoured oil major volatiles were p-cymene (26.47%), α-thujene (24.06%) and γ-terpinene (14.30%). Its methanolic extract had higher Total Phenol Contents (TPCs) (53.99 mg 100 g-1) than that of the crude oil (23.63 mg 100 g-1). Thymol was the main phenolic compound in the flavoured oil (55.84%). Flavoured oil methanolic extract showed higher total antioxidant activity (185.22 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) 100 g-1) than that of the crude one (100.66 mg GAE 100 g-1). In β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and DPPH radical scavenging assays, flavoured oil methanolic extract showed higher activities than that of the crude oil based on IC50values. Flavoured and crude oils were characterized by a close CE50values (1.81 and 1.85 mg mL-1, respectively). Antioxidant activities of the thyme-enriched oil were mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds such as thymol and hydrocarbons such as γ-terpinene and p- cymene. The thyme-enriched oil could be considered as a new and natural source of antioxidant.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant activity,Corn oil,Essential oil,Polyphenols,Thymus capitatus}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-91}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6164-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6164-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Baraiya, N. S. and RamanaRao, T. V. and Thakkar, V. R.}, title = {Composite Coating as a Carrier of Antioxidants Improves the Postharvest Shelf Life and Quality of Table Grapes (Vitis vinifera L. var. Thompson Seedless)}, abstract ={Composite edible coating comprising xanthan gum (0.3%) and olive oil (0.1%) enriched with antioxidants (gallic acid 0.1%, ferulic acid 0.1% and ascorbic acid 0.1%) enhanced the postharvest storability and nutritional quality of table grapes. The quality characteristics of table grapes were monitored during storage at 10±2°C, (70–75% RH), at regular intervals of 6 days until 24 days of storage. Xanthan gum combined with olive oil reduced the weight loss, decay occurrence, accumulation of total soluble solids and total sugars by reducing the rate of respiration and metabolism in the coated fruit. Moreover, incorporation of antioxidants in coating enhanced the level of phenolics, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant activity in grapes. The activities of cell wall modifying enzymes such as Polygalacturonase (PG) and Pectate Lyase (PL) were reduced in the fruits of treated sets as compared to that of the control set. These results suggest that the composite coating delayed the ripening and softening process in grapes and thereby extended their shelf life up to 24 days, while the control grapes were decayed on the 12th day.}, Keywords = {Composite edible coating,Nutritional quality,phenolic compounds,shelf life,Vitis vinifera L}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {93-107}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3814-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3814-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shabani, A. and Dastar, B. and Hassani, S. and Khomeiri, M. and Shabanpour, B.}, title = {Decreasing the Effects of Aflatoxins on Color and Oxidative Stability of Broiler Meats using Nanozeolite}, abstract ={This study was carried out to evaluate how various amounts of nanozeolite decrease the effects of Aflatoxins (AF) on color and oxidative stability of the broiler thigh meat. Three hundred and thirty six one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were divided into six groups including a control group, which received diet without AF and nanozeolite, and five treatment groups that received diet with 0.5 ppm of AF, as well as 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% of nanozeolite. Results showed that broilers fed by AF contaminated diet without nanozeolite had the highest rate of L* and a* values and the lowest rate of b* value (P> 0.05). AF contaminated diet without nanozeolite increased ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBA-RS) significantly, compared to the control group and the treatment groups that received AF and nanozeolite (P< 0.05). Results suggest that nanozeolite (especially 0.75 and 1%) is able to reduce the adverse effects of AF on meat quality, especially lipid oxidation.}, Keywords = {Lipid oxidation,Meat quality,Thigh,Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {109-121}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12323-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12323-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Vatankhah, H. and Zamindar, N. and Shahedi, M.}, title = {Geometry Simplification of Wrinkled Wall Semi-rigid Aluminum Containers in Heat Transfer Simulation}, abstract ={Semi-rigid aluminum containers are being used widely in food industries. They have wrinkle shaped walls for strengthening their physical structure. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of wrinkled parts on the heat transfer and temperature distribution of the containers by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. Therefore, a precise designed geometry of the wrinkled walls container was compared to a straight one. The analysis was carried out based on the physical properties of a carrot-orange soup. The velocity vectors showed a strong circulation towards the core. The Slowest Heating Zone (SHZ) locations were the same for wrinkled and simplified containers. Average temperature of the symmetric plane and the coldest point of SHZ showed less than 1% difference. The lethality imposed to the SHZ in the wrinkled wall container was about 0.4% more than the straight one. The simulation results revealed that wrinkled walls do not play an important role in increasing heat transfer and as a result, such geometries could be simplified while modeling.}, Keywords = {Can geometry,CFD,Heat Transfer,Semi-rigid aluminum container,SHZ,Wrinkled wall}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {123-133}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1785-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1785-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Taghinia, P. and AtayeSalehi, E. and Sheikholesami, Z.}, title = {Impact of Pretreated Rice Bran on Wheat Dough Performance and Barbari Bread Quality}, abstract ={In this research roasted and sonicated rice bran were added at different levels (0, 5, 10, and 15% w/w) to wheat flour for the production of semi-voluminous bread. Dough's rheological properties as well as textural and sensory characteristics of bread were investigated. The results showed that water absorption (%), development time (min) and the degree of dough softening (FU) were increased but dough stability (min) was decreased by adding pretreated rice bran. Adding pretreated rice bran increased the moisture content and L* value of bread crust. The texture of samples which contained 10% pretreated rice bran during 3 hours after baking was less stiff than the control. However, there was no significant difference between samples which contained 5, 10% of rice bran and the sample without rice bran (P< 0.05) 48 hours after baking. Finally, the samples with 10% rice bran were selected as the most productive samples in this research by panelists.}, Keywords = {Barbari bread,Rice bran,Roasting,Ultrasound}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {135-144}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8067-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8067-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Promyou, S. and Supapvanich, S.}, title = {Physicochemical Changes in ‘Kaew Kamin’ Mango Fruit Illuminated with UltraViolet-C (UV-C) during Storage}, abstract ={The effects of UV-C illumination at the dosage of 6.6 kJ m-2 on postharvest quality of mango fruit cv. ‘Kaew Kamin’ during storage at 25 or 12°C were investigated. The changes in fresh weight, texture, Ripening Index (RI), peel and pulp colours, visual appearance, Total Carotenoids (TC) and Ascorbic Acid (AsA) content were determined on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 of storage. UV-C irradiation effectively maintained the fruit firmness and delayed the increase in RI and the loss of peel greenness over storage. No treatment had any effects on pulp yellowness over storage. The incorporation of UV-C illumination and refrigerated storage (12°C) prevented postharvest disease and maintained nutritional values such as TC and AsA content. In conclusion, UV-C irradiation appears an effective alternative approach to maintain postharvest quality and nutritional values and to extend shelf-life of ‘Kaew Kamin’ mango fruit.}, Keywords = {Mango,Postharvest quality,UV-C light}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {145-154}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3400-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3400-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ramezani, H. and Grafstrom, A. and Naghavi, H. and Fallah, A. and Shataee, Sh. and Soosani, J.}, title = {Evaluation of K-tree Distance and Fixed-Sized Plot Sampling in Zagros Forests of Western Iran}, abstract ={Three k-tree distance and fixed-sized plot designs were used for estimating tree density in sparse Oak forests. These forests cover the main part of the Zagros mountain area in western Iran. They are non-timber-oriented forest but important for protection purposes. The main objective was to investigate the statistical performance of k-tree distance and fixed-sized plot designs in the estimation of tree density. In addition, the cost (time required) of data collection using both k-tree distance and fixed-sized plot designs was estimated. Monte-Carlo sampling simulation was used in order to compare the different strategies. The bias of the k-tree distance designs estimators decreased with increasing the value of k. The Moore’s estimator produced the smallest bias, followed by Kleinn and Vilcko andthen Prodan. In terms of cost-efficiency, Moore’s estimator was the best and Prodan’s estimator was superior to Kleinn and Vilcko’s estimator. Cost-efficiency of k-tree distance design is related to three factors: sample size, the value of k, and spatial distribution of trees in a forest stand. Moore’s estimator had the best statistical performance in terms of bias, in all four-study sites. Thus, it can be concluded that Moore’s estimator can have a better performance in forests with different tree distribution.}, Keywords = {Boundary correction,Monte-Carlo simulation,Oak forest,Plot less sampling,Variable plot sampling}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {155-170}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4644-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4644-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Gharibi, M. R. and Nematollahi, M. A. and Agh, N. and Atashbar, B.}, title = {Life Cycle of the Fairy Shrimp, Phallocryptus spinosa Milne Edwards, 1840 (Crustacea: Anostraca) at Different Temperatures}, abstract ={This study was conducted to evaluate a temperature regime ranged from 15 to 30°C on survival, growth, life span and reproductive traits (reproductive period, clutch number, offspring number) of Phallocryptus spinosa from Iran. Newly hatched nauplii (N= 200 and 3 replicates per each treatment) were allocated into containers and maintained at various temperature regimes (at 15, 20, 25 and 30˚C). During trial, the larvae were fed with unicellular algae Dunaliella tertiolecta and Lansy PZ (lipid-enriched yeast). Survival and growth rate of P. spinosa with an interval of 3 days to 18 days were examined. After attaining adulthood, 16 pairs of adult P. spinosa were transferred from all culture vessels into separate containers supplied with 300 ml of brackish water (5 ppt) and similar temperatures to compare their life span and reproductive traits. Based on results obtained, maximum growth at shortest period (13.2±2.0 mm on day 12) was observed at 30°C; whereas, all P. spinosa died before reaching sexual maturity by day 15. Maximum survival (86%) was observed at 15°C; however, minimum growth also was obtained at the same temperature with none of P. spinosa reaching sexual adulthood. On the 18th day, P. spinosa reached sexual adulthood only at 20 and 25°C. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in most of the reproductive traits especially in total egg production per female at 20°C. Thus, it seems that 20°C is the suitable temperature to rear this fairy shrimp. Future studies should be focused on the feasibility of mass production of this species as a valuable live feed in the aquaculture industry.}, Keywords = {Fairy shrimp,Growth,Survival,Life span,Reproductive characteristics}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {171-177}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7626-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7626-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tazerouni, Z. and Talebi, A. A. and Fathipour, Y. and Soufbaf, M.}, title = {Bottom-up Effect of Two Host Plants on Life Table Parameters of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)}, abstract ={Aphis gossypii Glover is one of the most important pests of greenhouse cucumber and pepper in the world and Iran. In this research, life table and biology of A. gossypii were investigated on cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Super Sultan) and pepper (Capsicum annum cv. Marqueza) in a growth chamber at 25±1°C and 60±5% RH and a photoperiod of 14 L: 10 D hour.The results showed thatdevelopmental time of A. gossypii on pepper was significantly longer than that on cucumber. The survival rates of A. gossypii on cucumber and pepper were significantly differentbased on Kolmogrov-Smirnov test results. The survival rates (lx) at the beginning of female emergence were 94 and 66% on cucumber and pepper, respectively. Life expectancy (ex) of the newly-bornnymphs of A. gossypii were obtained as 26.37 and 14.4 days on cucumber and pepper, respectively. The highest age-specific daily fecundity of A. gossypii was at the 5th and 6th days of female adult age on cucumber and from first to 4th days of female adult life on pepper. Furthermore, two mathematical models (Analytis and Enkegaard) were fitted to age-specific fecundity data (mx). Adult longevity of A. gossypii on cucumber was significantly higher than that on pepper. The R0, rm and λ-values of A. gossypii on cucumber were significantly higher than those on pepper. The cotton aphid exhibited longer mean generation time (T) on pepper than that on cucumber. According to the growth index and life table statistics, cucumber was the suitable host plant for A. gossypii.}, Keywords = {Aphid,Cucumber,Demography,Iran,Pepper}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {179-190}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4835-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4835-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Soltani, A. and Bakker, M. and Veldkamp, A. and Stoorvogel, J.}, title = {Comparison of Three Modelling Approaches to Simulate Regional Crop Yield: A Case Study of Winter Wheat Yield in Western Germany}, abstract ={The need for more comparisons among models is widely recognized. This study aimed to compare three different modelling approaches for their capability to simulate and predict trends and patterns of winter wheat yield in Western Germany. The three modelling approaches included an empirical model, a process-based model (LINTUL2), and a metamodel derived from the process-based model. The models outcomes were aggregated to general climate zones level of Western Germany to allow for a comparison with agricultural census data for validation purposes. The spatial patterns and temporal trends of winter wheat yield seemed to be better represented by the empirical model (R2= 70%, RMSE= 0.48 t ha-1 yr-1, and CV-RMSE= 8%) than by the LINTUL2 model (R2= 65%, RMSE= 0.67 t ha-1 yr-1, and CV-RMSE=11%) and the metamodel (R2= 57%, RMSE= 0.77 t ha-1 yr-1, and CV-RMSE=13%). All models demonstrated a similar order of magnitude of yield prediction and associated uncertainties. The suitability of the three models is context dependent. Empirical modelling is most suitable to analyze and project past and current crop-yield patterns, while crop growth simulation models are more suited for future projections with climate scenarios. The derived metamodels are fast reliable alternatives for areas with well calibrated crop growth simulation models. A model comparison helps to reveal shortcomings and strengths of the models. In our case, a performance comparison between the three modelling approaches indicated that, for simulating winter wheat growth in Western Germany, higher sensitivity to soil depth and lower sensitivity to drought in the LINTUL2 model would probably lead to better predictions.}, Keywords = {Crop growth simulation model,Climate Change,Metamodel,Regression analysis,LINTUL2}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {191-206}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2579-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2579-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bazrafshan, A. H. and Ehsanzadeh, P.}, title = {Evidence for Differential Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Sesamum indicum L. Genotypes under NaCl Salinity}, abstract ={As sesame is a somewhat neglected crop, information concerning its response to salinity is lacking. The effects of NaCl stress were studied on seven genotypes of Sesamum indicum L. The 6-weeks-old sesame seedlings were treated with different NaCl concentrations (0, 30, and 60 mM). The NaCl caused significant decreases in fresh and dry mass of all genotypes; however responses of genotypes to the salt were significantly different. Based on the data obtained for fresh and dry mass accumulation, the genotypes were divided into two groups: i.e. salt-tolerant (Ardestan, Varamin, and Darab) and salt-sensitive (Naz-Takshakheh, Naz-Chandshakheh, Yekta and Oltan). Lipid peroxidation was recorded to be the lowest in cv. ‘Varamin’, ‘Darab’, and ‘Ardestan’ (tolerant group), whereas it was recorded to be maximum in genotypes ‘Naz-Takshakhe’, ‘Naz-Chandshakhe’, ‘Oltan’ and ‘Yekta’ (sensitive group) in the 60 mM NaCl treatment. In both 30 and 60 mM NaCl treatments, the activities of SuperOxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) were found to be higher in the tolerant group, compared to the sensitive group of genotypes. The accumulation of proline in the sesame leaves under saline conditions was higher in tolerant group, compared to the sensitive genotypes. It seems that in the salt-tolerant genotypes of sesame, increases in antioxidant enzymes activities and proline accumulation, along with a lower lipid peroxidation at cellular membranes, led to a higher level of tolerance to the salt.}, Keywords = {Lipid oxidation,Proline,Salt stress,Sesame}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {202-222}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5937-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5937-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bijelić, S. M. and Gološin, B. R. and Cerović, S. B. and Bogdanović, B. V.}, title = {A Comparison of Grafting Methods for the Production of Quality Planting Material of Promising Cornelian Cherry Selections (Cornus mas L.) in Serbia}, abstract ={The Cornelian cherry is one of those less common but, nevertheless, interesting fruit species found in Serbia which can be used both for food and medicine. Due to a great importance of Cornelian cherry fruits as safe food and a wide interest in growing this fruit species, this research was focused on examining the production technique of quality planting material of particularly large-fruit selections of Cornelian cherry in Serbia. In the region and even beyond, there are no Cornelian cherry plantations due to a lack of planting material. To that end, the best Cornelian cherry selections selected in Serbia were grafted onto generative rootstocks of a Cornelian cherry in two periods: I (bud grafting in August) and II (spring whip grafting in April ), and the success of grafting, the effect of grafting period, and quality of produced nursery stock were assessed. The study of five large-fruit genotypes (CPC16, APRANI, BACKA, R1 and PPC1) during two years (2011 and 2012) showed that, on average, bud grafting in August (69.38%) was statistically significantly more successful than whip grafting in April (25.33%). The greatest grafting success was achieved in the period I with APRANI (83.62%) and BACKA (76.42%), while the poorest success was with CPC16 (21.67%) in the period II. On average, other examined parameters of young tree quality (height, diameter of plants, number and length of formed roots) did not indicate any statistically significant differences between the grafting periods. In this research, a technology was established for producing quality young trees of the Cornelian cherry.}, Keywords = {Bud grafting,Large-fruit genotype,Whip grafting,Nursery stock}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {223-231}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1758-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1758-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Castillo-Godina, R. G. and Foroughbakhch-Pournavab, R. and Benavides-Mendoza, A.}, title = {Effect of Selenium on Elemental Concentration and Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity of Tomato Plants}, abstract ={Selenium is an essential element for humans, therefore, adding it to plants is convenient for biofortification. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze experimentally the ability of sodium selenite to increase the concentration of Se and modify the antioxidant activity in tomato plants. We used plants of the Toro hybrid variety and applied three treatments: 0, 2 and 5 mg L-1 of selenium as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) using an irrigation system. Three samplings 40, 80, and 120 days after transplantation and a quantification of the accumulation of selenium and macronutrients in leaves, stems, and fruits were carried out. Plant height, stem diameter, firmness, and total solids of fruits and total dry matter were measured. The enzyme activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was quantified. The results indicated positive effects of Se on agronomic variables of the plants and fruit quality; however, fruit production showed no significant differences. Se had no effect on the concentration of the macro and micronutrients. The addition of 5 mg L-1 of Se resulted in significant increases in the concentration of selenium on a dry basis, reaching 20.4 µg g-1 in leaves, 52.3 µg g-1 in stems, and 35.8 µg g-1 in fruits. The increase in enzyme activity in the fruits was enhanced by the application of 5 mg L-1 of Se: There was up to 352.7% more catalase activity, 312.2% more glutathione peroxidase activity, and 200.8% more superoxide dismutase activity compared with the control.}, Keywords = {Biofortification,Catalase,Glutathione peroxidase,Sodium selenite,Superoxide dismutase}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {233-244}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3466-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3466-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sen, F. and Oksar, R. and Kesgin, M.}, title = {Effects of Shading and Covering on ‘Sultana Seedless’ Grape Quality and Storability}, abstract ={This study aimed to determine the effects of different shading ratio and covers on “Sultana Seedless” table grape quality and storability. Grapevines were covered at the veraison stage with 3 shading nets (0, 35, and 75% shading), which were then replaced with covering materials including Polypropylene Cross-stitch (PC), Life Pack (LP) and Mogul (MG), just before harvest. Harvested grapes in all treatments were then kept for 90 days under cold storage (-0.5°C). Postharvest decay development and decreases in sensory quality were observed in unshaded grapes and in those covered with 35% shading net and later covered with life pack. Total soluble solids content, maturity index, and color value (C* and ho) were found lower in 75% shaded grapes compared to unshaded plots. Effects of the tested applications on quality attributes either decreased or vanished during storage. All tested cover materials following shading nets could delay harvest for 50 days. Consequently, in addition to delaying harvest time, PC or MG covers used after 35 % shading allowed higher quality and successful storage of grapes for an additional 90 days.}, Keywords = {Late harvest,On-vine storage,Photon flux density,Post-harvest decay,Shading nets}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {245-254}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5495-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5495-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Diengngan, S. and Mahadevamma, M. and Murthy, B. N.}, title = {Efficacy of In vitro Propagation and Crown Sizes on the Performance of Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch) cv. Festival under Field Condition}, abstract ={In vitro propagated and conventional runner propagated plantlets of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch) cv. ‘Festival’ were transferred to the field and the size of crown for plants derived from both sources of planting material were compared. Four sizes of the crown, i.e., < 0.5, 0.5-0.8, 0.8-1, and > 1 cm were taken from both sources of planting material. The results obtained flashed that vegetative and reproductive responses of in vitro propagated plants in the field were superior over the runner propagated plants. The upshots among the various crown sizes of the planting material revealed that the plants of crown size > 1 cm performed better in all the vegetative and reproductive parameters like number of crowns per plant, number of leaves, plant height, number of runners, plant spread, terminal leaf area, number of days to flower induction, number of flowers, number of fruits, average fruit weight and fruit size. Thus, in vitro propagated derived plants can be advocated for large scale commercial cultivation. The crown size > 1 cm can be set as a selection criterion for planting materials.}, Keywords = {Direct regenerated shoot,Field performance,in vitro propagated plants,Runner derived plants,Strawberry}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {255-264}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3538-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3538-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohawesh, O.}, title = {Utilizing Deficit Irrigation to Enhance Growth Performance and Water-use Efficiency of Eggplant in Arid Environments}, abstract ={The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on physiological and agronomic terms of eggplant to maximize the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) without affecting the final yield and fruit quality parameters under arid environment. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted at two different sites: Ghor Al-Safi, Jordan Valley and Sail Al-Karak, Karak Valley, Karak Province, Jordan, using a common eggplant cultivar (Classic) using five irrigation levels: 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% based on field capacity. The most stressful Deficit Irrigation (DI) treatments (40 and 20%) resulted in significant effects on leaf area, leaf relative water content, leaf water potential and leaf mineral content. Biochemical parameters also showed an increase in proline and a decrease in chlorophyll content under water deficit conditions. Fruit weight and total yield decreased with DI. The control (100% irrigation treatment) plants revealed higher nutrient contents than the water-stressed plants. The fruit TSS and titratable acidity were increased at both sites as the irrigation regime decreased from 100 to 20%. Fruit nutrient content decreased with increasing water deficit. However, the differences were not significant between the control (100% irrigation treatment) and the 80% irrigation treatment. The 80% treatment showed high water use efficiency with relatively small effects on plant growth performance compared with the control. As a result, DI level at 80% can be utilized to increase WUE without a significant effect on crop growth performance.}, Keywords = {Arid and semi-arid environments,Crop quality,Deficit irrigation,Water use efficiency,Yield}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {265-276}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1211-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1211-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Salahlou, R. and Safaie, N. and Shams-Bakhsh, M.}, title = {Genetic Diversity of Macrophomina phaseolina Populations, the Causal Agent of Sesame Charcoal Rot Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers}, abstract ={Macrophomina phaseolina is an important soil-borne pathogen causing charcoal rot in many important crop plants including sesame, in Iran. A total of 60 isolates of M. phaseolina were collected from the main sesame producing regions in ten provinces of Iran. The genetic diversity among M. phaseolina populations was estimated using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), focusing particularly on geographic differentiation. Five ISSR primers generated 105 discernible DNA bands, of which 85 (77.11%) were polymorphic. The greatest value of variability (PPB: 60.00%; H: 0.185; I: 0.284) was estimated for Fars population, whereas the least variability (PPB: 9.52%; H: 0.042; I: 0.060) was estimated for Kerman population. Total gene diversity exhibited high levels of variability (HT = 0.186). Analysis of molecular variance indicated a large proportion of genetic variability within populations.}, Keywords = {Sesamum indicum L,ISSR,Geographic populations,Genetic differentiation}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {277-287}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11803-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11803-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Poudel, M. P. and Chen, S. E. and Huang, W. C.}, title = {Pricing of Rainfall Index Insurance for Rice and Wheat in Nepal}, abstract ={The adverse effect of climate change on agriculture has increased the importance of weather index insurance, particularly in developing countries. By using several econometric models, this study estimated the price and evaluated its effectiveness in rainfall index insurance for rice and wheat in Nepal. Crop yields associated with seasonal rainfall in three crop reporting districts were applied for actuarial estimation. The primary findings suggest that well designed weather index insurance is helpful to reduce the yield risk and stabilize farm income for rice, but results vary across crops and districts. The study results imply that rainfall index insurance is a promising insurance product, particularly for rice. Implementation of rainfall index insurance could increase the investment in cereal production in Nepal.}, Keywords = {rainfall index insurance,premium rate,risk reduction,certainty equivalent revenues,Nepal}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {291-302}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5802-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5802-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Akin, S.}, title = {Impact Assessment of an Integrated Dairy Farming Project in Turkey Financed by Europe Funds}, abstract ={Correction of wrong practices or thoughts by the producer or the adoption of a new production technique shows the success of rural development studies. This study was conducted to assess the effect of Integrated Dairy Farming Project on the Çakmak and Ekinciler villages before and after implementing the European funded “Integrated Dairy Cattle Project” carried out by the Diyarbakır Commercial Exchange in southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey, in 2006. Project villages have enough arable lands and dry farming is performed. The number of cattle is increasing compared to the other villages in the province. In order to make a comparison between the years, three surveys were conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2009 by using questionnaires. The findings of the research show that a considerable portion of the respondents (37%) stated that they did not trust the analysis of this kind of project that had not taken into consideration the rural needs. While 54.4% of the farmers wanted to sell their milk to cooperatives in 2007, the same farmers in 2009 stated that they would not sell to cooperatives. In addition, 47.8% of the farmers trusted and benefitted from Europe (EU) project training programmes in 2007, while selling rate decreased to 35.6% in 2009. Furthermore, 30% of the participants mentioned that they could not trust the project staff since the project duration was short. Because of the reasons mentioned, participation in the project was realized at low level.}, Keywords = {Dairy farming,European funded projects,Project participation,Rural development,Rural sociology}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {303-314}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7455-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7455-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ciurescu, G. and Ropota, M. and Toncea, I. and Habeanu, M.}, title = {Camelia (Camelina sativa L. Crantz Variety) Oil and Seeds as n-3 Fatty Acids Rich Products in Broiler Diets and Its Effects on Performance, Meat Fatty Acid Composition, Immune Tissue Weights, and Plasma Metabolic Profile}, abstract ={The study was carried out to investigate the effects of Camelia (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) variety (CS) oil or seeds on performance, meat quality, immunity and plasma metabolic profile in broiler chickens. The broilers (n= 2,080, Cobb 500) were randomly allocated (sex ratio 1:1) for 32-day experimental periods (from 11d to 42 d) to 4 experimental groups: Control (corn-soybean meal-full fat soy based diet), Group I (with CS oil added at 2.5%), Group II (5% CS seeds), and Group III (10% CS seeds, respectively) of 520 birds each, and received the diets ad libitum. Gas chromatography method was used to determine the fatty acid profile of the ingredients and breast muscle. At slaughter (42 day), a simplified analysis of the carcasses was conducted. The thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were aseptically removed and weighed. Results indicated that the adding of 2.5% CSoil and 5% CS seed did not have a negative effect on performance and carcass characteristics (i.e. carcass yield, legs, and breast proportions). Chickens fed the diet containing 10% CS seed had significantly decreased (P< 0.001) BW gain. A significant decrease was also observed in the proportion of abdominal fat (P< 0.05) in carcasses with increasing levels of CS seeds in the diet. However, the diets with CS oil and seeds led to significant increases in omega n-3 fatty acids profile in the breast muscle, mainly α-linolenic acid (P< 0.0001), eicosapentaenoic acid(P< 0.0301), docosapentaenoic acid (P< 0.0123) and docosahexaenoic acid (P< 0.0026). The diets did not significantly affect the spleens and thymus weights, plasma enzymes activity, and total immunoglobulin (Ig) content. Plasma energy profile showed a tendency (P< 0.066) towards increased triglyceride content and significantly decreased total cholesterol (P< 0.019) and its fractions (P< 0.001) in the groups receiving CS oil and seeds in the diet.}, Keywords = {Blood parameters,Carcass characteristics,Chickens,Immunity,Meat quality}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {315-326}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4330-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4330-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zhandi, M. and Sharideh, H. and Zaghari, M. and Akhlaghi, A.}, title = {Dietary Zinc Oxide and 6-Phytase Effects on Fertility Rate in Old Broiler Breeder Hens}, abstract ={The effects of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and E. Coli-derived 6-phytase supplemented-diet on the reproductive performance in aged broiler breeder hens and on immune responses of their progeny chicks were studied. In a 2×4 factorial arrangement, 2 inclusion levels (0 or 300 U kg-1 diet) of E. coli-derived phytase and 4 inclusion levels (30, 60, 90, and 120 mg kg-1 diet) of ZnO were provided from 62 throughout 72 weeks of age. A total of 128 hens were randomly assigned into 8 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 4 hens each. During 66 to 71 weeks of age, egg production and egg weights were daily recorded. Results showed that ZnO and ZnO×phytase interaction affected the egg weight and fertility rate (P< 0.01). Adding ZnO and phytase to diet increased the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and liver in the hatchlings. Also, the interactive effect of ZnO and phytase on the relative weight of heart was significantly affected by the hatchlings (P< 0.01). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ZnO and E. coli-derived 6-phytase profoundly improved the fertility rate in aged broilers breeder hens, although the effects on immunity of their progeny were negligible.}, Keywords = {Aging,Dietary supplementation,Hatchability,Late production,Reproduction}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {327-336}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6982-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6982-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kordi, M. and Naserian, A. A. and Valizadeh, R. and Tahmasbi, A. M. and Safarian, M.}, title = {Improving Qualitative Properties of Extruded Linseed as Mixed with Different Absorbent Materials in Iran}, abstract ={Limited data exist about the production of extruded linseed as a feed ingredient in farm animal nutrition. The objective of this study was to produce and evaluate extruded linseed mixed with alfalfa hay, pistachio by-products, and sugar beet pulp or corn grain in different proportions of linseed: alfalfa hay: pistachio by-products at ratios of 70:15:15, 70:20:10, 70:10:20, and 80:10:10 for quality parameters and in situ rumen Dry Matter (DM) degradability. Using a completely randomized design, the treatment containing alfalfa hay had higher Extrusion Effectiveness (EE), Water Holding Capacity (WHC), and Angle of Repose (AR), but lower Oil Loss (OL) and Bulk Density (BD) than other treatments (P< 0.05). There were no differences among extruded linseed products with different ratios of linseed: alfalfa: pistachio by-products for EE, WHC, and AR (P> 0.05). The treatment with an 80:10:10 ratio had the highest OL among all treatments and the treatment with a 70:15:15 ratio had lower BD than the others (P< 0.05). The DM degradability parameters of extruded products was affected by the absorbents and the treatment containing alfalfa hay had higher potential DM degradability than other treatments (P< 0.05). In conclusion, extruded treatment with alfalfa hay had the highest EE, oil retention capacity and potential rumen DM degradability compared to other treatments. In addition, extruded linseed product with an 80:10:10 ratio of linseed: alfalfa hay: pistachio by-products had higher OL than the other ratios.}, Keywords = {Alfalfa,Fat absorption capacity,Pistachio by-products}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {337-345}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11576-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11576-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kamely, M. and KarimiTorshizi, M. A. and Khosravinia, H.}, title = {Omega-3 Enrichment of Quail Eggs: Age, Fish Oil, and Savory Essential Oil}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to develop a diet suitable for obtaining quail eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids with minimum disadvantages on egg quality. This 12 weeks study was performed to investigate the effects of Fish Oil (FO) and Savory (Satureja khuzestanica) Essential Oil (EO) supplementation in diets of laying quails at different ages, on their performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition, and oxidation of egg yolk. One hundred and ninety-two Japanese quails were allocated to 8 groups (24 birds in each) with four replicates (having 6 birds in each) in a factorial arrangement with 3 variables: Age (31 and 12 weeks), FO (0 and 15 g kg-1), and EO (0 and 500 mg kg-1). The results showed that FO supplementation partially improved feed conversion ratio, hen-day egg production, egg weight and egg mass. There were no significant differences in albumen and shell weight percentage, but yolk percentage was significantly lower in FO groups. Savory essential oil significantly decreased shell thickness (P< 0.05). Percentage of yolk eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) increased but Arachidonic Acid (AA) percentage and the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids decreased in the eggs of the birds fed on diets supplemented with FO. Also EO supplementation decreased omega-3 enriched egg yolk lipids oxidation during refrigeration and room temperature preservation. Thus, it is possible to produce quail's n-3 enriched eggs, which can improve public health and be used for marketing purposes without any loss in eggs quality through dietary administration of FO and EO.}, Keywords = {Dietary administration,Herbal antioxidant,Quail n-3 enriched eggs,performance,Yolk oxidative stability}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {347-359}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8354-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8354-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ziaee, M. and Atapour, M. and Marouf, A.}, title = {Insecticidal Efficacy of Iranian Diatomaceous Earths on Adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis}, abstract ={Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a dust composed of fossilized bodies of unicellular algae used as an insecticide. In this study, the insecticidal potential of four Iranian DE deposits was assessed in adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). Three of DE deposits were collected from Maragheh, Mamaghan, and Khorasan Jonoobi mines and Sayan® formulation was obtained from Kimia Sabz Avar Company. The insect adults were exposed on wheat, peeled barley, and rice treated with 300, 600, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm of the DE deposits. Experiments were conducted at 27±1°Cand 55±5% RH in continuous darkness. Mortality of the exposed individuals was counted after 2, 5, 10, and 14 days of exposure on the treated substrate. Mortality increased with increasing exposure intervals and concentration level. Satisfactory level of protection was observed on wheat grain; as 100% mortality was recorded on wheat treated with 600 ppm of all tested DE deposits after a 10-day exposure. However, for rice, even after 10 days of exposure to 2000 ppm mortality didn’t reach 100%. The lowest LC50 value (39 ppm) was obtained in wheat treated with Khorasan DE sample and the highest one (908 ppm) was achieved in rice treated with Sayan®. The present study suggests that Iranian DEs may be used as potential grain protectants in stored-product pest management programs.}, Keywords = {Barley storage,Pest management,Rice storage,Stored grain protectant,Wheat storage}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {361-370}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10736-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10736-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Dogan, A. and Erler, F. and Erkan, M. and Ates, A. and SuleSabanci, H. and Polat, E.}, title = {Microbial-based Production System: A Novel Approach for Plant Growth and Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse-grown Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)}, abstract ={A fundamental shift to a total system approach for crop management in greenhouses is urgently needed to resolve escalating economic and environmental consequences of long-lasting undesired effects of synthetic pesticides used in combating agricultural pests. The aim of this study was to examine a potential new approach i.e. Microbial-based Production System (MPS) for greenhouse-grown peppers. For this purpose, a two-year experiment in greenhouse was carried out in southwestern Turkey (Antalya) in 2011 and 2012, and only microbial-based products were used to suppress and control invertebrate pests (insects, mites, nematodes, gastropods, etc.) and diseases. In addition, biostimulants, inoculants, and bioyield enhancers were used for plant growth, being supported with three macro elements (NPK: Nitrogen– Phosphorus–Potassium) that are considered to be essential elements for plant growth and development. A conventional plot, largely based on the use of synthetic chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, was included as the control. The efficacy of the MPS was evaluated by monitoring the population development of the key arthropod pests, such as the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) etc. and their natural enemies compared with that in a Conventional Production System (CPS). The results showed significantly lower numbers of the key pests, but higher numbers of natural enemies were seen in the MPS of greenhouse-grown peppers compared with the CPS throughout the study. Total yield was relatively higher in the CPS than the MPS in both experimental years.}, Keywords = {Arthropod pests,Biostimulants,Conventional production system,Microbial products}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {371-386}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5616-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5616-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zhao, S. and Wang, Q. and Yao, Y. and Du, S. and Zhang, C. and Li, J. and Zhao, J.}, title = {Estimating and Validating Wheat Leaf Water Content with Three MODIS Spectral Indexes: A Case Study in Ningxia Plain, China}, abstract ={Water content plays an important role in the process of plant photosynthesis and biomass accumulation. Many methods have been developed to retrieve canopy leaf water content from remote sensing data. However, the validity of these methods has not been verified, which limits their applications. This study estimates the Leaf Water Content (LWC) of winter wheat with three most widely used indexes: Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Simple Ratio (SR), and Shortwave Infrared Perpendicular Water Stress Index (SPSI), as well as MODIS short wave and near infrared data, and then compares remote sensing estimates of vegetation water content with field-measured values measured in concurrent dates. The results indicate that the three indexes are significantly correlated with the LWC of winter wheat at the 0.01 significance level. They all have good accuracy with higher than 90%. The indexes derived from MODIS bands 6 and 2 were better than those from bands 7 and 2 for measuring wheat leaf water content, and the correlations of the former two (NDWI and SR) were stronger than that of SPSI.}, Keywords = {Near infrared band,Remote Sensing,Short wave infrared band. Spectral characteristic index,Validation}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {387-398}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5195-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5195-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zheng, S. L. and Cheng, H. and Li, P. H. and Yuan, J. C.}, title = {Root Vigor and Kinetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Different Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars}, abstract ={In the present study, the root vigor and kinetic characteristics of nitrogen absorption in potato cultivars was investigated through sand cultivation and pot tests with nutrient solution. Four cultivars of potatoes, namely, Feiwuruita, Yunshu301, Liangshu97, and Chuanyu56 were grown in nutrient solution matrix cultures. The result showed that: (1) Nitrogen uptake rates differed significantly among cultivars with different nitrogen efficiencies; (2) cultivars with High nitrogen-utilization-rate showed significantly higher root vigor, the average root vigor values of cultivars with the high nitrogen-utilization were 115% at seeding stage, 53% at tuber-bulking stage, and 18% at mature stage, respectively, higher than those of cultivars with the low nitrogen-utilization; and (3) Root vigor varied according to growth stage and nitrogen supply i.e. cultivars with high nitrogen-utilization-rate showed enhanced root vigor at the seedling stage under low-nitrogen conditions, while cultivars with low nitrogen-utilization rate showed reduced root vigor at the tuber-bulking and mature stages under high-nitrogen conditions. The kinetic characteristics of nitrogen uptake differed significantly among cultivars: (1) In comparison with cultivars with the low, high nitrogen-utilization showed lower Km and higher Vmax values; (2) The Km value for nitrate nitrogen uptake was higher than that for ammonium nitrogen uptake, especially in cultivars with low nitrogen-utilization,than those of ammonium nitrogen; (3) In cultivars with low nitrogen-utilization, the Vmax value for nitrate nitrogen was lower than that for ammonium nitrogen; and (4) In cultivars with high nitrogen-utilization, the Vmax value for nitrate nitrogen was the opposite. The study provides a basis for breeding high nitrogen-utilization cultivars, thereby improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization.}, Keywords = {High nitrogen utilization,Kinetics of absorption,Nitrogen form}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {399-410}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11811-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11811-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Monsefi, A. and Sharma, A. R. and RangZan, N.}, title = {Tillage, Crop Establishment, and Weed Management for Improving Productivity, Nutrient Uptake, and Soil Physico-chemical Properties in Soybean-wheat Cropping System}, abstract ={The effect of tillage (conventional and zero tillage), crop establishment (raised-bed and flat-bed), and weed management practices (herbicide alone and integrated approach) was studied on productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and physico-chemical properties of soil in soybean–wheat cropping system, at New Delhi during 2010–2012. Sixteen treatment combinations consisting of four tillage and crop establishment practices, viz. Conventional Tillage–raised-bed (CT–bed), CT–flat-bed, Zero Tillage–raised-bed (ZT–bed) and ZT–flat-bed; and four weed management practices, viz. unweeded control, herbicide+Hand Weeding (HW), herbicide combination, and crop residue + herbicide were laid out in a split-plot design. Soybean produced higher seed yield (+7.6%) under raised-bed and wheat under flat-bed (+6.2%), but the system productivity was highest under CT–flat-bed. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin followed by HW gave higher yield of soybean, while all weed control treatments were found equally good for wheat. Conventional tillage resulted in higher uptake by soybean of N (+5.0%), P (+4.4%) and K (+3.1%) than ZT, particularly under raised-bed conditions. In wheat, CT and ZT resulted in almost similar nutrient uptake under flat-bed. Total nutrient uptake of the system was similar for N and P under all tillage and crop establishment practices, while herbicide+HW gave 4.9–7.2% higher uptake than herbicide combination or crop residue+herbicide. Net benefit: cost ratio of the system was the highest (> 2.0) under ZT–flat-bed and herbicide combination. There was beneficial effect on physico-chemical properties of soil under ZT and residue application, but it is necessary to run the experiment in long-term to see the cumulative effect over time.}, Keywords = {Benefit,Cost ratio,Profitability,Raised-bed,Zero tillage}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {411-421}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11149-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11149-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {SheikhBeigGoharrizi, M. A. and Dejahang, A. and Tohidfar, M. and Izadidarbandi, A. and Nestor, C. and Hajirezaei, M. R. and Vahdati, K.}, title = {Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of Somatic Embryos of Persian Walnut Using fld Gene for Osmotic Stress Tolerance}, abstract ={Somatic embryos of Persian walnut were transformed with two strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens i.e. LBA4404 and C58, and two plasmids, namely, pBI121 with nptII and gus genes for improving the transformation protocol, and p6u-ubi-FVTI plasmid containing the hpt and fld genes. The transformation frequency was 10%. PCR and RT-PCR analysis proved the presence and expression of the genes. The transgenic and non-transgenic somatic embryos of Persian walnut were exposed to four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and four osmotic stress (0, 1.5, 5, and 10% PEG) levels. After 20 days, the number of survived, secondary and cotyledonary somatic embryos, as well as fresh and dry weights of embryos were evaluated. In addition, the transgenic and non-transgenic regenerated plantlets with 3 leaves and 2.5 cm length were subjected to 200 mM NaCl. In both experiments, the main effects of fld-transformation and stress treatments on evaluated parameters were significant. Transgenic somatic embryos showed no significant differences at 0 and 200 mM NaCl and 0 and 1.5% PEG. Significant differences of transgenic vs. non-transgenic somatic embryos were observed at 50 and 100 mM NaCl and 5 and 10% PEG. Non-transgenic plantlets on medium containing 200 mM NaCl showed complete necrosis and died after 10 days, while transgenic lines continued growth until 45 days. Our results clearly showed that expression of fld gene increased stress tolerance in fld transformant lines of walnut, and also revealed that expression of this specific cyanobacterial protein may provide a powerful tool to improve tolerance to environmental stresses.}, Keywords = {Flavodoxin,Salinity stress tolerance,Walnut transformation}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {423-435}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5369-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5369-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Wang, L. and Yang, Y. and Zhao, Y. and Yang, S. and Udikeri, S. and Liu, T.}, title = {De Novo Characterization of the Root Transcriptome and Development of EST-SSR Markers in Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis, an Endangered Medical Plant}, abstract ={Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Liliaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant of the Yunnan Province in China. However, the genomic information regarding this plant is limited. To further understand its molecular background, we conducted Illumina HiSeq 2000 second-generation sequencing of this plant species. Approximately 30,198,679 reads with an average length of 202 bases were obtained from its root cells. These reads were assembled into 56,095 unique sequences and approximately 49.7% of the unique sequences were annotated by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) similarity searches against public sequence databases. Most of these unigenes were mapped to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, 3,853 EST-SSRs were identified as potential molecular markers in our unigenes. Of these, 9 nuclear SSR markers were employed to assess genetic diversity and structure of 11 geographically disjunct populations. The present study revealed a moderate genetic diversity (He= 0.527) and low genetic differentiation (Fst= 0.103), which may be ascribed to an earlier period of more pronounced gene flow when the species had a more continuous distribution. The 11 studied populations were divided into two clusters based on the UPGMA dendrogram, which were not congruent with their geographical distributions. Overall, the root transcriptome sequences generated in this study reveal novel gene expression profiles and offer important clues for further study of the molecular mechanism of Paris’ root secondary metabolite synthesis and population genetics. The EST-SSR markers identified will also facilitate marker-assisted selection in Paris breeding.}, Keywords = {HiSeq second-generation sequence,Saponin,Simple sequence repeat}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {437-452}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5349-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5349-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {ManzariTavakkoli, M. and Roosta, H. R. and Hamidpour, M.}, title = {Effects of Alkali Stress and Growing Media on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Gerbera Plants}, abstract ={In order to determine the best growing media for Gerbera jamesonii under alkaline conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors, namely: (i) Growing medium, and (ii) Concentrations of bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in nutrient solution. Results showed that increasing the concentration of NaHCO3 from 0 to 40 mM in nutrient solution significantly decreased plant growth, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), photosynthesis Performance Index (PI), Glutamine Synthetase (GS) activity, Leaf Relative Water Content (LRWC), Chlorophylls (Chl a, b and total Chl) and carotenoids. Under alkalinity stress, reduction in vegetative growth, Fv/Fm, PI, LRWC, GS activity and photosynthesis pigments content was the lowest in Coconut Fiber (CF) substrate compared to the other substrates. Furthermore, plants grown in CF substrate had higher soluble sugars and proline content than those in other substrates. On the other hand, plants grown on Perlite (P) substrate had the highest reduction in growth and physiological characteristic in alkaline conditions. The alleviation of alkalinity-induced growth inhibition of plants by CF substrate may be related to improvement of photosynthesis, enhancement of GS enzyme activity and osmotic regulation. It is concluded that the use of CF substrate could provide a useful tool to improve alkalinity tolerance of gerbera plants under NaHCO3 stress.}, Keywords = {Alkalinity,Glutamine synthetase activity,Growing media,Osmotic adjustment,Photosynthetic pigments}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {453-466}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7131-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7131-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Chamani, E. and Tahami, S. K.}, title = {Efficient Protocol for Protoplast Isolation and Plant Regeneration of Fritillaria imperialis L.}, abstract ={The present study reports an efficient protocol for isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from callus of Fritillaria imperialis L. There is no published method recommended for protoplast isolation and regeneration from Fritillaria imperialis L. A range of factors, which influence the success of isolation and regeneration of F. imperialis protoplasts, were investigated. From the results obtained, callus Fresh Weight (FW) of 0.4 g produced the highest number of viable protoplasts, which was 1.12×105 protoplasts g-1 FW. The highest amount of viable protoplasts (1.01×105 protoplasts g-1 FW) was obtained when the mannitol concentration was maintained at 9% (w/v). The best treatment for isolation of F. imperialis protoplast (1.37×105 protoplasts g-1 FW) was treatment with 2% cellulase and 0.1% pectinase with 9% mannitol for 8 h. For enhancement of the protoplasts division and the percentage of colony formation, different concentrations from Casein Hydrolysate (CH), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl-Adenine (BA) were used. The results revealed that cell wall and colony formation were better in liquid medium than those on semi-solid medium. The highest plating efficiency (1.26×106 per g FW) and highest callus formation were obtained using the medium containing 0.5 mg L–1 2,4-D, 1 mg L–1 BA, and 200 mg L–1 CH. Micro-calli were formed after one month of culture. Many plantlets were formed on the calli after transfer of the proliferated calli to regeneration medium. The highest plantlet regeneration (100%) was obtained using the medium containing 0.5 mg L–1 (NaphthaleneAcetic Acid) NAA and 1.5 mg L–1 BA.}, Keywords = {Callus formation,medium,Protoplast culture,Viability}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {467-482}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7243-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7243-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Versic, S. and Kocsis, L. and Pulko, B.}, title = {Influence of Substrate pH on Root Growth, Biomass and Leaf Mineral Contents of Grapevine Rootstocks Grown in Pots}, abstract ={The present study was carried out in order to test the effect of grapevine rootstocks root growth on biomass and leaf nutrition status in extreme soil conditions. Own rooted cuttings of rootstocks Fercal, Teleki Kober 5BB, Georgikon 28 and four new rootstock hybrids from the breeding program of Georgikon Faculty, Hungary (FB01, JB01, Zamor 17 and SZF10) were grown 3 months in pots. The 5 L pots were filled with a layer of gravel, high lime content Rendzina soil (pH 8.54) topped with a layer of peat-soil mixture (pH 4.94). The biomass production, shoot, leaf and root development largely depended on the rootstocks genotype. The differences among studied rootstocks were significant under low pH. Correlation was found between the root dry weight and the aboveground parts. The ratio between them was strongly influenced by rootstocks genotype. Rootstocks had strong influence on leaf nutrient status.}, Keywords = {Root pot experiment,Soil pH,Vine rootstock}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {483-490}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7877-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7877-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {SolomanGeorge, D. and Razali, Z. and Somasundram, C.}, title = {Physiochemical Changes during Growth and Development of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr. cv. Sarawak)}, abstract ={The physical and physiological characteristics of Sarawak pineapple were studied at five different stages of growth from one to five months after anthesis. Changes in fruit length, diameter, pulp color, pulp firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity were monitored. The Sarawak pineapple exhibited a sigmoid growth pattern during fruit development. The pulp firmness decreased while the total soluble solids increased as the fruit developed, thus improving its edibility and acceptability to the consumers. A reduction in pH and an increase in titratable acidity contributed to the distinct flavor and taste of the Sarawak pineapple. While ascorbic acid content reduced throughout growth and development, the overall antioxidant activity increased in the fruit suggesting a later period of harvesting as the most appropriate. The changes that occurred extrinsically as well as intrinsically suggest that the best time for harvesting the Sarawak pineapple is five months after anthesis.}, Keywords = {Anthesis,Antioxidant activity,Fruit growth,Harvesting maturity,Sarawak pineapple}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {491-503}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-19-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-19-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Miceli, A. and Romano, C. and Moncada, A. and Piazza, G. and Torta, L. and D'Anna, F. and Vetrano, F.}, title = {Yield and Quality of Mini-watermelon as Affected by Grafting and Mycorrhizal Inoculum}, abstract ={Grafting and mycorrhizal fungi have gained interest for the positive effects they can have on vegetable crops. The aim of this work was to study the combined effect of grafting with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation on fruit yield and quality of mini-watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (thumb.) Matsum and Nakai]. Ungrafted plants or grafted onto rootstock RS 841 (Cucurbita maxima×C. moschata) were transplanted to the field. During cultivation, half of the plants were inoculated with a suspension of AMF. Plant growth and fruit yield and quality were evaluated. The inoculation of AMF resulted in a significant increase of root colonization both for grafted and ungrafted plants. The grafted inoculated plants had a greater vigour and productivity than ungrafted uninoculated plants. Grafting and AMF inoculation caused significant increases in yield and fruit weight. Qualitative characteristics of watermelon fruits were significantly affected mainly by grafting. The combined use of grafting with mycorrhizal inoculation may increase the yield of mini-watermelon fruit, maintaining good quality characteristics.}, Keywords = {Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,Citrullus lanatus,Fruit quality characteristics,Glomus,Vegetable grafting}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {505-516}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1810-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1810-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ashraf, J. and Malik, W. and Iqbal, M. and Khan, A. and Qayyum, A. and Noor, E. and Abid, M. A. and Cheema, H. M. and Ahmad, M. Q.}, title = {Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Bt Cotton Genotypes Using EST-SSR, ISSR and Morphological Markers}, abstract ={Robust information of genetic diversity among Bt cotton genotypes is still lacking and availability of several marker systems has prompted us to compare their utility for the detection of genetic diversity. Here, we report the comparative efficiency of morphological and molecular markers (EST-SSRs and ISSRs) in determining the genetic diversity among 30 Pakistani Bt cotton genotypes. Three different dendrograms based on 20 EST-SSRs, 13 ISSRs and 20 morphological markers divided the 30 Bt cotton genotypes into five, six, and three clusters, respectively. EST-SSRs and ISSRs revealed 0.73-1.00 and 0.77-0.97 genetics similarity among Bt cotton genotypes which indicated low level of genetic diversity. Further population structure analysis showed extensive allelic admixture among Bt cotton cultivars and identified three (EST-SSRs) and six (ISSRs) subgroups. The MGHES-31 (EST-SSRs) and UBC-807 and UBC-815 (ISSRs) showed maximum values of Polymorphic Information Contents(PIC) and Dj and had low value of Cj. The comparison of two marker systems showed that EST-SSRs had high value of Expected heterozygosity (Hep) and low value of Marker Index (MI) as compared to ISSRs. In conclusion, high level of genetic similarity among Bt cotton genotypes compel the plant breeders for the introduction of divers/exotic genotypes in their breeding program and marker discriminating indices could be a potential tool for selection of particular marker system to unveil the genetic difference.}, Keywords = {Confusion probability,Expected heterozygosity,Marker Index,Population structure analysis,Polymorphic information contents}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {517-531}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10042-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10042-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Meng, Y. and Ren, P. and Ma, X. and Li, B. and Bao, Q. and Zhang, H. and Wang, J. and Bai, J. and Wang, H.}, title = {GGE Biplot-Based Evaluation of Yield Performance of Barley Genotypes across Different Environments in China}, abstract ={The yield performance of 23 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes in sixteen test environments across a barley growing region of China was evaluated. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replicates, in two cropping seasons (2010-2011, in the South; 2012-2013, in the North). The GGE biplot was applied to analyze the data obtained in the multi-environment trials. The results indicated that either the North or South test sites could be grouped into three possible mega-environments, the best- performing and candidate genotypes for the North and South were G7 (Zhongsimai1), G5 (08B26), G17 (G231M004M), and G13 (Zhe3521), respectively. Among the sixteen test environments, E6 (Shihezi) and E12 (Yancheng) had the greatest discriminating ability, while E1 (Haerbing), E4 (Shang kuli), E8 (Wuhan), and E16 (Chengdu) could be dismissed from the future trials due to the similarity of their ability of discrimination and representation.}, Keywords = {Discriminating ability,Genotype main effect,Multi-environment trial,stability}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {533-543}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1616-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1616-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Savitha, S. A. and Desai, S. A. and Biradar, S. S. and Naik, R. and Lohithaswa, H. C.}, title = {Identification of SSR Marker Linked to Leaf Rust Resistant Gene Lr24 and Marker Assisted Transfer of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes into Bread Wheat}, abstract ={A study was conducted to identify SSR markers linked to leaf rust resistance genes Lr24 and Lr28 and to be used for Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) to transfer both genes to a widely cultivated wheat variety MP 3299 under rainfed condition. F2 individuals of the cross MP 3299×NIL PBW 343 were used for generating genotypic data employing closely linked SCAR markers S73719 and S421570 to Lr24 and Lr28, respectively, and further subjected to bulk segregant analysis. A total of 70 SSR markers that amplify sequences on long arm of chromosome 3D and long arm of chromosome 4A were used for polymorphism assay between the parents MP 3299 and NIL PBW 343. Eighteen SSRs were polymorphic between the parents, of which 10 were located on chromosome 3DL and eight on chromosome 4AL. Three SSR markers out of 18 polymorphic markers differentiated two contrasting bulks and further used for F2 genotyping. Finally, one SSR marker i.e. ‘barc 71’ linked to SCAR marker SCS73719 at a distance of 3.36 cM based on the per cent recombination frequency was identified. Thus, the newly identified SSR marker barc 71 linked to Lr24 can serve as a useful marker in gene pyramiding instead of SCAR marker SCS73719.}, Keywords = {Bulked segregant analysis,Major gene,Marker-assisted selection,Seedling resistance,Polymorphism}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {545-552}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1811-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1811-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {KurtPolat, P. O. and Cifci, E. A. and Yagdi, K.}, title = {Stability Performance of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines}, abstract ={The primary aim of plant breeding is to improve stability in yield and to obtain varieties with good quality. For this reason, a study of wheat varieties was conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012 at the Agricultural Application and Research Center fields of the Uludag University, Agricultural Faculty, in Bursa/Turkey. In the study, 22 advanced lines of bread wheat and Gonen, Pehlivan, and Flamura cultivars as controls were examined in a 3-year experiment. In each year, the experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. The effects of cultivars, environment, and genotype×environment interactions were evaluated. Results of the study permitted us to distinguish three lines, namely, (Gx22-1)-4, (Gx22-1)-6, and (GxK) which were characterized by higher adaptation capabilities and stability than those of the other genotypes.}, Keywords = {adaptation,Breeding lines,Genotype×environment interactions}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {553-560}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9881-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9881-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Behnia, M. and Javan-Nikkhah, M. and Aminian, H. and Razavi, M. and Alizadeh, A.}, title = {Population Structure and Sexual Fertility of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato from Citrus in Northern Iran}, abstract ={Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s. l. is one of the most important diseases of citrus in northern Iran. To study the genetic structure of C. gloeosporioides s. l. from citrusspp., infected samples were collected from three citrus cultivating regions of northern Iran, during the summer of 2009. Fifty one monoconidial isolates were used as the objective of REP- and BOX-PCR fingerprintings. Eight fingerprinting groups were observed in the constructed phenogram. The largest proportion (94.37%) of total genetic diversity (Ht) was attributed to diversity within populations (Hs). Estimates of Nei’s genetic similarity and distances exhibited the high level of similarity among three populations. The value of gene flow, NM= 8.4, indicates that there is low limitation to gene flow among these geographically distant populations, which make these groups genetically homogenous. The results indicate that the three geographic populations are not developing independently and can be part of a Mega-population. Forty three isolates were divided into 19 groups in the phenogram constructed by combination of morphological characteristics data. Estimation of correlation between morphologic and rep-PCR matrixes indicated a weak and non-significant correlation between morphology and rep-PCR haplotypes (r= 0.2, P= 0.992). Fifty one isolates were examined to clarify their sexual behavior. Eight isolates were identified as homothallic and 14 successful outcrosses were observed among self-sterile isolates.}, Keywords = {Anthracnose,Diversity,Gene flow,Perithecium}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {561-574}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10149-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10149-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ojha, P. and Karki, T. Bahadur and Sitaula, R.}, title = {Physio-chemical and Functional Quality Evaluation of Mandarin Peel Powder}, abstract ={The research focused to evaluate physical, chemical, and sensory properties of raw, blanched, and 2, 4, and 6% osmotically salt treated Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peel powder. The yields of Mandarin Peel Powder (MPP) were found in the range of 29.1 to 30.4% (db) for different treatments, which were not significantly different. The bulk density and solubility were found in the range of 1,267-1,308 (kg m-3) and 17.4-28.4%, respectively, the highest value was for blanched peel powder. Blanched peel powder contained highest carotenoids (3245 µg g-1) and polyphenols (102.72 mg GAE g-1) whereas 6% salt treated peel powder contained the highest Tannin (0.19 mg of GA 100 g-1 FW), ascorbic acid (13.62 mg 100 g-1), and antioxidant activity (66.1% DPPH inhibition) among the other treatments. Blanched peel powder was found to be the best in terms of sensory evaluation.}, Keywords = {Blanched peel powder,Carotenoids,Sensory evaluation,Tannin}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {575-582}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8246-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8246-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {JafariMalekabadi, A. and Sadeghi, M. and ZakiDizaji, H.}, title = {Comparing Quality of a Telescopic Boom Sprayer with Conventional Orchard Sprayers in Iran}, abstract ={In small orchards, gardeners face several problems such as irregular tree planting, hard trafficability for tractors, economic problems for buying tractors, high drift in high height sprayers, low height of spraying, and difficulty of working with conventional sprayers. In this study, in order to solve some of these problems, a telescoping boom sprayer was designed and fabricated. The sprayer equipped with This Boom (TS) was evaluated in comparison with the conventional sprayers [Wheel Barrow (WBS), Electrostatic (ES), Side Pump (SPS) Sprayers] in terms of drift, spraying quality, solution consumption, fuel consumption, spray height, spraying time, and spray loss. Results showed that the spraying quality coefficient of ES was better than that of SPS; WBS and TS could not be evaluated because the surface of sensitive papers was wetted completely, but distribution of droplets on each card and between the cards was more uniform in TS. Due to differences in drift, WBS had the highest mean of droplet area and TS had the lowest. Also, WBS, TS, SPS, and ES had the maximum amount of solution consumption while ES, TS, and WBS had the minimum. SPS and ES did not spray at high height; however, TS and WBS could spray at high height. The maximum and minimum spraying times were recorded for WBS and SPS, respectively. Values of 9.93 and 2.80 mm2 were obtained for mean spray loss area of SPS and ES, respectively. Spray loss area of the TS and WBS was not calculated.}, Keywords = {Electrostatic sprayer,Side pump sprayer,Telescoping boom,Wheel barrow sprayer}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {585-599}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-979-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-979-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khalehgi, A. and Kasaai, R. and Khosravi-Darani, K. and Rezaei, K.}, title = {Combined Use of Black Barberry (Berberis crataegina L.) Extract and Nitrite in Cooked Beef Sausages during the Refrigerated Storage}, abstract ={Effects of combined use of black barberry (Berberis crataegina L.) extract and sodium nitrite on the quality and shelf life of cooked beef sausages were investigated. Different concentrations of the extract (30, 60 and 90 mg kg-1) in combination with nitrite (30, 60 and 90 mg kg-1) were added to sausage formulations.. Total viable counts, pH, proximate analysis, residual nitrite level, lipid oxidation, color and sensory data were studied against the blank and control samples during the storage for 30 days at 4°C. A gradual decrease in the nitrite level was observed during the storage for all samples studied. Samples using the extract from this study showed similar redness but lower lightness when compared to the control sausage sample with 120 mg kg-1 sodium nitrite. Sensory evaluation of the samples indicated similar results to those of the control. Accordingly, there is a potential benefit for partial replacement of sodium nitrite with barberry extract in the cured meat products.}, Keywords = {Antibacterial activity,Antioxidant,Refrigeration,Shelf-life,Sensory}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {601-614}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4984-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4984-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kiani, H. and Hojjatoleslamy, M. and Mousavi, S. M.}, title = {Data Reduction of a Numerically Simulated Sugar Extraction Process in Counter-current Flow Horizontal Extractors}, abstract ={In this work, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were employed for the data reduction of a numerically simulated extraction process of sugar in an industrial RT2 extractor. The numerical model developed in OpenFOAM library was first validated using actual plant data and its stability and sensitivity to the processing variables was tested. Then, the model was used to generate data of juice and pulp sugar concentrations as affected by the main processing parameters including draft, Silin number, and capacity. The data were modelled using RSM and ANN. Both RSM and ANN were able to predict the data accurately, however, R2 values obtained for ANN were slightly higher. Since the numerical model can be time consuming to be solved for all data ranges, the regression equation obtained by the RSM method or the network created according to the ANN model can be utilized as fast and ready to use tools to optimize the extractor.}, Keywords = {ANN,CFD,mass transfer,Open FOAM,RSM}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {615-627}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5629-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5629-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {MirrezaieRoodaki, M. S. and Sahari, M. A. and GhiassiTarzi, B. and Barzegar, M. and Gharachorloo, M.}, title = {Effect of Refining and Thermal Processes on Olive Oil Properties}, abstract ={Olive cultivars Bladi and Arbequina were collected and their oil was extracted (cold press). Oil was refined under bleaching and deodorization conditions for 30 minutes at 55-50°C and their property was compared with the virgin olive oil. Virgin and refined oils of the cultivars were processed by fryer heating at 180°C (intervals of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours) and indexes of fatty acid, free fatty acid, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, polar compounds, conjugated dienes and trienes, Rancimat, color, total polyphenol, tocopherol, chlorophyll and carotenoid were compared. Results showed that these oils mainly contained oleic (48.69-60.18%), palmitic (18.31-27.02%), linoleic (7.54-18.58%), palmitoleic (3.9-3.08%), stearic (1.78-2.53%), and linoleic acids (1.87-0.22%). According to the results, it was recommended to refine virgin olive oil by mild bleaching and deodorization to save bioactive compounds. Due to the heating condition, the relative amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (22.37-50.6%), polyphenols, tocopherols, chlorophyll, carotenoid and oxidative stability decreased and the relative amounts of saturated fatty acids (14.2-17.1%), acidity, peroxide, conjugated dienes and trienes, polar compounds, and thiobarbituric acid increased significantly, but the colorant initially decreased and then increased (P< 0.05). Due to polar compounds, for frying process, mild refined oil was better than extra virgin oil.}, Keywords = {Bioactive compounds,Bleaching and deodorization,Olive cultivars,Stability indexes,Virgin olive oil}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {629-641}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1727-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1727-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Majzoobi, M. and Mansouri, H. and Mesbahi, Gh. and Farahnaky, A. and Golmakani, M. T.}, title = {Effects of Sucrose Substitution with Date Syrup and Date Liquid Sugar on the Physicochemical Properties of Dough and Biscuits}, abstract ={To reduce sucrose consumption in biscuits, Date Syrup (DS) and Date Liquid Sugar (DLS) were replaced with sucrose at different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and physicochemical properties of dough and the resultant biscuits were compared. Dough pH and cohesiveness decreased while softness and adhesiveness increased with addition of DS and DLS. The pH, softness and adhesiveness of the DS dough were higher than the DLS samples. The DS and DLS biscuits had lower pH, higher ash and moisture contents than the sucrose biscuits. The DS biscuits had more ash content than the DLS sample. Addition of DS and DLS resulted in biscuits with higher density, spread ratio, harder texture, and darker color. These changes were more pronounced when DS was used. Sucrose replacement with less than 40% DS or 60% DLS resulted in biscuits with sensory characteristics similar to the control, and higher antioxidant and mineral contents.}, Keywords = {antioxidants,Mineral contents,Sensory characteristics,Sucrose reduction}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {643-656}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4521-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4521-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Farahnaky, A. and Mardani, M. and Mesbahi, Gh. and Majzoobi, M. and Golmakani, M. T.}, title = {Some Physicochemical Properties of Date Syrup, Concentrate, and Liquid Sugar in Comparison with Sucrose Solutions}, abstract ={The date fruit is of high nutritional value and its chemical composition is unique in providing energy, minerals, and vitamins for human. Date syrup, date concentrate and liquid date sugar are among semi-finished liquid products produced from low quality dates at industrial scale. In this research, some physicochemical properties of date syrup, concentrate, and liquid sugar in comparison with sucrose solutions were studied and the possibility of replacing sucrose with date liquid products was investigated. The results showed that the main chemical component of all three date products was simple sugars of fructose and glucose. Ash and protein contents of date liquid sugar were much lower than date syrup. pH values of date liquid products were also significantly different. Concentration of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in date syrup was much greater than date liquid sugar. Overall, processing of date syrup to date liquid sugar reduced its nutritional quality while improving technological properties. It can be concluded that in choosing date liquid products as raw materials in food formulation, for the products that brown color of date liquid products does not affect the appearance of the final products, usage of date syrup or date concentrate is proposed. However, in other foods where brownish color of date syrup or date concentrate deteriorates sensory attributes of the final products, date liquid sugar is suggested. Date liquid products are also good candidates for high sugar products with sugar crystallization problem.}, Keywords = {Fructose,glucose,Nutritional quality,Replacing sucrose}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {657-668}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4268-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4268-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Memon, k. H. and Liu, Q. and Kalhoro, M. A. and Nazir, K. and Waryani, B. and Chang, M. and Nabi, A.}, title = {Estimation of Growth and Mortality Parameters of Croaker Atrobucca alcocki in Pakistani Waters}, abstract ={Five demersal trawl surveys were conducted in the Pakistani waters in October, November 2009 and August, October, November 2010. A total of 819 length-weight and 7,240 length-frequency data of Atrobucca alcocki were collected, the length ranged from 10 cm to 45 cm with the dominant length group from 19 to 29 cm. The total weight ranged from 14 to 928 g. The length-weight relationship can be expressed as W= 0.012*L2.925 (R2= 0.972). Using the ELEFAN program in FiSAT computer package, the calculated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were = 47.25cm, K= 0.180 yr-1. Total mortality (Z) was computed using the length-converted catch curve analysis at Z= 1.07 yr-1. Natural mortality was computed as M= 0.494 yr-1 at an annual average sea surface temperature of 26°C, hence, the fishing mortality was computed as F=Z-M= 0.576 yr-1. The Exploitation ratios (E) were computed as Emax = 0.421, E10 =0.355, E50 =0.278. Yield per recruit analysis revealed that when tc was assumed to be 2, Fmax was calculated at 0.75 and F0.1 at 0.6. When tc was assumed to be 1, Fmax was calculated at 0.55 and F1.0 at 0.45. Current age at first capture was about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.576, therefore, Fcurrent was larger than F0.1 and Fmax. When biological reference point was Fopt equal to M (0.494), current fishing mortality rate of 0.576 was larger than the target biological reference point.}, Keywords = {Biological reference points,Bertalanffy growth function,Length-converted catch curve,Natural mortality}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {669-679}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4387-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4387-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sudhishri, S. and Kumar, A. and Singh, J. K.}, title = {Comparative Evaluation of Neural Network and Regression Based Models to Simulate Runoff and Sediment Yield in an Outer Himalayan Watershed}, abstract ={The complexity of rainfall-runoff-sediment yield hydrological processes remains a challenge for runoff and sediment yield prediction for large mountainous watersheds. In this study, a simple Non-Linear Dynamic (NLD) model has been employed for predicting daily runoff and sediment yield by considering the watershed memory based rainfall and runoff, and rainfall-runoff and sediment yield, respectively. The results were compared with two commonly used Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Wavelet based ANN (WNN) models by taking maximum input parameters of values of time memory for rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield derived from the developed NLD model through step-wise regression. The feed forward ANN models with back propagation algorithm was used. Twenty-six years’ daily rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield data of Bino Watershed, Uttarakhand, were used in this study. The coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and model efficiency were adopted to evaluate the model’s performance. The results revealed a better performance by the ANN and WNN rainfall-runoff models compared to the NLD, however, NLD rainfall-runoff-sediment model showed higher efficiency than the ANN and WNN models in case of considering whole time series data. Under-prediction of sediment yield by all the models resulted from sudden landslides/flash floods in Himalayan Watersheds. The study showed that though WNN was better than ANN and NLD, its application cannot be generalized for entire mountainous watersheds. Again, criteria for successful selection of a useful sub-component in WNN need to be developed. The study also indicates the greater capturing power of WNN for simulation of extreme flows with lowest percent-error-peak-flow values.}, Keywords = {Dynamic,Mountainous watershed,Neural Networks,Peak flow,Time lag}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {681-694}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4169-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4169-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Reis, M. and Akay, A. E. and Savaci, G.}, title = {Erosion Risk Mapping Using CORINE Methodology for Goz Watershed in Kahramanmaras Region, Turkey}, abstract ={Soil erosion may cause serious environmental impacts on soil and water resources such as excessive sedimentation, especially on steep terrain and erodible soils in arid and semi-arid areas. The sediment yield due to erosion has also economic consequences on dam watersheds by affecting economic life of dams, which are one of the most important infrastructure investments in Turkey. Thus, it is very important to determine potential erosion risk in order to develop adequate erosion prevention measures in dam watersheds. This study aimed to develop erosion risk map for Goz Watershed of Menzelet Dam in the eastern Mediterranean city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. In the methodology, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies were employed based on COoRdination of INformation on the Environment (CORINE) methodology. The results indicated that 54.52% of the Goz Watershed was under moderate erosion risk, while there was a high erosion risk in 45.48% of the watershed based on the potential erosion risk map. According to actual erosion risk maps, 11.97 and 88.03% of the watershed area was subject to moderate and high erosion risk, respectively. It was found that the most important factors for erosion risks in the watershed were steep slope (average of 38%) and lack of vegetation cover (only 11.67% of forest cover). Besides, the results indicated that potential and actual erosion risk mapping by CORINE method is a quite efficient and cost effective approach.}, Keywords = {Climate factors,CORINE,Dam watershed,Erosion risk,Land use}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {695-706}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8952-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8952-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tavakoli, M. and Poustini, K. and Alizadeh, H.}, title = {Proline Accumulation and Related Genes in Wheat Leaves under Salinity Stress}, abstract ={This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salinity stress (16 dS m-1) on proline accumulation and expression pattern of three genes involved in the proline synthesis (P5CS, P5CR) and degradation (PDH) in the fourth and the flag leaves. The experimental treatments consisted of two levels of salinity stress including 1.6 (control) and 16 dS m-1 and three wheat cultivars, namely, Hirmand and Chamran (as tolerant cultivars) and Atrak (as sensitive). These were arranged as factorial based on a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. There was an increase in Na+ concentration and decrease in K+ concentration in salinity stress compared to the control condition in the fourth and the flag leaves of all cultivars. However, the tolerant cultivars showed lower level of Na+ concentration and higher level of K+ concentration and K+/ Na+ ratio. Seemingly, the increase in proline accumulation was due to P5CS, P5CR up-regulation and PDH down-regulation. On the other hand, the higher proline degradation in the fourth leaf of the tolerant cultivars was probably due to the provision of a source for energy or nitrogen, which helped to enhance the yield of these cultivars under salinity stress.}, Keywords = {Proline,Salinity,Wheat,P5CS,P5CR,PDH}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {707-716}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4561-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4561-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jakhar, M. and Pathak, S.}, title = {Effect of Pre-harvest Nutrients Application and Bagging on Quality and Shelf Life of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruits cv. Amrapali}, abstract ={The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of pre-harvest bagging and spray of CaCl2 and K2SO4 on quality and shelf life of mango fruits cv. Amrapali during two succeeding years. Trees of Amrapali mango were sprayed three times at 30, 20, and10 days before harvesting and bagging with brown paper bag 20 days before harvesting of fruits. Harvested fruits were stored under the ambient temperature (storage at room temperature) and observations were taken at three days intervals upto 18 days. The results indicated that the pre-harvest treatment of 2% CaCl2+1% K2SO4+bagging was found superior to improve the quality of fruits in respect of highest fruits weight, firmness, TSS, ascorbic acid, total sugars, and β-carotene content with minimum black spotted fruits per cent and maintained it throughout the storage period upto 18 days. Fruits treated with 2% CaCl2+1% K2SO4+bagging showed shelf life up to 12 days with lowest weight loss and highest organoleptic quality as against 6 days of untreated fruits (control).}, Keywords = {Black spotting,CaCl2,K2SO4,Pre-harvest treatments,Storage}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {717-729}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12045-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12045-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Roosta, H. R. and Bagheri, M. H. and Hamidpour, M. and Roozban, M. R.}, title = {Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Form and Oxygen Concentration on Growth and Nutritional Status of Eggplant in Hydroponics}, abstract ={A greenhouse study was carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen forms and different O2 levels on growth and mineral nutrient concentrations of eggplant. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial experiment with two factors, namely: (i) Two nitrogen forms (Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4) and (ii) Three O2 levels of the nutrient solutions (1±0.3, 2±0.3, 3±0.3, and 4±0.3 mg L-1 O2). The results showed that ammonium application reduced all measured parameters of vegetative growth, whereas high oxygen levels increased the vegetative growth. Comparing with nitrate-N, ammonium application increased the concentrations of NPK and Zn in leaves and Zn and Cu in roots, while it decreased the concentration of Mg, Ca, Cu, Mn, and Na in leaves and Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na in roots. High levels of O2 increased N, Mg, Ca, Cu, and Mn content of leaves, as well as Mn and Na content in roots, while it decreased the concentration of K in leaves and P and Zn in roots. According to the results, the increase in O2 amount of the nutrient solutions partly alleviated ammonium toxicity in eggplant. Therefore, in floating hydroponic cultures, O2 level and its distribution should be controlled and must not be lower than 4 mg L-1.}, Keywords = {Ammonium,Nitrate-N,Nutrient solution aeration,Soilless culture,Solanium melongena}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {731-739}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4515-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4515-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili, Gh. and Azizi, M. and Arouiee, H. and Samiei, L.}, title = {Micropropagation of Astragalus adscendens: A Source of Gaz-angabin Manna in Iran (Persian Manna)}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro proliferation of Astragalus adscendens. Explants were taken from hypocotyl and cotyledon and were cultured on the basic medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) complemented with various plant growth regulators, (NAA, BAP, KIN, ZEA), to induce direct shoot regeneration. Callus induction was significantly affected by different concentrations of PGRs. Callus formation was observed from hypocotyl explants, but they were not induced to adventitious shoot regeneration and most of them were turned into brown. Therefore, rapid multiplication, performed using shoot apical buds, and obtained from 15-day old sterile seedlings. Apical buds were cultured on MS medium containing various levels of BAP, KIN and ZEA (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) alone or in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. The highest number of shoot regenerants (8.5/explants) and leaves (22.4/explants) obtained on MS medium with 4 mg L-1 BAP. The highest root induction (100%) was obtained from MS media supplemented with 0.3 mg L-1 NAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots with 1:1:1 mixture of soil, peat, and perlite.}, Keywords = {Apical buds,Callus induction,Clonal propagation,Gavan-e-Gaz-angabin,Proliferation}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {741-750}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1252-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1252-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Seth, T. and Chattopadhyay, A. and Chatterjee, S. and Dutta, S. and Singh, B.}, title = {Selecting Parental Lines among Cultivated and Wild Species of Okra for Hybridization Aiming at YVMV Disease Resistance}, abstract ={Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease of okra is the single major production constraint and causes yield loss to the tune of 50-90% in India. Hence continuous search for new sources of resistance and development of better varieties/hybrids with durable level of resistance should receive attention of breeder. An attempt was made to screen twenty-six advanced lines/varieties of okra in one of the hot spots of YVMV disease in eastern India to identify suitable parents for resistant breeding program. The study revealed high magnitude of genetic variability and high degree of transmission of majority of the growth, earliness, and yield component traits under consideration. Based on the degree of divergence, the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Hybridization between genotypes belonging to Cluster II and Cluster III could combine early maturity, higher yield, and having high tolerance against YVMV disease. Dendrogram among the genotypes also revealed high diversity along with strong inter cluster relationships. Based on averages and principal component analysis, six genotypes viz., BCO-1, A. caillei, A. manihot, 11/RES-6, VNR Green and 12/RES-2 appeared very promising candidates for future use in resistant breeding programs.}, Keywords = {genetic diversity,PCA analysis,Resistant breeding,Tolerance against YVMV}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {751-762}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8435-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8435-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Suneja, P. and Piplani, S. and Dahiya, P. and Dudeja, S. S.}, title = {Molecular Characterization of Rhizobia from Revertants of Non-nodulating Cultivar and Normal Cultivar of Chickpea}, abstract ={The normal nodulating chickpea cultivar (HC5) and revertant of non-nodulating cultivar ICC 4993 NN designated as ICC 4993 (R) were used to study and characterize the rhizobia infecting both cultivars. On the basis of growth characteristic and nodulation, 43 rhizobial isolates from revertant of non-nodulating cultivar and 8 rhizobial isolates from normal nodulating cultivar were selected. Heterogeneity of the rhizobia infecting both of the cultivars was estimated by ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus) as well as RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Based on the presence of different ERIC profiles, rhizobial isolates from cv. ICC4993 (R) formed eight different clusters and those from cv. HC5 formed three clusters at 80% similarity. A combined dendrogram of all the mesorhizobial isolates from the two cultivars showed two clusters at 70% similarity and eight subclusters at 80% similarity level. Similarly, RFLP patterns showed that rhizobial isolates from cv. ICC4993 (R) formed eleven clusters while those from cv. HC5 formed two clusters at 80% similarity. A combined dendrogram of mesorhizobial isolates from the two cultivars formed twelve clusters at 80% level of similarity. Using both methodologies, heterogeneity (if any) of mesorhizobia nodulating cvs. ICC4993 (R) and HC5 could not be ascertained. Further sequencing of partially amplified 16S rDNA of three rhizobial isolate from cv. ICC4993 (R) and one from cv. HC5 showed more than 98% similarity with Mesorhizobium muleiense and Mesorhizobium mediterraneum. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA partial sequence revealed 11 monophyletic clades. The isolates NN78 and HC 1065 were clustered along with Mesorhizobium mediterraneum strain PECA20 while NNs13 and NN90 formed a separate cluster.}, Keywords = {Diversity,ERIC,Nodulation,Mesorhizobium,Phylogenetic analysis,RFLP}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {763-773}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9089-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9089-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ehsan, M. and Ahmed, I. and Hayat, R. and Iqbal, M. and Bibi, N. and Khalid, N.}, title = {Molecular Identification and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from Rhizosphere of Mash Bean (Vigna Mungo L.) for Growth Promotion in Wheat}, abstract ={Bio-inoculants have potential role in plant growth promotion. The present study evaluated the potential of Pseudomonas strains as bio-inoculants in wheat on the basis of plant growth promotion and physiological characterization. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that four isolated strains belonged to genus Pseudomonas. These strains were positive for phosphorus solubilization and indole acetic acid production, whereas only two strains were positive candidate for their nitrogen fixing ability as determined by presence or absence of nifH gene through amplification from polymerase chain reaction. The pot experiment showed that the integrated use of Pseudomonas strains as co-inoculant and 50% applied mineral fertilizers enhanced the maximum wheat growth and development from 58 to 140% for different shoot and root growth parameters. The strain NCCP-45 and NCCP-237 were closely related to Pseudomonas beteli and Pseudomonas lini, respectively. These isolated strains can be used to increase crop productivity by using as a bio-fertilizer inoculum.}, Keywords = {Bio-inoculant,PCR,PGPR,Phylogenetic analysis,16S rRNA gene}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {775-788}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1247-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1247-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khalili, M. and Pour-Aboughadareh, A.}, title = {Parametric and Non-parametric Measures for Evaluating Yield Stability and Adaptability in Barley Doubled Haploid Lines}, abstract ={Multi-environment trials have a significant role in selecting the best cultivars to be used at different locations. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate GE interactions for grain yield in barley doubled haploid lines, to determine their stability and general adaptability and to compare different parametric and nonparametric stability and adaptability measures. For these purposes, 40 doubled haploid lines as well as two parental cultivars (Morex and Steptoe) were evaluated across eight variable environments (combinations of location-years-water regime) during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growing seasons in Iran. The Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis revealed that environments, genotypes, and GE interaction as well as the first four Interaction Principal Component Axes (IPCA1 to 4) were significant, indicating differential responses of the lines to the environments and the need for stability and general adaptability analysis. The stability parameters Si(3), Si(6), NP2, NP3, NP4 as well as Fox-rank (Top) were positively and significantly correlated with mean yield, suggesting these statistics can be used interchangeably as suitable parameters for selecting stable lines. The results of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed that the first two PCAs explained 92% of total variation for ranks of mean grain yield and parameters, and also clustered stability parameters on the basis of static and dynamic concepts of stability. In general, the parametric and non-parametric stability measures revealed that among tested doubled haploid lines at different environments, the line DH-30 followed by DH-29 and DH-3 were identified as lines with high grain yields as well as the most stable for variable environments of semi-arid regions of Iran.}, Keywords = {Dynamic and static stability,GE interaction,Principal Components Analysis (PCA)}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {789-803}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9234-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9234-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sarmadi, L. and Alemzadeh, A. and Ghareyazie, B.}, title = {PCR-based Detection of Genetically Modified Soybean at a Grain Receiving Port in Iran}, abstract ={The detection of Genetically Modified (GM) organisms is becoming a legal necessity. This study was carried out to detect genetically modified events in soybeans imported into Iran using simplex and multiplex PCR. Therefore, five samples of imported soybean were obtained from Bandar Imam Khomeini customs. Modified CTAB method was used to extract DNA from soybean seeds. The result indicates that the modified method is suitable for DNA extraction from soybean seeds and probably can be used for other oilseeds. Using specific primers for CaMV 35S promoter, NOS terminator and epsps gene PCR reactions were performed. In this study soybean lectin gene was used as internal control. The results revealed that soybean samples imported from Canada and Paraguay were genetically modified and they had CaMV 35S promoter, NOS terminator and epsps gene in their genomes. The result of simplex PCR was the same as multiplex PCR, but multiplex PCR detected the GM soybeans very quickly and in a cost-saving and time-consuming way. Based on PCR analysis using GM soybean event-specific primers, it is suggested that the soybean plants may be GTS 40-3-2. No fragment was amplified when the DNA of US or Non-GM soybeans were used as template in the PCR reaction. This is the first report that shows GM soybeans imported to Iran without use of the "GMO" label in the shipment's documentation.}, Keywords = {EPSPS gene,Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs),Monitoring of GMOs,Roundup ready soybean,Simplex and multiplex PCR}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {805-815}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5373-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5373-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Yavuz, D. and Yavuz, N. and Suheri, S.}, title = {Design and Management of a Drip Irrigation System for an Optimum Potato Yield}, abstract ={This study was conducted to determine the effects of different lateral spacings and wetting factors on the yield and yield components of drip-irrigated potato under the Middle Anatolian climatic conditions in Konya, Turkey. The experiments were carried out during the growth seasons of 2008 and 2009. The Russet Burbank potato variety was used as a plant material in this study. The irrigation design treatments consisted of two different lateral spacings (A1= 0.7 m and A2= 1.4 m) and three different wetting factors (P1= 1.0, P2= 0.5, and P3: A variable percentage of the wetted area depending on the lateral spacing). The results showed that the total amounts of applied irrigation water ranged from 297 to 625 mm and from 288 to 598 mm in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Considering the average yields for the two years, the highest tuber yield (50.87 t ha–1) was obtained from the A1P1 treatment, and the lowest tuber yield (27.37 t ha–1) was obtained from the A2P3 treatment. It was found that the different lateral spacings and wetting factors statistically affected the mean tuber weight, the number of tubers per plant, the tuber diameter, the tuber size, and the marketable tuber yield (P< 0.01). The highest Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) calculated were 7.78 and 9.40 kg m−3, respectively,in the A1P3 treatment. A single lateral design for two crop rows resulted in less income than one lateral design for each crop row for drip-irrigated marketable potatoes.}, Keywords = {Konya Plain,Lateral spacing,Percentage of wetted area,Water use efficiency}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {817-830}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7725-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7725-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {SinghBrar, H. and KumarVashist, K. and Bedi, S.}, title = {Phenology and Yield of Spring Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Drip Irrigation Regimes and Planting Methods}, abstract ={Maize response to deficit water and planting methods was studied for assessing phenological development and yield under Punjab conditions. Experiment was planned with eleven (9+2) treatments; nine treatments were the combinations of three levels of Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE) i.e. Drip Irrigation (DI) to replenish 60, 80, and 100% of base (30 mm) CPE and three planting methods i.e. 1Row/Ridge, 1Row/Bed and 1Row (zigzag)/Bed. The additional two treatments i.e. flat and ridge sown, were kept as control. Each increase from DI60 to DI100 caused significant earliness in visibility of collar of the 8th leaf, tasselling, and silking and significant delay in dough stage and physiological maturity. Irrigation water applied was linearly related to the duration of the reproductive phase and grain yield. Higher Dry Matter (DM) production and longer reproductive phase led to significantly higher grain yield under DI100. All phenological stages were delayed under flat sown as compared to ridge sown control. Ridge sown was better than flat sown control with respect to DM and grain yield. Drip irrigation treatments showed advancement in tasselling and silking and significantly late physiological maturity with longer reproductive phase that resulted in significantly higher crop DM and grain yield as compared to the mean of the two control treatments. Crop phenology was affected by drip irrigation regimes and increase in drip irrigation regimes was linearly and positively related with length of reproductive phase. Thus, grain yield was also increased significantly. However, crop phenology and yield were not affected much by the planting methods used.}, Keywords = {Pan evaporation,Reproductive phase,Ridge planting,Silking,Tasselling}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {831-843}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4030-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4030-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kravchenko, Y. S. and Chen, Q. and Liu, X. and Herbert, S. J. and Zhang, X.}, title = {Conservation Practices and Management in Ukrainian Mollisols}, abstract ={This study focused on soil degradation of Ukrainian Mollisols and investigated the effect of conservation practices on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties over the past 50 years. And the policies and relevant legislation are also outlined in this paper. The results showed conversion from plow-tillage to minimum tillage and no-till improved infiltration rate, pH, and Soil Organic Matter (SOM) in 0-10 cm layer and led to carbon accumulation in fulvic acids and humins. No significant differences in SOM storage were observed among tillage systems in the 0-100 cm layer. The five crop rotation increased 0.8, 0.71, and 0.94 t ha-1 yield of cereals and 5.8, 1.0, and 4.2 t ha-1 sugar beet under conventional tillage, deep minimum tillage, and reduced minimum tillage, respectively. Application of fertilizer in conservation agriculture, including NPK and manure, was 12 t ha-1 in the humid zone, 10-12 t ha1manure in semi-humid zone and 8-10 t ha-1 manure in the Mollisols region of semi-arid zone. Green manure, cover crops, and inter crops increased crop yield by 2-10% on Forest-Steppe and Steppe Mollisols. The combination of strip cropping, contour farming, contour bunds, and terracing are particularly recommended for the sloping farmland in order to reduce soil erosion. In conclusion, soil conservation practices should be applied in Ukraine to prevent soil degradation.}, Keywords = {Conservation tillage,degradation,Erosion,Fertilizers,Soil organic carbon}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {845-854}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10365-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10365-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Pourbabaei, A. A. and Bahmani, E. and Alikhani, H. A. and Emami, S.}, title = {Promotion of Wheat Growth under Salt Stress by Halotolerant Bacteria Containing ACC deaminase}, abstract ={Salinity is a major abiotic stress that reduces crop productivity in arid and semiarid soils. About 25% of the country's arable land is affected by different levels of salt. A considerable part of this land is under wheat cultivation each year as the country's most important crop. ACC deaminase producing bacteria increase plant resistance to stress condition by reducing stress ethylene in a variety of environmental stresses such as salinity. In this study, 167 halotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the saline habitats and screened for growth at different NaCl concentrations. These halotolerant bacterial strains were then tested for 1 AminoCyclopropane-1-Carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity. Among six isolates of halotolerant bacteria containing ACC deaminase, the K78 strain produced the highest level of this enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this bacterium indicated that this strain belonged to Bacillus mojavensis. Inoculation of Bacillus mojavensis to salt stressed wheat plants produced an increase in root and shoot weight, chlorophyll content, and nutrient uptake in comparison with the un-inoculated soils. In summary, this study indicates that the use of ACC deaminase-producing halotolerant bacteria mitigates salinity stress effects on growth of wheat plants by reducing salt-stress-induced ethylene production.}, Keywords = {Abiotic stress,Bacillus,Ethylene production,Root growth,Salinity}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {855-864}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11250-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11250-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ranjbar, A. and Emami, H. and Khorasani, R. and KarimiKaroyeh, A. R.}, title = {Soil Quality Assessments in Some Iranian Saffron Fields}, abstract ={Little information is available about Soil Quality (SQ) in Iran, especially in saffron [Crocus sativus (L.) Iridaceae] fields. The objectives of this research were to: (i) Establish a Minimum Data Set (MDS) for quantifying soil quality in saffron fields; (ii) Evaluate soil quality status using two indices of Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and Nemoro Quality Index (NQI), and (iii) Investigate the relationship between soil quality and the economics of saffron production. Thirty soil samples were collected from the Ghayen area of South Khorasan, Iran, and analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify a Minimum Data Set (MDS) consisting of sand, Relative Field Capacity (RFC), zinc, SAR, Ca, CaCO3, Fe and Bulk Density (BD). Soil Quality was evaluated using the IQI and the NQI for both the Total Data Set (TDS), and MDS. Four SQ indices i.e., IQITDS, IQIMDS, NQITDS, and NQIMDS were used to evaluate soil quality in saffron fields in the study area. A significant correlation (P< 0.05) was shown between the IQITDS (r= 0.44), NQITDS (r= 0.41) and economic yield of saffron. Correlation analysis indicated that the IQITDS performed better compared to the NQITDS for evaluating the soil quality. Use of the TDS with the IQI index was the most effective approach for evaluating SQ in saffron fields.}, Keywords = {Economic yield,Integrated quality index,Minimum data set,Nemoro quality index}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {865-878}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1678-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1678-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Naglova, Z. and Vlasicova, E.}, title = {Economic Performance of Conventional, Organic, and Biodynamic Farms}, abstract ={Organic agriculture in the Czech Republic is taking on a greater importance: the number of the organic farms is increasing and the availability of bio products is rising too. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the economic situation of organic, biodynamic, and conventional farms by using financial analysis indicators, performance indicators, economic efficiency indicator, and multidimensional intercompany comparison methods. Furthermore, the subsidies impact on farms’ profits, sales, and return on assets indicators by a linear regression model with AR (AutoRegressive 1) process was analyzed. A total of 389 Czech farms receiving subsidies from 2007 to 2012 were selected. From these, 273 farms were conventional, 112 organic, and 4 biodynamic. Organic farms were the most profitable and got the best results on the economic efficiency indicator and took the first place in the intercompany comparison. Subsidies worsen the organic farms’ economic situation, however, without statistical significance. Biodynamic farms received the highest amount of subsidies. In some years, these farms did not gain profit. Despite the worst results of economic efficiency indicator, biodynamic farms were placed as second in the intercompany comparison. Subsidies improved the biodynamic farms’ economic situation (statistically insignificant) and could play a role as a motivating factor. Conventional farms had the highest values of input and output indicators (except profit) and they received the lowest amount of subsidies. Subsidies had a statistically significantly positive effect on the profitability of these farms, though with a negative effect on sales.}, Keywords = {Efficiency,Agricultural enterprises,Autoregressive Model,Linear regression model,the Czech Republic}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {881-894}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8388-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8388-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Pishbahar, E. and Darparnian, S.}, title = {Factors Creating Systematic Risk for Rainfed Wheat Production in Iran, Using Spatial Econometric Approach}, abstract ={In this study, the factors creating systematic risk for dry farming wheat crop in Iran were investigated. Using production functions as well as spatial econometric approach, the effects of changes in climatic parameters such as temperature and precipitation, and also input levels of seed, urea, and phosphate fertilizers in warm, moderate, and cold climates were examined. The results showed that the fluctuations of climatic parameters in the three climates were severe enough to be identified as systematic risk factors. The findings also indicated that, in a warm climate, lack of sufficient heat during cultivation time (October), overheating during initial growth months (December and January), lack of sufficient precipitation during initial growth months (November and December) and inadequate seed and urea fertilizer and overusing phosphate fertilizer were the systematic risk factors. In moderate climate, these factors included lack of sufficient heat in cultivation time (October) and in late harvest time (July), lack of sufficient precipitation in the cultivation time (October) and lack of urea fertilizer and seed phosphate overuse. Finally, in the cold climate, insufficient heat in vegetative growth time (March), inadequate precipitation in the cultivation and initial growth time (October and December), and also lack of phosphate fertilizer and seed overuse were identified as the systematic risk factors.}, Keywords = {Climate Change,Insurance precipitation,temperature,Iran}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {895-909}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8811-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8811-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kazemiyeh, F. and Sadighi, H and Chizari, M.}, title = {Investigation of Rural Tourism in East Azarbaijan Province of Iran Utilizing SWOT Model and Delphi Technique}, abstract ={The main purpose of this study was to investigate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of rural tourism in East Azarbaijan Province of Iran. To fulfill this objective, SWOT model analysis with Delphi technique was used as a method of refining group opinions and substituting computed consensus for an agreed-upon majority opinion. Findings indicated that favorable climate conditions, environmental potential, natural, historical and cultural tourism zones are the most important strengths, while lack of information and promotional activities to introduce rural tourism attractions and limited education and training of the villagers in how to deal with the tourists are the main weaknesses. Also, the most important opportunities include an increasing tendency to use nature for calmness and recreational activities, a growing attention by province management toward rural tourism, and investment in folklore such as music, local and traditional dress, Cultural Heritage, Handicraft, and Tourism Organization's efforts to rehabilitate and repair historic and cultural buildings, an increasing interest to visit the rural tourism areas, employment in tourism-related activities in rural areas, and appropriate legislation for the development of rural tourism. On the other hand, destruction and gradual extinction of plant and animal species caused by tourists' intervention, demolition of historic villages, lack of attention to rural tourism by extension and rural sector in the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, lack of or limited service providers or travel agents to visit rural areas, waste emissions and environmental damages are the main threats in this study.}, Keywords = {Development,Economic diversification,Group opinions,Tourism industry,Tourism planning}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {911-923}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3436-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3436-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {MajidzadehHeravi, R. and Sankian, M. and Kermanshahi, H. and Nassiri, M. R. and HeraviMoussavi, A. and RoozbehNasiraii, L. and Varasteh, A. R.}, title = {Construction of a Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacterium that Expresses Acid-Resistant Phytase Enzyme}, abstract ={The use of genetically engineered probiotics to express specific enzymes has been the subject of considerable attention in poultry industry because of increased nutrient availability and reduced cost of enzyme supplementation. Phytase enzyme is commonly added to poultry feed to improve digestibility and availability of phosphorus from plant sources. To construct a probiotic with potential of phytate degradation, phytase gene (appA) from E. coli was cloned and transformed into two probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactococcus lactis. The results showed plasmid instability, unable to express the gene. The expression of appA gene in L. lactis was analyzed by detecting specific RNA and zymography assay. Phytase enzyme was isolated from cellular extracts of recombinant L. lactis, showing a 46 kDa band upon the SDS-PAGE analysis. Zymogram also confirmed the phytase activity of the 46 kDa band corresponding to the enzyme. An enzyme activity of 4.9 U mL-1 was obtained in cell extracts of L. lactis. The growth of native and recombinant L. lactis was similar in the presence of two concentrations of ox bile.}, Keywords = {Lactobacillus salivarus,Lactococcus lactis,Recombinant,Phytase,Poultry}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {925-936}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4055-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4055-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Direkvandi, E. and Rouzbehan, Y. and Fazaeli, H.}, title = {Effects of Feeding Frequency on Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior in the Turkmen Horse}, abstract ={In this experiment, sixteen Turkmen horses with average weights of 430±46 kg and age 7±3 years were used. Four feeding frequencies of 2, 4, 6, and 8 meals per day were used for a period of 28 days. Data were statistically analyzed based on a completely randomized design, and the results showed that increased feeding frequency led to more stable serum glucose levels throughout the day and an increase in the digestibility of nutrients (P< 0.05). However, ether extract digestibility was not influenced by feeding frequency. Means of chewing and swallowing (per kg DM) of alfalfa were not influenced by feeding frequency. Also, the chewing and swallowing rates of concentrate for the treatment of 2 meals per day increased (P< 0.05). By increasing the feeding frequency, alfalfa intake decreased, but duration of forage intake increased in the treatment of 8 meals per day (P< 0.05). In contrast, by increasing the feeding frequency, concentrate intake was increased, but duration of concentrate intake was decreased in the treatment of 8 meals per day (P< 0.05). In conclusion, feeding 2 times per day more often resulted in lower digestibility of different nutrients and less steady-state level of serum glucose than other feeding frequencies.}, Keywords = {Chewing and swallowing rates,Forage intake,Horse management,Serum glucose}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {937-948}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1915-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1915-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, H. and Ansari-Pirsaraei, Z.}, title = {Follicle Diameters, Egg Weight, and Egg Production Performance in Old Laying Hens Injected with Growth Hormone and Testosterone}, abstract ={Hen aging is accompanied by a disruption of productive performance, namely, egg production. The current study was carried out to investigate how exogenous Growth Hormone (GH) and Testosterone (Ts) change diameters of hierarchal follicles, egg weight, and egg production performance of old laying hens in the late phase of production. To this end, 160 HyLine W-36 laying hens (aged 73 weeks), were injected (single injection) with GH and Ts as follows: Treatment 1: 100 µL distilled water (control group); Treatment 2: 500 µg Ts kg-1 Body-Weight (BW)+50 µg GH kg-1 body-weight; Treatment 3: 500 µg Ts kg-1 BW+100 µg GH kg-1 BW, and Treatment 4: 500 µg Ts kg-1 BW+150 µg GH kg-1 BW. The experiment had four replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. The diameters of Small White Follicle (SWF), Large White Follicle (LWF), the First (F1), Second (F2) and Third (F3) largest yellow follicles in treatment 3 were significantly larger than in the control group, in the second week after the injection. Hen-Day Egg Production percent (HDEP), egg mass, and Feed Intake (FI) of treatment 3 were significantly higher than all other groups, during the second week after the injection; besides, HDEP and FI in treatment 4 were significantly more than in the control group. These results suggest that in old laying hen, GH and Ts may positively influence follicular diameters and egg production performance.}, Keywords = {Egg parameters,Hen-day egg production,HyLine W-36 laying hens}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {949-959}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6411-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6411-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Forutan, M. and AnsariMahyari, S. and Edriss, M. A.}, title = {Genetic Analysis of Postnatal Mortality and Calving Traits in Iranian Holstein Herds Using Threshold-Linear Models}, abstract ={This study was conducted to estimate the additive genetic components of calf mortality in the first month of age, calving difficulty, and birth weight in Holstein dairy cows in the central regions of Iran. The records comprised 61,200 calves born between 1990 and 2011 from 60 dairy herds. Different threshold-linear models in three groups of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate models were used. The frequency of calf mortality was 2.6%. Distribution of calving difficulty score was 65.12% in the first category (no assistance), 30.66% in the second, 3.12% in the third, and 1.1% in the fourth (major assistance). Averages of birth weight and dam age were 40.34 kg and 769.4 days, respectively. Direct Heritability estimation for calf mortality varied from 0.005 to 0.027. The estimated heritability for calving difficulty ranged from 0.032 to 0.050. Heritability for birth weight was estimated about 0.22. The results of this study showed that there were genetic variations for all traits. Although there was no strong additive genetic correlation between the traits, an environmental correlation between mortality and other traits was observed. Results suggested that implementation of threshold models for mortality trait was more favorable, but they were not reflected in genetic analysis of calving difficulty records. Furthermore, current findings indicated that benefit from the use of multi-traits models for genetic evaluation of postnatal mortality depended on the methodology (linear or threshold model) used for mortality trait.}, Keywords = {Birth weight,Calf mortality,Calving difficulty,Genetic parameters,Linear- Threshold models}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {961-973}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5654-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5654-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zhang, L. and Zhang, G. X. and Li, R. R.}, title = {Water Quality Analysis and Prediction Using Hybrid Time Series and Neural Network Models}, abstract ={Chagan Lake serves as an important ecological barrier in western Jilin. Accurate water quality series predictions for Chagan Lake are essential to the maintenance of water environment security. In the present study, a hybrid AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) model is used to predict and examine the water quality [Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP)] of Chagan Lake. The results reveal the following: (1) TN concentrations in Chagan Lake increased slightly from 2006 to 2011, though yearly variations in TP were not significant. The TN and TP levels were mainly classified as Grades IV and V, (2) The hybrid ARIMA and RBFNN model’s RMSE values for the observed and predicted data were 0.139 and 0.036 mg L-1 for TN and TP, respectively, which indicated that the hybrid model describes TN and TP variations more comprehensively and accurately than single ARIMA and RBFNN model. The results serve as a theoretical basis for ecological and environmental monitoring of Chagan Lake and may help guide irrigation district and water project construction planning for western Jilin Province.}, Keywords = {ARIMA model,Chagan Lake,RBFNN model,Total N,Total P}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {975-983}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11909-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11909-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Akandeh, M. and Kocheili, F. and Soufbaf, M. and Rasekh, A. and Mozafari, K.}, title = {Effect of Canola Physical Mutation on Plutella xylostella (L.) Life Table}, abstract ={Life history of insect herbivores is unclear after feeding on mutant lines of many crops. To shed light, demographic parameters of Plutella xylostella on three canola cultivars (“Zar”, “RGS”, “Talaye”) and their physical mutation-derived lines (“Zar 9-9”, “RGS 8-1”, “RGS 10-2”, “RGS 8-13” and “Talaye 8-3”) were determined under greenhouse condition. Methods of life table including the female age specific life table and the age-stage, two-sex life table were applied. According to two-sex life table, there was no significant difference between demographic parameters of P. xylostella on “Talaye” and “Zar” in comparison with their mutant lines, but significant differences were observed between these parameters on mutant lines of “RGS”. Having suitable cultural traits, “RGS 8-1” was more susceptible than the other two mutant lines and its control cultivar “RGS” in terms of population growth of the pest. According to the two-sex life table, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were the highest on RGS 8-1 (98.63 offspring per individual, 0.208 and 1.231 day-1, respectively). Also, population projection showed the rapid growth of the pest on the latter line. There was a little difference between the same population parameters estimated by two methods of life table. Investigating some consequences of plant breeding using radiation techniques on insect fitness not only leads plant breeders to do more unfailing selections but also provides some enlightenment in pest management programs effectively when plantation of such crops is prioritized.}, Keywords = {Age-stage two-sex life table,Diamondback moth,Female age-specific life table,Gamma ray,Insect fitness}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {985-998}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10416-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10416-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kwiatkowski, C. and Harasim, E. and Wesołowski, M.}, title = {Effects of Catch Crops and Tillage System on Weed Infestation and Health of Spring Wheat}, abstract ={The paper presents results of research on weed infestation and health of spring wheat grown in the three-year monoculture. The field experiment was carried out on loess soil, classified as “good wheat complex” (soil class II). The first experimental factor was the type of Catch Crop (CC): (a) Object control, no catch crop, (b) White mustard, (c) Tansy phacelia, and (d) Mixture (bean+spring vetch+oat). The second factor was Tillage System (TS): (a) Plow Tillage (PT), and (b) Conservation Tillage (plowless tillage, CT). It was proved that catch crops (especially white mustard) could be an effective way to reduce the negative effects of growing spring wheat in monoculture. This causes both the reduction of the number and weight of weeds in the field, as well as reduction of the proportion of fungal pathogens infecting wheat plants. The regenerating effects of catch crops in the three-year wheat monoculture were more effective under conventional tillage conditions compared to conservation tillage. It also showed that the conservation tillage system had significant effect on increasing the quantitative indicators of weed infestation of wheat and increasing the number of weed seeds in the soil. Conventional tillage with plowing resulted in smaller biodiversity of weed species than conservation tillage system. Tillage method did not cause differentiation degree of infection of wheat stem base by a fungal disease complex. Catch crops, in particular white mustard, proved to be an effective method to reduce the degree of infection of spring wheat by fungal pathogens.}, Keywords = {Fungal diseases,Catch crops,Conservation tillage,Tillage systems,White mustard}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {999-1012}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-515-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-515-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Torabian, S. and Zahedi, M. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.}, title = {Effect of Foliar Spray of Zinc Oxide on Some Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Sunflower under Salt Stress}, abstract ={This study investigated the effects of foliar application of normal and nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the growth, proline content, and some antioxidant enzyme activities of sunflower cultivars at different salinity levels. Treatments included five cultivars (Helianthus annuus L. cvs. Alstar, Olsion, Yourflor, Hysun36, and Hysun33), two salinity levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl), and three foliar applications (none-sprayed, ZnO normal and nanoparticles at a rate of 2 g/L). Olsion showed the highest proline content and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) among the studied cultivars under saline condition. Foliar spray of ZnO improved SOD activity and shoot dry weight of sunflower. Nanoparticles of ZnO had positive effect on biomass production of sunflower plants compared to the normal form. According to the result, Olsion and Hysun33 cultivars were suitable for saline conditions, whereas Hysun36 was appropriate for normal condition.}, Keywords = {nanoparticles,Superoxide dismutase,Helianthus annuus,Proline}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1013-1025}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5061-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5061-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sharifi-Rad, J. and Sharifi-Rad, M. and A.TeixeiradaSilva, Jaime}, title = {Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Crops (Zea mays L., Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Medicinal Plants (Hyssopus officinalis L., Nigella sativa L.), and Weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) Exposed to SiO2 Nanoparticles}, abstract ={In this research, two field crops(Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L.), two medicinal plants(Hyssopus officinalis L. and Nigella sativa L.)and two weeds(Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg) were separately treated with three concentrations of SiO2 nanoparticles (400, 2,000, and 4,000 mg L-1). The effects of these treatments on morphological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were assessed, including germination, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates, total protein, total amino acid, and proline content. In the crops and medicinal plants, 400 mg L-1 SiO2 NPs significantly increased seed germination, root and shoot lengths, fresh weights (except for H. officinalis) and dry weights, photosynthetic pigments, total protein, and total amino acid (except for H. officinalis). In weeds, as SiO2 NP concentration increased from 400 to 4,000 mg L-1, germination, root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments as well as total protein decreased. Total carbohydrates in all plants decreased significantly, except for A. retroflexus at 400 mg L-1 SiO2 NPs. In all plant species, with increasing SiO2 NP concentration, proline content increased significantly. According to these results, a lower concentration of SiO2 NPs can have beneficial effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of plants.}, Keywords = {Germination,Photosynthetic pigments,Total amino acid,Total carbohydrates,Total protein}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1027-1040}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12014-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-12014-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghanizadeh, H. and Harrington, K. and James, T. and Woolley, D. and Ellison, N.}, title = {Restricted Herbicide Translocation Was Found in Two Glyphosate-resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Populations from New Zealand}, abstract ={Glyphosate resistance has been found in two populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) following many years of glyphosate application in New Zealand vineyards. Dose-response experiments showed that both glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass populations had 10-fold levels of resistance to glyphosate compared to a susceptible population. Possible mechanisms of glyphosate resistance target site mutation at position Pro-106 of 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene and alterations in glyphosate absorption/translocation in these populations were investigated. Genotyping assays demonstrated that there was no point mutation at Codon 106 of the 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene in either of the resistant populations. Glyphosate-resistant and susceptible populations did not differ in 14C-glyphosate absorption. However, in both resistant populations, much more of the absorbed 14C-glyphosate was retained in the treated leaf than occurred in the susceptible population. Significantly more 14C-glyphosate was found in the pseudostem region of susceptible plants than resistant plants. Based on these results, it was suggested that alterations in glyphosate translocation patterns plays a major role in glyphosate resistance for Italian ryegrass populations from these New Zealand vineyards.}, Keywords = {EPSP synthase mutation,Glyphosate,Herbicide resistance,Mechanism of resistance,Weeds}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1041-1051}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3456-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3456-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Modi, A. T. and Mare, R.}, title = {Alpha Amylase Activity and Sprouting During Short Term Storage of Taro Corms}, abstract ={The objective of this study was to investigate taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] corm quality as determined by changes in starch morphology and degradation during storage after harvest. Starch is the major nutrient component of taro corms and its quality in corms that are stored as planting material or consumption has not been fully explained. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the changes that occur to the surface morphology of starch granules in corms of taro landraces, Dumbe-dumbe, Mgingqeni and Pitshi, stored at cool (12ºC) and ambient (20ºC) temperatures. Alpha-amylase activity and sprouting were used as indicators of changes in the starch granules, and hence corm quality, during storage in polyethylene bags, card boxes, and mesh bags. The degradation of starch granules, alpha amylase activity, and sprouting increased over storage time and varied with landraces, storage material, and temperature. Overall, there was 23% more alpha-amylase activity and 67% more sprouting at 20ºC compared with 12ºC. With respect to storage material, polyethylene bags showed the highest alpha-amylase activity (0.18 EU 0.1 g-1) followed by card boxes (0.15 EU mg-1 0.1 g-1) and mesh bags (0.14 EU mg-1 0.1 g-1). A similar, but more pronounced, trend was observed for sprouting. The findings have implications for selection of storage material for food and propagule storage.}, Keywords = {Colocasia esculenta,Electron microscopy,Landrace,Starch granules}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1053-1063}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5088-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5088-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ma, Z. H. and Sun, G. S. and Zhang, C. W. and Wang, Q. and Dai, Z. L. and Sun, S. Q. and Pan, Y. P.}, title = {Chlorophyll Content, Chloroplast Ultrastructure and Transcriptome Analysis in Wild-type and Yellow-bud-mutant Hot Peppers}, abstract ={The yellow-bud mutant hot pepper, 96-140YBM, which exhibits a yellow leaf phenotype in its young leaves but whose matured leaves are green, was isolated from wild type 96-140 in this study. The results of photosynthetic pigment determination and chloroplast ultrastructure observation revealed that the young mutant leaves displayed Chl a+b and Cars content, increased Chl a/b and Car/Chl a+b ratios, and delayed chloroplast development compared with the wild type leaves. Here, we obtained 95,714 transcripts from cultured yellow-bud mutant yellow leaves and cultured wild-type seedling leaves using the Illumina HiSeq-2000 (Illumina Inc., USA) platform. A total of 42,384 unigenes were identified, among which 37,949 were annotated using gene descriptions or gene ontology terms. Based on Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) analysis, 1,056 of the 1,101 DEGs were annotated in the Nr database, and 302 unigenes were mapped to 130 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Finally, we found that 6 pathways were related to chloroplast and chlorophyll biogenesis.}, Keywords = {Hot pepper,Chloroplast,Transcriptome,Yellow-bud mutant,Wild type}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1065-1078}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-600-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-600-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Estrada-Ortiz, E. and Trejo-Téllez1, L. I. and Gómez-Merino, F. C. and Silva-Rojas, H. V. and Castillo-González, A. M. and Avitia-García, E.}, title = {Physiological Responses of Chard and Lettuce to Phosphite Supply in Nutrient Solution}, abstract ={We evaluated the effect of different concentrations of Phosphite (Phi) (0, 0.25, and 0.50 mM) in nutrient solution on lettuce and chard. The fresh and dry biomass of lettuce shoots and heads, root volume, and P accumulation in roots showed no significant differences compared to the controls for different Phi concentrations in nutrient solution. In chard, no statistical differences were found among Phi concentrations for P concentrations in roots and shoots, total free amino-acids in leaves, chlorophyll-b, and soluble sugars. The phosphorus concentration in lettuce shoots was 15.6 and 50.6% higher in plants treated with 0.25 and 0.50 mM of Phi, respectively, compared with the controls. In lettuce, phosphorus levels in roots, total free amino-acids and soluble sugars in leaves were statistically greater for 0.25 mM of Phi in nutrient solution. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, b and total chlorophyll in lettuce leaves increased positively with Phi concentration in nutrient solution. The addition of more than 0.25 mM of Phi to the nutrient solution for chard negatively affected the fresh and dry biomass weight of shoots and roots, and P accumulation in roots and shoots. The concentration of chlorophyll-a, b and total chlorophyll in chard leaves was statistically higher with 0.25 mM of Phi in nutrient solution. We conclude that Phi has differential effects on lettuce and chard physiology, and positive plant responses may be observed when Phi is used up to 0.25 mM in sufficient P conditions.}, Keywords = {Biomass weight,Chlorophyll,Phosphorus,Total free amino-acids,Total soluble proteins}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1079-1090}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2621-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2621-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Abdel-Razzak, H. and Wahb-Allah, M. and Ibrahim, A. and Alenazi, M. and Alsadon, A.}, title = {Response of Cherry Tomato to Irrigation Levels and Fruit Pruning under Greenhouse Conditions}, abstract ={A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of cherry tomato cultivar Dulcito RZ to different irrigation levels and fruit pruning treatments. Treatments were three irrigation levels [50, 75, and 100%, based on the crop Evapotranspiration (ETc)], and three fruit pruning treatments (6, 8, and 10 fruits truss-1). Results showed that the highest irrigation level (100% ETc) increased fruit weight and size, and total and marketable yield. However, water stress treatment (50% ETc) increased fruit quality traits (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and total sugars). Plants pruned to 6 fruits truss-1 yielded a heavier and larger fruit size, while unpruned plants had smaller fruit size with a significant increase in total and marketable yield due to increased number of fruits plant-1. The increased incidence of fruit cracking with lower fruit load (6 fruits truss-1) or with higher irrigation level (100% ETc) were related with the larger fruit size. The 50% ETc and full fruits truss-1 (zero fruit pruning) treatments caused the highest values of irrigation water use efficiency (25.6-25.8 and 29.9-30.4 kg m-3, respectively). To maximize marketable yield of cherry tomato and conserving irrigation water, it is recommended to apply 10 fruits truss-1 pruning treatment along with the medium irrigation water level (75% ETc) under greenhouse conditions.}, Keywords = {Fruit cracking,Irrigation water use efficiency,Marketable yield}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1091-1103}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8614-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8614-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sarhan, S. and Hamed, F. and Al-Youssef, W.}, title = {The rbcL Gene Sequence Variations among and within Prunus Species}, abstract ={The objective of this study was to detect the level of SNP variations of rbcL gene sequences among and within Prunus species including 17 locally cultivated and wild relatives of Prunus, and two species of the subfamily Maloideae (Malus domestica and Pyrus communis), as out groups. The rbcL sequences were amplified, sequenced, and aligned to determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The rbcL gene tree of the samples showed two main clusters. The first included the outgroup taxa (M. domestica and P. communis); and all Prunus samples in the second cluster including Prunus armeniaca, which separated in a subcluster. Our results indicate that rbcL gene sequence analysis provides a well-defined tool to study relationships within and among Prunus species, and can be successfully used in constructing reliable phylogenetic tree for Prunus accessions.}, Keywords = {Genetic relationship,Prunus,rbcL,Sequencing}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1105-1115}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2023-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2023-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Radman, S. and Žutić, I. and Čoga, L. and Fabek, S. and Benko, B. and Toth, N.}, title = {Yield and Mineral Content of Stinging Nettle as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization}, abstract ={Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a valuable multifunctional plant species, mainly collected from natural habitats, but, quality of such plant material is rather variable. Cultivation of the plant allows for controlling some environmental factors and enhances the quality of the product. The goal of this research was to determine the influence of different doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-1) on yield, dry matter content, crude proteins and mineral content in stinging nettle herbage collected at flowering time. Results of the study showed that nitrogen fertilization had a negative effect on the amount of dry matter, content of phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements. Crude proteins significantly increased with use of larger amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and the highest value was recorded in the last harvest at 200 kg N ha-1 (180.0 g kg-1). The amount of iron measured in this research was very variable (0.62-2.96 g kg-1) and much higher compared to the other studies on stinging nettle and similar leafy vegetables rich in iron. The highest total yield of fresh stinging nettle herbagewas achieved at 200 kg N ha-1 (15.18 t ha-1), however, in the absence of nitrogen fertilization, the highest values of mineral composition and dry matter content were recorded.}, Keywords = {Crude proteins,Dry matter,Multiple harvests,Urtica dioica}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1117-1128}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3558-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3558-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zhang, H. and Zhou, J. and Zheng, X. and Zhang, Z. and Wang, Z. and Tan, X.}, title = {Characterization of a Desiccation Stress Induced Lipase Gene from Brassica napusL.}, abstract ={Lipases are known to have important functions in many physiological processes in plants. Here, we cloned a lipase gene via Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) technique from Brassica napus L., designated as BnDIL1 (B. napus Desiccation-Induced Lipase 1). The lipase enzyme activity was confirmed by estimating the lipase activity and reduced lipids content in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (pep4)transformant. Two B. napus lines with different oil contents were employed to examine the transcription profiles of BnDIL1 during the processes of seed morphogenesis, maturation, dormancy, pregermination and germination. The transcription level of lipid degradation pathway was enhanced during the processes of seed maturation, dormancy, pregermination and germination, and was higher in seeds of low oil-contents line than that of high oil-contents line. However, BnDIL1 was significantly activated when seed desiccation started. Both “slow desiccation” and “fast desiccation” treatments on seedlings dramatically activated the transcription of BnDIL1, while only “slow desiccation” stress, which would induce the cell apoptosis, significantly activated the transcription of lipid degradation gene. This result demonstrated that BnDIL1 in B. napus was desiccation stress dependent gene rather than fatty acids degradation gene.}, Keywords = {Enzyme activity,Oil-content,Rapid amplification,Seed,Transcription profiles of BnDIL1}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1129-1141}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6890-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6890-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Elsherbiny, E. A. and El-Khateeb, A. Y. and Azzaz, N.}, title = {Chemical Composition and Fungicidal Effects of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil on Bipolaris and Cochliobolus Species}, abstract ={The fungus Cochliobolus is the teleomorph of Bipolaris and Curvularia which are economically important plant pathogens worldwide. Several species of Bipolaris are well documented human pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum against some Bipolaris and Cochliobolus species. Sixteen compounds, representing 95.4% of the chemical components of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum, were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds were estragole (55.95%), 1,8-Cineole (10.56%), methyl eugenol (10.09%) and linalool (5.57%). Aromatic oxygenated monoterpenes (57.42%) were the dominant constituents of the essential oil followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (16.13%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.9%). The essential oil exhibited a complete inhibition of the growth of Bipolaris ellisii, Bipolaris hawaiensis, Bipolaris spicifera, Cochliobolus australiensis andCochliobolus cynodontis at 80 mg/mL and fungicidal effect on Cochliobolus australiensis only at the same concentration after six and twelve days of exposure. Spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. hawaiensis were completely inhibited by the essential oil (at 40 mg/mL) and B. spicifera (at 80 mg/mL) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 40 to 160 mg/mL. These results suggest that the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum is a potential and promising antifungal tool for controlling plant and human fungal pathogens.}, Keywords = {GC–MS,Antifungal tools,Plant pathogens}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1143-1152}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8976-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8976-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {AnsariPirsaraei, Z. and Dirandeh, E. and RezaeiRoodbari, A.}, title = {Effect of Service Numbers on Resynchronization Responses in Lactating Dairy Cows during Warm Season}, abstract ={Our objective in this study was to consider the effect of service numbers on the percentage of lactating cows that responded to the resynchronization and fertility during warm season. Lactating dairy cows (n= 750) in five groups of 150 with different service numbers according to the last service (AI1= First service, AI2= 2nd, AI3= 3rd, AI4= 4th, AI≥ 5) were assigned to receive Ovsynch56 starting on day 28 after fixed time AI (TAI). Ultrasonography was done during Ovsynch56 injections and also for confirmation of pregnancy in all cows at 32 and 60±4 days after fixed timed AI. Results showed proportion of cows that ovulated in response to the first GnRH injection of Ovsynch was greatest (P= 0.01) in the first service cows compared with other services. In addition, cows that ovulated in response to the first GnRH of Ovsynch had greater response to PGF2α of Ovsynch (91.8 vs. 74.2%, respectively) and finally greater conception rate (CR) at 32 d after AI (32.1 vs. 24.6%, respectively) than those that did not ovulate. Conception rate at 32 and 60 days after AI was similar up to the third service (29.1 and 21.8% at days 32 and 60, respectively), but decreased after that (19.75 and 10.4% at days 32 and 60, respectively, P= 0.02). In conclusion, results of this study showed service numbersaffected the proportion of cows that responded to resynchronization protocol. Conception rate was reasonable up to the third service, but, after the third breeding, proportion of cows that responded to resynchronization decreased and CR dropped below 20%.}, Keywords = {Conception rate,Ovsynch,Pregnancy loss,Ultrasonography}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1153-1160}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7493-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7493-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Uzmay, A. and Ozden, F.}, title = {A Study on the Factors Affecting the Dairy Policy Opinions of the 2013 Turkey National Dairy Summit Participants}, abstract ={This study has three main objectives. Firstly, to put forward 2013 Turkey National Dairy Summit participants’ opinions about milk policy; secondly, to determine the possible factors affecting these opinions and finally; to put forth the solutions which were suggested by the participants for the determined problems. To achieve these goals, 83 participants were interviewed in the dairy summit. 43% of participants were agricultural engineers, 19% food engineers, 14% veterinarians, and 24% of them were from other occupations. The opinions of the participants on current milk policies in Turkey have been categorized as; ‘effective’, ‘undecided’,’ ineffective’, ‘not effective at all’. When responses of ‘effective’ were compared to the other three opinion groups using multinomial logistic regression, the results showed that factors such as, participants’ being an agricultural engineer, a veterinary practitioner, their education levels and their involvement in milk related issues within their occupation have distinguishing characteristics. Among the participants, 40% were of the opinion that the subsidiaries should be subject to milk quality and hygiene standards. Study findings indicated that a milk strategy plan should be prepared for the milk market to gain stability in the long term. To be effective in the market, this plan also should include regional feed and production strategy and should be prepared together with dairy farmer organizations.}, Keywords = {Dairy Policy,Dairy Policy Tools,Turkey}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1163-1172}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8518-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8518-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bojnec, S. and Fertő, I.}, title = {Drivers of the Duration of Grain Competitiveness in European :union: Countries}, abstract ={This paper describes an evaluation of the drivers of the duration of grain competitiveness in the European :union: (EU-27) member states on global markets from 2000 to 2011. Results indicate that most of the EU-27 member states were competitive with at least one segment of grain chain products. The long-term competitiveness of grain products differs between the EU-27 member states and across grain chain product groups. Trade costs reduce, while agricultural endowments, the level of economic development, export differentiation for final consumer grain products, EU enlargement and recent EU membership increase the duration of grain competitiveness. Competitiveness may be increased through sustainable grain trade specialization with a focus either on entering the market for diversified niche products, or on developing a competitive, global, integrated supply chain management system.}, Keywords = {Grain competitiveness,Global trade,Duration analysis,Discrete time models,European :union:}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1173-1185}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8102-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8102-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Yolmeh, M. and SadeghiMahoonak, A.}, title = {Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase From Iranian Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) Fruit}, abstract ={In this study, the crude protein extract containing PolyPhenolOxidase (PPO) and Peroxidases (POD) were extracted from medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L.) grown in Golestan Province, Iran. POD and PPO activities were studied using guaiacol and catechol as substrates, respectively. The effect of pH, temperature and thermal stability, inhibitors and cations were investigated. Results showed that Vmax was higher for PPO compared to the POD. The optimum pHs for POD and PPO were obtained at 6.5 and 5.5, respectively. The optimum temperature for both enzymes was 35°C. The Iranian medlar POD was more thermal stable than the PPO. Ascorbic acid had the highest inhibitory effect on both enzymes. Ca2+ and Zn2+ had the highest decreasing and increasing effect on both enzymes.}, Keywords = {characterization,Medlar,Peroxidase,Polyphenoloxidase}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1187-1195}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4544-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4544-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Naderi, B. and Maghsoudlou, Y. and Aminifar, M. and Ghorbani, M. and Rashidi, L.}, title = {Comparison of Microwave with Conventional Heating on Phytochemical Compounds of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Concentrate}, abstract ={In this study the effects of concentration on tannin content, total anthocyanin content, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of cornelian cherry juice using conventional and microwave methods under various operational pressures (100, 38.5 and 12 kPa) were investigated. The final juice concentration of 42° Brix was achieved in 137, 125, and 93 minutes at 100, 38.5 and 12 kPa, respectively, by conventional heating. Applying microwave energy decreased required times to 115, 90, and 75 min. at 100, 38.5 and 12 kPa, respectively. Results showed that thermal treatment by microwave compared to conventional heating under low-pressure operation (12 kPa) caused less decrease in the phytochemical content (tannin content, total anthocyanin content, total phenol content and antioxidant activity) of cornelian cherry juice.}, Keywords = {Cornelian cherry concentrate,Conventional heating,Microwave heating,Phytochemical compounds}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1197-1208}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9348-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9348-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Adibpour, N. and Soleimanian-Zad, S. and Sarabi-Jamab, M. and Tajalli, F.}, title = {Effect of Storage Time and Concentration of Aflatoxin M1 on Toxin Binding Capacity of L. acidophilus in Fermented milk Product}, abstract ={Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and immunosuppressive agents. Acute exposure to high level of aflatoxins leads to aflatoxicosis, which cause rapid death due to liver failure. Immune modulating effects of probiotic bacteria have good prospects to detoxification of natural foods. This study was aimed to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus strainLA-5 in the presence and absence of yoghurt starter culture for removing Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in comparison with yoghurt starter cultures (108 CFU ml-1). AFM1 detoxification was evaluated for 21 days of yoghurt storage at 4°C at different concentrations of Aflatoxin (0.1, 0.5 and 0.75 µg L-1). The amounts of unbound AFM1 were determined using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). L. acidophilus combined with yoghurt starter culture and alone could significantly (P≤ 0.05) remove AFM1 compared to control group. The results indicated that increasing initial AFM1 concentration in the yoghurt samples and storage time affected the capacity of AFM1 binding.}, Keywords = {Aflatoxin M1,Biological detoxification,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,Lactic acid bacteria,Yoghurt}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1209-1220}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4462-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4462-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi, M. and Barzegar, M. and Nabil, M.}, title = {Geographical Discrimination of Iranian Pomegranate Cultivars Based on Organic Acids Composition and Multivariate Analysis}, abstract ={In this study, geographical discrimination of some Iranian pomegranate cultivars was investigated using chromatographic analyses and multivariate statistical methods. The organic acid content of 24 pomegranate samples of different cultivars (5 sweet, 7 sweet-sour and 12 sour cultivars) from different production sites (Yazd and Markazi Provinces, Iran) were analyzed by HPLC/UV. Ten organic acids including oxalic, tartaric, malic, shikimic, ascorbic, maleic, succinic, citric, acetic and fumaric were identified and quantified in freshly prepared juices. The total organic acid content was in the range of 105.4–2074.4 mg 100 g-1 of pomegranate juice. Citric acid predominated in most cultivars especially in sour cultivars, while sweet-sour and sweet ones were characterized by high malic acid content. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that principle component 2 was responsible for discrimination of two geographical regions. Furthermore, Factor Analysis (FA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) showed the high potential in complete separation of pomegranate cultivars based on geographical origins.}, Keywords = {Chemometrics,Geographical origin,HPLC,Organic acid profile,Pomegranate}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1221-1232}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5768-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5768-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ladjevardi, Zh. S. and Yarmand, M. and Emam-Djomeh, Z. and Niasari-Naslaji, A.}, title = {Physicochemical Properties and Viability of Probiotic Bacteria of Functional Synbiotic Camel Yogurt Affected by Oat β-Glucan during Storage}, abstract ={The unique properties of camel milk, qualify this product to be used as a nutraceutical. In this study, functional synbiotic yogurt made from camel milk has been investigated in three levels of fat (0, 2.5 and 5% (w/v)). Probiotic bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacilus delbrueckii and ssp. bulgaricus.) and β-glucan (prebiotic agent) were added in three levels of concentration (0.5, 1 and 1.5 % (v/v)) and (0, 1 and 2% (w/v)), respectively. The physicochemical properties of the product and viability of probiotic bacteria were measured on the 0, 7th and 14th days. Beta-glucan, fat and storage time had significantly (P< 0.05) increasing effects on viscosity, Water-Holding Capacity (WHC) and the viability of probiotic bacteria. These parameters caused decrease in syneresis and pH of yogurt. It was concluded that the addition of oat β-glucan to camel milk to make functional synbiotic yogurt could result in a product of acceptable physicochemical properties.}, Keywords = {β-glucan,Camel milk,Prebiotic,Probiotic,Yogurt}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1233-1246}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1111-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1111-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {SanjayKumar, K. and PrasadKhanduri, V. and Kar, K. and MohanSharma, Ch. and KumarRiyal, M.}, title = {Effect of Growth Regulators and Time on In vitro Pollen Germination in three Ornamental Tropical Tree Species}, abstract ={In vitro pollen germination of three tropical tree species, viz. Spathodea campanulata, Bauhinia purperia and B. racemosa was done to know the effect of growth regulators and time on pollen germination. Three concentrations, i.e. 100, 200 and 300 ppm of four growth hormones (IAA, IBA, GA3 and Kinetin) and sucrose (5 and 10%) alone were used as germination medium. The results revealed that pollen germination under control condition is very low and oscillating between 4.6±1.2 and 17.8±3.2%. The growth hormones and sucrose was found effective inducing pollen germination. IAA and IBA were found effective for both species of Bauhinia whereas GA3 and kinetin were found suitable for Spathodea campanulata. Maximum germination was recorded in the initial 24h of setting experiment, which further declined in 48h and was recorded very less and even 0.0% after 72 hours of treatment. There was significant (< 0.0001) effect of time, hormone and species on pollen germination. Sucrose has shown good response (43 to 64%) in all selected tropical tree species. All the three tree species are cross pollinated, which depend on the variety services of pollinators. Low % in vitro pollen germination in control condition in Spathoda campanulata and Bauhinia purpurea reflects that both species are prone to pollination and fertilization failure if appropriate pollinators and receptive stigmas are unavailable to them early after anther dehiscence.}, Keywords = {Gibberellic acid,Pollen Production,Pollen viability,Spathodea,Bauhinia}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1247-1255}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2964-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2964-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Karami, L. and Amir-Maafi, M. and Shahrokhi, S. and Imani, S. and Shojai, M.}, title = {Demography of the Bird Cherry-oat Aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Different Barley Varieties}, abstract ={Life table parameters of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) were determined on different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. Experiments were carried out under laboratory condition of 26­±­1ºC, 65­±­5% RH and photoperiod of 16­:­8 (L­:­D) hours. Newborn first instar nymphs of the same age were reared on the leaves of six barley varieties using leaf cages. Nymphal development time, mortality, longevity and adult fecundity were recorded daily. Nymphal survivorship varied from 71% to 88% on the varieties tested. The results revealed significant effect of experimental varieties on demographic statistics of R. padi. The intrinsic rate of natural increase rm, ranged between 0.318 and 0.366 female/­female/­day; the range of other life table parameters was from 1.37 to 1.44 day-1 for finite rate of increase λ, 43.83 to 60.65 female­/female­/­generation for net Reproductive rate R0,1.89 to 2.17 days for Doubling Time DT and 11.19 to 11.86 days for mean generation Time T. In conclusion, analysis of biological parameters indicated Valfajr and Fajr30 as relatively less susceptible varieties to R. padi, while Reihan­03, Kavir and Zarjow were considered as relatively more susceptible and Nosrat was placed in the same statistical group with other varieties.}, Keywords = {Barley,Integrated pest management,Life table,Plant resistance}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1257-1266}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10180-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10180-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghorbani, M. and Saber, M. and Bagheri, M. and Vaez, N.}, title = {Effects of Diazinon and Fipronil on Different Developmental Stages of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym.; Trichogrammatidae)}, abstract ={The integration of biological and chemical control approaches is very important for a successful Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program. Demographic approaches give a better understanding of the side effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms. In this study, laboratory bioassays were set up to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of diazinon and fipronil on different stages of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The effects of Field Recommended Concentration (FRC) of diazinon and fipronil were studied on larvae, prepupa and pupae of the parasitoid. Diazinon and fipronil reduced adult emergence by 99.74 and 50.46%, respectively. The LC50 values for diazinon and fipronil on adult stage were 0.11 and 0.46 µg ai ml-1, respectively. The sublethal effects of the chemicals were studied on life-table parameters of the parasitoid emerging from parasitized eggs exposed to the FRC of the insecticides at larval stage and also adults exposed to LC30 of the insecticides. Longevity and progeny production were affected by the insecticides in comparison to the control. Three main life-table parameters including intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Doubling Time (DT) and net Reproduction rate (R0) were negatively affected by the sublethal treatments. The intrinsic rate of increase for control, diazinon and fipronil exposed populations at larval stage were 0.28, 0.23 and 0.12, respectively and were 0.26, 0.04 and 0.08 for populations exposed to LC30 at adult stage, respectively. The sex ratio of offspring at all insecticide treatments has led to the production of female offspring by the chemicals. These findings showed that diazinon and fipronil were harmful for T. brassicae, thus semifield and field studies are suggested for getting more applicable results for possibly using them in IPM programs.}, Keywords = {Biological control,Life-table parameters,parasitoid,Trichogramma brassicae}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1267-1278}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1298-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1298-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Moghadasi, M. and Allahyari, H. and Saboori, A. and ZahediGolpayegani, A.}, title = {Life Table and Predation Capacity of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Rose}, abstract ={The life history and predation rate were determined for all stages of female and male of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot fed on the eggs of Tetranychus urticae Koch ˗ as the preferred prey-stage ˗ on rose (cv ‘blarodje’) leaf discs under laboratory conditions at 25±1°C, 75±5% RH, and 16 L: 8 D hour photoperiod. According to the age-stage, two-sex life table model, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net Reproductive rate (R0), Gross Reproductive Rate (GRR), and mean generation Time (T) were 0.296 d-1, 1.345 d-1, 33.48 offspring, 53.87 offspring and 11.83 d, respectively. Moreover, average number of T. urticae eggs consumed by different stages/sexes of P. persimilis was calculated based on the age-stage, two-sex life table model and indicated that the consumption rates increased from nymph to adult in both sexes. Also, our results showed that females consumed prey eggs 11 times more than males. The net predation rate (C0) and transformation rate from prey population to predator offspring (Qp) were 363.54 mite eggs and 10.86, respectively. The results showed that P. persimilis can successfully survive and reproduce on T. urticae eggs on rose.}, Keywords = {Consumption rate,Intrinsic rate of increase,Life history,Predatory mite,Two-spotted spider mite}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1279-1288}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2357-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2357-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Revathi, S. and Subhashree, V.}, title = {Comparative Study of Hexavalent Chromium Induced Biochemical Changes With and Without EDTA in Sesbania grandiflora L. Pers.}, abstract ={The toxic effects of chromium in plants, animals and human beings in the environment have been widely studied. In the present study, pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of chromium on photosynthetic pigments, Nitrate Reductase (NR) activity and total amino acid, proline, total protein and leghaemoglobin content of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. The seedlings were treated with Chromium Cr (VI), concentrations ranging from 0.38-1.92 mM Kg-1 of soil with 0.35 mM Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) and without EDTA. The efficacy of EDTA in its presence and absence was compared for periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. Our results in comparison with our control indicate the inhibitory effect of chromium to S.grandiflora. From the results it has been observed that, increasing concentrations of chromium in the presence of EDTA showed a significant increase in proline and total amino acid contents, while the total chlorophyll, leghaemoglobin content and total protein content decreased and the NR activity of the plant was also affected greatly.}, Keywords = {Chromium,EDTA,Nitrate reductase,Photosynthetic pigment,Sesbania}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1289-1301}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11830-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11830-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Afshari-Behbahanizadeh, S. and Akbari, Gh. A. and Shahbazi, M. and Alahdadi, I. and Farahani, L. and Tabatabaee, S. A. and Ganji, M.}, title = {Qualitative and Physical Properties of Barley Grains under Terminal Drought Stress Conditions}, abstract ={Drought stress is the major limitation for crop yield, which depending on the time of occurrence, could decrease the number of grain as well as their weight. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the tolerant cereals that its grain components have an important role in human and animal nutrition; however, physical and biochemical properties of grains affected through drought stress are still poorly understood. In this study, barley genotypes (n= 6) with different levels of drought tolerance were studied in a 2-year field experiment under well-watered and terminal drought stress conditions. In order to measure physical properties of grains, digital images were taken and some morphological features were obtained by using Image Analysis Toolbox of MATLAB software. Biochemical properties of grains were also measured. Results proved that size, weight and also quality of the grains were significantly affected by drought stress (P< 0.01). Grain starch content decreased and protein content increased under drought stress at anthesis stage in all genotypes, but drought-sensitive genotypes interestingly had more percentage increase in protein content. Furthermore, genotypes varied in total sugar, sucrose, glucose and fructose content. Drought stress affected grain size and finally 1,000-grain weight of barley genotypes by reducing area and minor axis length of grains. Correlations between 1,000-grain weight and minor axis length, grain area, starch and sucrose content were significant (P< 0.01). These results emphasized in both conditions that size-dependent features of grain particularly minor axis length and area may be serving as useful traits for estimation of 1,000-grain weight and biochemical properties in barley.}, Keywords = {Grain size,Hordeum vulgare L,Image analysis,Protein,Starch}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1303-1317}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5978-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5978-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Askari, M. and Bayat, L. and Amini, F.}, title = {Some Responses of Inoculated Persian Clover with Rhizobium to SO2 Pollution}, abstract ={Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. High concentrations of SO2 can cause stress and limit growth in plants. Some of the plants can resist stress by bacterial symbiosis such as Rhizobium symbiosis. Rhizobium is a beneficial bacterium that enhances plant growth and yield. To study the effects of SO2 pollution on growth indexes, protein, proline and sulfur contents, 31 days old plants of Trifolium resupinatum (Persian clover), inoculated with native and standard Rhizobium were exposed to the different concentrations of SO2 (0 as control, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ppm) for 5 consecutive days. Results showed that inoculation increased leaf area, leaf number, shoot height, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight and protein content of Persian clover but didn’t show any significant effect on proline and sulfur contents. Different concentrations of SO2 had a significant effect on leaf number, shoot height, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, protein, proline and sulfur contents but didn’t have effects on leaf area. 0.5 ppm concentration of SO2 increased growth indexes and protein content. Proline and sulfur contents didn’t change in 0.5 ppm. Increasing SO2 decreased growth indexes and protein, and increased proline and sulfur contents. Interaction between Rhizobium inoculation and SO2 treatment improved the stress effects of high concentrations of SO2 on growth indexes, protein, proline and sulfur contents. It was therefore concluded that Rhizobium can increase tolerance and resistance of this plant to the abiotic stresses such as SO2 pollution.}, Keywords = {Air pollution,Persian clover,Protein,Rhizobium,Sulfur}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1319-1331}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6050-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6050-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {LoCicero, L. and Puglisi, I. and Nicolosi, E. and Gentile, A. and Ferlito, F. and Continella, A. and LoPiero, A. R.}, title = {Anthocyanin Levels and Expression Analysis of Biosynthesis-related Genes during Ripening of Sicilian and International Grape Berries Subjected to Leaf Removal and Water Deficit}, abstract ={The imposition of managed water deficit and early leaf removal are strategies used to improve the grapes quality in terms of anthocyanin content. The aim of our work was to evaluate the change in total anthocyanin levels during the ripening of the Sicilian grapes (Nero d'Avola and Frappato) and of the international variety of Cabernet Sauvignon, subjected to two different levels of water deficit, 0% (NI) and 30% (I) of estimated crop evapotranspiration, and subjected to Early Leaf Removal (ELR) or Not (NLR). The expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) and UDP-glucose-Flavonoid-Glucosyl Transferase (UFGT), was also monitored. Our results indicate that the amount of anthocyanin during the ripening process can be regulated by the application of the aforementioned agronomic practises. The anthocyanin content of Cabernet Sauvignon may be risen either by the simultaneous application of Early Leaf Removal and in water restitution regime (ELR-I) or by the association of water deficit and absence of defoliation (NLR-NI). The analysis of the total content of anthocyanin in Frappato variety has globally revealed that the maximum value in the levels of pigments is reached later than in the other autochthonous Nero d'Avola variety. This finding is of considerable interest since both the harvest time and product processing might be differentiated among varieties. Conversely, the variety Nero d'Avola was not affected by the experimental conditions and showed the highest level of pigments at fully ripe time.}, Keywords = {Anthocyanin,Early leaf removal,PAL,UFGT,Vitis vinifera,Water deficit}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1333-1344}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9364-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9364-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bal, E.}, title = {Combined Treatment of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Salicylic Acid Improves Postharvest Quality of Nectarine (Prunus persica L.) Fruit}, abstract ={The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of individual application and combination effect of salicylic acid treatments (0, 0.5, 1 mM) in both unpacked and Modified Atmosphere Packaging  (MAP) on changing biochemical compounds and extending postharvest life of nectarine. Fruits were stored at 0°C with 90% RH for 40 days. Experimental fruits were analyzed for weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, fruit firmness, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and overall quality during the storage period at 10 day intervals. The results showed that total phenolic, flavonoid concentrations and antioxidant activity fluctuated progressively until the 30 days of storage, and then decreased until the end of the experiment in all applied treatments. Salicylic acid treatment especially at 1 mM salicylic acid concentration with  MAP had a positive effect on biochemical compounds. Furthermore, the combined treatment of MAP had a clear advantage over the other treatments in reducing weight loss, retarding softening, increasing shelf life, and maintaining higher overall fruit quality. The results indicated that salicylic acid with MAP can be used as a safe alternative chemical to keep the quality and for storage of nectarine.}, Keywords = {Biochemical compounds,Postharvest,Prunus persica,Quality,Salicylic acid}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1345-1354}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5197-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5197-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {KousheshSaba, M. and Arzani, K. and Barzegar, M.}, title = {Impact of Postharvest Calcium Treatments on Storage Life, Biochemical Attributes and Chilling Injury of Apricot}, abstract ={Fruits of two apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars ‘Bagheri’ and ‘Asgarabadi’ were treated with 1 or 3% of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) or Calcium propionate (Ca pro) and stored at 1°C, 90% RH for 21 days (d). Fruits were sampled weekly and stored for 2 days at 20°C for shelf life study. Chilling Injury (CI), firmness, color, Titratable Acidity (TA), Soluble Solid Content (SSC), fruit calcium concentrations, Pectin MethylEsterase (PME) enzyme activity and pectin content were monitored during the storage period. CI was first detected in the control fruit after 7 days, and incidence and severity of CI in control fruit was higher than in calcium treated fruit after 14 days. Calcium treatments increased fruit calcium concentrations and delayed ethylene production, as well as softening and color changes. PME activity and water-insoluble pectin decreased while water-soluble pectin increased during fruit storage. Higher calcium concentrations may help to maintain fruit quality by alleviating CI incidence and inhibiting ripening in fruit stored at low temperature.}, Keywords = {Cell wall,Pectin Methyl Esterase (PME),Postharvest,Storage disorder}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1355-1366}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4195-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4195-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Garcia-Sanchez, F. and Simon-Grao, S. and Gimeno, V. and Galvez-Sola, L. and Lidon, Vicente and Simon, I. and Hernandez, F. and Martinez-Nicolas, J. and Carbonell-Barrachina, A.}, title = {Phytochemical Properties and Volatile Composition Profile of Nine Early Maturing Mandarins Cultivated in South-East Spain}, abstract ={Many new varieties of mandarins have not been characterized from the nutritional and organoleptic point of view. It is important to know this information in order to select the cultivars of the highest quality. We characterized the physicochemical properties of 9 commercial early-maturing mandarins from south-east Spain: Four "Traditional Clementines" (Clemenules, Orogrande, Arrufatina, Oronules), 4 "New Clementines" (Loretina, Mioro, Clemenpons and Clemenrubí or Prim-23) and one "Satsuma" (Iwasaqui). ‘Oronules’, ‘Clemenules’ and ‘Iwasaki’ were the varieties that had the highest fresh weight (>120 g). The “Mioro” variety had the highest acidity (12.50 g L-1), and the juices from “Loretina” and “Mioro” showed the highest values of total soluble solids: 12.77 and 12.57 (ºBrix), respectively. “Loretina” and “Oronules” showed the most elevated values of total phenolic compounds, with 78.75 and 75.56 mg L-1 respectively. The main volatile compound was the monoterpene limonene. Following limonene in concentration was b-myrcene (25 μg L-1). “Clemenrubí” was the best variety for fresh consumption among the 9 examined, due to its high content of total phenols and ascorbic acid. Limonene was the main aroma of the mandarin juice, and the “Mioro” cultivar showed a different profile from the rest of cultivars studied according to the principal component analysis performed.}, Keywords = {Citrus,Clementines,Physicochemical properties,Satsumas}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1367-1380}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6643-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6643-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Yu, J. and Yu, Z. H. and Fan, G. Q. and Wang, G. H. and Liu, X. B.}, title = {Isolation and Characterization of Indole Acetic Acid Producing Root Endophytic Bacteria and Their Potential for Promoting Crop Growth}, abstract ={Endophytic bacteria colonize in plant tissues and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to examine the population of root endophytic bacteria in soybean and corn, and to identify IAA-producing endophytic bacterial strains and their growth promoting effect. The density of endophytic bacteria varied irrespective of crops, sampling times and soil amendments. A total of 119 and 277 bacterial isolates were isolated from soybean and corn roots, respectively. 39.6% of the total isolates showed IAA production in the range of 1~23 μg mL-1 in culture medium supplemented with tryptophan. Fourteen isolates, designated as S1-S4 from soybean roots and C1-C10 from corn roots, had the capacity of producing IAA over 10 mg L-1. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the fourteen isolates were closely related to Psychrobacillus, Microbacterium, Lysinibacillus and Bacillus. Pot experiment indicated that the growth-promoting effects varied among these 14 bacterial strains and not all of the strains were able to promote growth of the tested soybean and wheat plants. Strains Microbacterium sp. C4 and Lysinibacillus sp. C7 showed better performances in promoting soybean and wheat seedling growth.}, Keywords = {Endophytic bacteria,Enhancement,IAA,Root,Plant growth}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1381-1391}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9488-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9488-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Amini, F. and Mirlohi, A. and Majidi, M. M.}, title = {The Possibility of Use of AFLP Molecular Markers and Phenotypic Traits to Increase Forage Yield in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) Breeding}, abstract ={Tall fescue is an out-crossing allohexaploid grass species extensively used for forage and turf worldwide. Cultivars of outbreeding forage grasses such as tall fescue are usually synthetic populations derived from intercrossing several selected parents using the polycross method. In this study, the application of AFLP molecular markers to optimize genetic diversity in a polycross breeding program of tall fescue was evaluated. For both phenotypic characters and AFLP molecular markers, two polycrosses of six parental plants with contrasting levels of genetic diversity were composed. A fifth polycross population was composed using six genotypes with the highest general combining ability. The results of this study showed that marker assistant parental selection produced superior progenies, indicating that selection based on molecular marker diversity may be an appropriate means to improve first generation progenies of tall fescue. This may be mainly useful in large breeding programs because the identification of diversity based on phenotypic traits is time consuming and may be influenced by environmental effects.}, Keywords = {AFLP,Phenotypic traits,Polycross,Tall fescue}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1393-1406}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2238-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2238-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ansari, A. and Sikarwar, P. and Lade, S. and Yadav, H. and Ranade, Sh.}, title = {Genetic Diversity Clusters in Germplasm of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., Taub), an Important Food and an Industrial Legume Crop}, abstract ={ Genetic diversity in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.; Fabaceae) genotypes was studied using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to derive conclusions about diversity analysis in groups of accessions of a germplasm. The two methods, individually as well as cumulatively revealed the range of diversity in profiles among 104 genotypes collected from different geographical regions of India. A simulated clustering of the collected plant genotypes was divided into defined affinity groups using Structure program and the cluster analysis of molecular markers data revealed six broad sub-clusters. These results were validated with a Principal Coordinate analysis. The combined data was more informative than either of the individual method data. The diversity range was found to be wide and the presence of six broad clusters suggests the existence of many genetic lineages that can constitute useful starting points for the use of germplasm diversity in the selection and improvement of the cluster bean crop.}, Keywords = {Diversity,ISSR,NJ,PCA,RAPD}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1407-1418}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5672-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5672-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Darvishzadeh, R.}, title = {Genetic Variability, Structure Analysis, and Association Mapping of Resistance to Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) in Tobacco}, abstract ={Broomrape is a debilitating holoparasiting weed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields with devastating effects on its production. In this study, the reaction of 89 tobacco genotypes was evaluated against broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in randomized complete block design with three replications during two years. In each year, genotypes were planted in both non-inoculated and inoculated conditions where the soil of pots was mixed with 0.06 g of broomrape seed. Considering the average data of two years, studied genotypes did not show infection to broomrape at non-inoculated condition, whereas in inoculated condition, the majority of genotypes showed infection to broomrape. Two genotypes including ‘TB 22’ and ‘Kramograd NHH 659’ did not show any infection to broomrape in inoculated condition. In a molecular experiment, the fingerprint of tobacco genotypes was prepared with 26 SSR loci. Using model-based Bayesian approach, the studied association panel was divided into three subgroups. The D¢ was used to test the LD between pairs of SSR loci using the software package TASSEL. 7.08% of possible SSR locus pairs showed significant level of linkage disequilibrium (P<0.01). By using mixed linear model, 5 SSR loci from linkage groups 2, 10, 11 and 18 of tobacco reference map were identified as DNA markers to be linked to gene(s) controlling broomrape resistance in tobacco.}, Keywords = {Association analysis,Broomrape,Linkage disequilibrium,Tobacco}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1419-1429}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-516-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-516-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Banihashemian, S. N. and BaniHashemian, S. M. and Ashkan, S. M.}, title = {Determination of the Dominant Variants of Hop Stunt Viroid in Two Different Cachexia Isolates from North and South of Iran}, abstract ={Citrus plants are hosts of several viroid species, among which, pathogenic variants of Hop Stunt Viroid (HSVd) induce citrus cachexia disease. Stunting, chlorosis, gumming of the bark, stem pitting and decline are symptoms of cachexia in mandarins and their hybrids as susceptible hosts. Based on the pathogenic properties on citrus, HSVd variants are divided in two distinct groups: those that are symptomless on sensitive citrus host species and those that induce cachexia disease. In this study, two cachexia isolates were selected and biological indexing was performed in a controlled temperature greenhouse (40ºC day and 28ºC night) using Etrog citron (Citrus medica) grafted on Rough lemon (C. jhambiri), as a common indicator for citrus viroids. The plants were inoculated with the inocula from a severe symptomatic tree of a newly declining orchard of Jiroft, Kerman province and a mild symptomatic tree from Mazandaran province. Presence of HSVd was confirmed with sPAGE, Hybridization by DIG-labeled probes and RT-PCR using specific primers of HSVd. Primary and secondary structures of the isolates were studied. The consensus sequence of RT-PCR amplicons of the severe isolate (JX430796) presented 97% identity with the reference sequence of a IIb variant of HSVd (AF213501) and an Iranian isolate of the viroid (GQ923783) deposited in the gene bank. The mild isolate (JX430798) presented 100% homology with the HSVd-IIc variant previously reported from Iran (GQ923784). Both isolates were shown to be cachexia inducing according to their sizes, sequences and lack of “non-cachexia expression motif” structures.}, Keywords = {Biological indexing,Cachexia,Citrus,HSVd,Viroid}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1431-1440}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1343-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1343-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bakhshi, M. and Pourtahery, M. and RoknadinEftekhari, A.}, title = {Developing a Model to Predict Success of Agricultural Production Enterprises Based on Their Capitals}, abstract ={This study aimed to develop a recognition model in order to classify success of agricultural enterprises. To this end, the study investigated the relationship between capitals owned by the enterprise and the success level by using "Neural Network" model. This study was conducted during 2013-2014 in Zanjan County, Islamic Republic of Iran. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire and holding interviews with 92 enterprise owners, out of 125, involved in producing agrifood. According to the results of data analysis, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network with Backpropagation algorithm was the appropriate algorithm to cope with the whole scope of the study. Empirical analysis by SPSS indicated that the Multilayer Perceptron consisting of one hidden layer with 6 nodes was an appropriate architecture. Classification Accuracy Rate (CAR) and "Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)" curve were used to assess the model. Based on CAR of holdout data, the model was able to classify 86.4% of the samples correctly. Also, the study intended to reveal the relative importance of explanatory factors on enterprise success. Results indicated that human and social capitals were the more influential factors, followed by economic and environmental capitals. Therefore, to promote agricultural enterprises, policy makers and managers need to improve software and hardware assets, simultaneously.}, Keywords = {Classification,Neural Network,Perceptron,Pattern}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1443-1454}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-989-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-989-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mahmoodi, A. and Shabanzadeh-Khoshrody, M. and Khajooeipour, A. and Tarighi, S.}, title = {Examining the Factors Affecting Iranian Government Support of Agricultural Products Market}, abstract ={As one of the oldest sectors of economy, agriculture has had an important role in the supply of food for people and raw materials .In this study, the factors affecting the Iranian government support of agricultural products market has been investigated for the period of 1989-2011. In this regard, using the theory of efficient redistribution and panel data of 12 selected agricultural products including wheat, barley, rice, cotton, pistachio, apples, dates, beets, eggs, milk, red and poultry meat, the rationale for government intervention in the agricultural sector has been modeled in the Panel Tobit model framework and is then estimated. The results of this study indicated that the elasticity of supply and demand, the share of total exports of agricultural goods, the real income of farmers, number of farmers, the share of total agricultural output, and concentration of production are the factors that are directly related to the amount of agriculture support, such that, with the increase in each of these variables, the amount of government support has increased. However, the results showed no significant relation between the import variables (the products which have similar domestic production) and also the number of agricultural cooperatives and organizations with the level of government support.}, Keywords = {Agricultural support policies,Efficient redistribution,Panel Tobit model}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1455-1465}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5911-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5911-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khanzadeh, H. and GhaviHossein-Zadeh, N.}, title = {Estimating Daughter Yield Deviation and Validation of Genetic Trend for Somatic Cell Score in Holstein Cattle Using Random Regression Test Day Model}, abstract ={The objective of this study was to estimate Daughter Yield Deviations (DYDs) of bulls and Yield Deviations (YDs) for cows using a random regression model and validation of genetic trend using estimated DYDs and Method II of Interbull for test-day records of Somatic Cell Score (SCS) in the first lactation of Iranian Holsteins. Data set included the 108995 test day records collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 2001 to 2010. Results of the present study indicated that variation in YDs of cows at different stages of lactation corresponds closely with their Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs). Because YDs and DYDs are considered as an additional measure of an animal’s genetic merit, their correlation with EBVs is very important. The correlation between DYDs and EBVs of bulls for SCS was 0.88. High correlation estimates between DYDs and EBVs indicated that, in addition to EBV, the DYD can be an appropriate measure for dairy cattle breeding programs. The correlation increased with increase in the number of bull daughters and the average number of test-days of daughters. Estimated DYDs for each production year were used to validate the genetic trend obtained from the model which was used for genetic evaluation. Results indicated that genetic trend for SCS in the first lactation of Iranian Holsteins was slightly overestimated.}, Keywords = {Dairy cow,Estimated breeding value,Genetic progress,Mastitis,Validation of genetic trend}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1467-1474}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7235-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7235-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, H. and Ansari-Pirsaraei, Z.}, title = {Ovary and Liver IGF-I, IGF-IR and IGFBP-II Gene Expressions and Reproduction Performance of Old Laying Hens Injected with Growth Hormone and Testosterone}, abstract ={This study investigated how exogenous hormones change ovary and liver IGF-I, IGF-IR and IGFBP-II gene expression and egg production performance of 160 laying hens (HyLine W-36), at 73rd week of age when subcutaneously injected with different doses of Growth Hormone (GH) and Testosterone (Ts) as follows: Treatment 1 (Tr 1): 100 µL distilled water (control group); Treatment 2 (Tr 2): Ts 500 µg kg-1+GH 50 µg kg-1 live weight; Treatment 3 (Tr 3): Ts 500 µg kg-1+GH 100 µg kg-1 live weight, and Treatment 4 (Tr 4): Ts 500 µg kg-1+GH 150 µg kg-1 live weight. The birds were randomly assigned to the four experimental groups with four replicates of 10 birds each, in a completely randomized design. Fifth-largest-yellow follicle (F5) and liver samples were taken just 8 hours after hormone injection. Production performance was measured during fourth and fifth weeks after hormone injection. Increase in liver IGF-I mRNA in Tr4 was significantly higher than that in Tr 3 and the control group. The liver IGF-IR gene expressions in all hormone-injected hens were significantly higher than that in the control group. The liver IGFBP-II mRNAs were significantly higher in Tr 2 and 4 compared with the control group and Tr 3. The expressions of IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNAs in F5 wall of the layers in the control group, Tr 2 and 3, and F5 IGFBP-II mRNA in Tr 3 were significantly increased compared to the other groups. Ovulation rate in Tr 3 was significantly higher than other groups. Besides, egg mass of Tr 2 and 3 was significantly more than the control group. Feed intake of Tr 3 significantly differed from the other groups. Treatment 4 had significantly higher feed conversion ratio compared with Tr 2. In conclusion, the results show the positive effects of the exogenous Ts and GH through IGF system on reproduction performance in old laying hen.}, Keywords = {Growth factors,Egg production,Hormone injection,Insulin-like Physiologically manipulated spent laying hen}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1475-1487}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3127-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3127-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Karazhiyan, H. and MehrabanSangatash, M. and Karazhyan, R. and Mehrzad, A. and Haghighi, E.}, title = {Ability of Different Treatments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Surface Bind Aflatoxin M1 in Yoghurt}, abstract ={Microbial detoxification is considered as one of the most common methods used for the elimination of aflatoxins. Reports indicate that S. cerevisiae can be effective in removing aflatoxins through the adsorption of aflatoxins to their cell wall. In the current research, the ability of S. cerevisiae (viable, acid-, heat- and ultrasound-treated yeasts) to bind aflatoxin M1 was assessed in yoghurt. To this end, firstly, recombinant milk containing 12% solids, non-fat skimmed milk powder was prepared. Next, the samples were spiked by aflatoxin M1 using different concentrations (100, 500 and 750 pg mL-1). When the starter bacteria were added to the milk, the treated yeasts were added as well. The concentration of aflatoxin M1 residue in the supernatant of the yoghurt samples after different storage times (1, 7, 14 and 21 days) was measured using the ELISA method. The results showed that all treatments containing viable, acid-, heat-, ultrasound-treated yeast and starter bacteria were able to adsorb aflatoxin M1, and the ability of the treated yeast was significant as compared with the control (P< 0.05). Among the treated yeasts, the ability of the acid-treated yeasts was higher in toxin binding. Overall, it can be concluded that using S. cerevisiae for the biological adsorption of aflatoxin M1 is effective in fermented dairy products.}, Keywords = {Biological adsorption,Cell wall,Fermentation,Mannan,Yeast}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1489-1498}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10370-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10370-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kchaou, M. and BenSalah, H. and Mnafgui, K. and Abdennabi, R. and Gharsallah, N. and Elfeki, A. and Damak, M. and Allouche, N.}, title = {Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Zygophyllum album (L.) Essential Oil from Tunisia}, abstract ={Regarding hemodialysis patients’ limitations in consuming different foods, providing them with a product with health-promoting effects is important. The objective of this study was to develop a functional food from whey protein for this disease condition and assess its sensory, chemical, and nutritional characteristics. Fermented and unfermented beverages were prepared as a mixture of whey protein concentrate (8.5%), permeate (1.4 % for fermented), mint flavor (0.01%), vitamin E (0.18%), and water. Ty17A starter was used for the fermented blend. After pasteurization, and homogenization, the blends were stored until the sensory, chemical, and nutritional evaluations were done. Data were analyzed by SPSS Software (version 16). The pH values of the fermented and unfermented beverages were 3.8 and 6.02, respectively. The medians of all sensory attributes were greater than 4 for the fermented and less than 3 for the unfermented beverages (except color). All sensory attributes other than the color were significantly different between beverages (P< 0.05). The overall acceptability of the unfermented beverage was less. No significant nutritional differences were seen between beverages. Some of the nutrients values in the beverages are desirable for hemodialysis patients (Protein: 7.9-8 g 100 g-1, Fat: 0.4%, Trans fatty acids: 2%, Saturated fatty acids: 56.15% Phosphorus: 9.25-9.35 mg 100 g-1, Potassium: 0.0295 %, Sodium: 62.5 mg 100 g-1, and vitamin E: 400 mg 220 mL-1). The microbial counts of both were safe. Vitamin E fortified fermented whey beverage might be a good recommendation for hemodialysis patients because of its protein quality, low fat, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium and high vitamin E contents.}, Keywords = {Fermentation,Functional food,Nutritional value,Sensory attributes,Whey protein concentrate}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1499-1510}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8648-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8648-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sohrabi, Z. and Eftekhari, M. H. and Eskandari, M. H. and Rezaeianzadeh, A. and Sagheb, M. M.}, title = {Development and Characterization of Fermented and Unfermented Whey Beverages Fortified with Vitamin E}, abstract ={Regarding hemodialysis patients’ limitations in consuming different foods, providing them with a product with health-promoting effects is important. The objective of this study was to develop a functional food from whey protein for this disease condition and assess its sensory, chemical, and nutritional characteristics. Fermented and unfermented beverages were prepared as a mixture of whey protein concentrate (8.5%), permeate (1.4 % for fermented), mint flavor (0.01%), vitamin E (0.18%), and water. Ty17A starter was used for the fermented blend. After pasteurization, and homogenization, the blends were stored until the sensory, chemical, and nutritional evaluations were done. Data were analyzed by SPSS Software (version 16). The pH values of the fermented and unfermented beverages were 3.8 and 6.02, respectively. The medians of all sensory attributes were greater than 4 for the fermented and less than 3 for the unfermented beverages (except color). All sensory attributes other than the color were significantly different between beverages (P< 0.05). The overall acceptability of the unfermented beverage was less. No significant nutritional differences were seen between beverages. Some of the nutrients values in the beverages are desirable for hemodialysis patients (Protein: 7.9-8 g 100 g-1, Fat: 0.4%, Trans fatty acids: 2%, Saturated fatty acids: 56.15% Phosphorus: 9.25-9.35 mg 100 g-1, Potassium: 0.0295 %, Sodium: 62.5 mg 100 g-1, and vitamin E: 400 mg 220 mL-1). The microbial counts of both were safe. Vitamin E fortified fermented whey beverage might be a good recommendation for hemodialysis patients because of its protein quality, low fat, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium and high vitamin E contents.}, Keywords = {Fermentation,Functional food,Nutritional value,Sensory attributes,Whey protein concentrate}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1511-1512}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1338-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1338-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Davarpanah, Z. and Keramat, J. and Hamdami, N. and Shahedi, M. and Behzad, T.}, title = {Dispersion of Silicate Layers in Zein/Montmorillonite Composite Films Using Two Sonication Methods}, abstract ={This study aimed to prepare zein/Montmorillonite (MMT) composite films by two methods: (1) An ultrasonic bath, and (2) A high power ultrasonic probe. Then, the structural, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the obtained composites were evaluated. According to the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns, the composite films prepared by the first and second methods had microcomposite and exfoliated structures, respectively. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the clay dispersion method and Montmorillonite (MMT) content significantly affected the mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of the composite films. The results showed that mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the nanocomposites were improved in the presence of small amounts (up to 3%) of MMT, while increased montmorillonite percentage in the microcomposite films weakened the mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of these films. Therefore, the use of high power sonication is a suitable method for producing protein-based nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure.}, Keywords = {Barrier properties,Microcomposite,Nanocomposite,Ultrasonic bath,Ultrasonic. Probe}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1523-1530}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7193-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7193-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {BorjianBorojeni, M. and Goli, A. and Gharachourloo, M.}, title = {Effect of Roasted Sesame Oil on Qualitative Properties of Frying Oil during Deep-Fat Frying}, abstract ={In this study, sesame seed was firstly roasted at 216.8°C for 19.3 minutes and its oil was then extracted. Commercial Frying Oil (CFO) was blended by 10, 20, and 30% Roasted Sesame Oil (RSO) and used in deep-fat frying to prepare potato chips. The process was performed daily at 180oC for 1 hour, in five consecutive days. Frying performance of the oils was evaluated by the measurement of parameters such as peroxide value, Oxidative Stability Index (OSI), Total Polar Compounds (TPC) and fatty acids profile. The results showed that roasting had a great positive influence on phenolic compounds content (21 times) and oxidative stability (3.6 times) of sesame oil. During frying, the level of TPC increased significantly as an increasing rate of 27, 22, 21, 23.2, and 29% was obtained for RSO-10%, RSO-20%, RSO-30%, CFO-Tert-ButylHydroQuinone (TBHQ), and CFO, respectively. The OSI significantly decreased and, in the fifth day of frying, CFO-TBHQ had the highest OSI of 10.6 hours followed by RSO-30% (8 hours). By increment in RSO concentration, the antioxidant capacity of frying oils was elevated, although commercial frying oil containing TBHQ exhibited higher activity than RSO-30%.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant,OSI,phenolic compounds,Polar compounds,Tert-butylhydroquinone}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1531-1542}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6445-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6445-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Safary, M. and AmiriChayjan, R.}, title = {Optimization of Almond Kernels Drying under Infrared-vacuum Condition with Microwave Pretreatment using Response Surface Method and Genetic Algorithm}, abstract ={The aim of this study was optimization of almond kernels drying with infrared-vacuum dryer and microwave pretreatment using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The almond kernels were dried as thin layer with air temperatures of 30, 45 and 75°C vacuum pressures of 20, 40 and 60 kPa and microwave powers of 270, 450, and 630W. Design expert software was used to generate the experimental designs, statistical analysis, and regression models. The results showed that the optimum point for drying of almond kernels under infrared-vacuum dryer and microwave pretreatment with RSM method and considering the minimum value of shrinkage, energy consumption, and total color change as well as the maximum value of effective moisture diffusivity can be achieved at air temperature of 45°C, vacuum pressure of 34.04 kPa, and microwave power of 270W with 68% desirability and optimum point with GA method can be obtained at air temperature of 45°C, vacuum pressure of 34.05 kPa and microwave power of 270W.}, Keywords = {Amygdales Communist L,Color change,energy consumption,Moisture diffusivity,Shrinkage}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1543-1556}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4857-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4857-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fazaeli, M. and Emam-djomeh, Z. and Yarmand, M. S.}, title = {Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for Production of Ice Cream Mix Powder Flavored With Black Mulberry Juice}, abstract ={The aim of this work was to optimize the spray drying conditions for the production of ice cream mix powder. A lab-scale spray dryer was employed for the spray drying process, the mix of salep and k-carrageenan was used as stabilizer and black mulberry juice added to ice creams as a natural flavor. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed to examine the influence of inlet air temperature (120, 140, and 160°C), feed flow rate (5, 10, and 15%) and black mulberry concentration (15, 30, and 45%) on drying yield and total anthocyanin content of powders, overrun and melting rate of ice creams prepared from the reconstituted powders. Scanning electron microscope was used for monitoring the structure of the powders. The following optimum process conditions were determined: inlet air temperature of 138 °C, feed flow rate of 8% and juice concentration of 35%. These parameters led to the process yield, total anthocyanin content, overrun and melting rate of 76.14%, 54.11 mg L-1, 74.50%, and 1.52 g min-1, respectively.}, Keywords = {Natural flavor,Salep,SEM,response surface methodology}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1557-1570}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7347-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7347-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kangrang, A. and Jiwlong, W.}, title = {Fuzzy-GA Approach for Estimating Rainfall over Upper Chi-Mun Basins of Thailand}, abstract ={The present study examines the fuzzy sets model for computing rainfall over the Upper Chi-Mun basins in the Northeastern region of Thailand based on historical weather data from five stations’ rain gauges under the radar umbrella, temperature, relative humidity, and radar reflectivity. Data were collected during June 2009 to August 2009 of the rainfall reflectivity record from the Royal Rainmaking Research Centre at Pimai, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, and for the surface rainfall, automatic rain gauges were used. The results showed that the Fuzzy-GAs model could be used effectively to estimate rainfall given only three parameters: temperature, relative humidity and radar reflectivity. Furthermore, the results show that the genetic algorithm calibration provided the optimal conditions of the membership function. The simulation results indicated that the results of the Fuzzy-GA model were close to the observed rainfall data more than the results of a multiple linear regression model for both calibration and validation processes. Consequently, we are confident that a Fuzzy-GA model is a useful tool for estimating rainfall.}, Keywords = {Fuzzy set,Genetic Algorithm,Optimization technique,Radar reflectivity}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1571-1581}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3998-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3998-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Abdelsalam, S. A. and Awad, A.. M. A. and Abdelrahman, M. A. A. and Nasser, M. A. K. and Abdelhamied, N. M. R.}, title = {Antioxidant Defense Response of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae against Secondary Metabolites of the Host Plants Cumin, Anise, and Coriander}, abstract ={The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae is a polyphagous herbivore, attacking apiaceae plants which are rich in defensive secondary metabolites. Thus, M. persicae owns a protective antioxidative response to overcome the host defense. The aim of the present study was to investigate the adaptive antioxidative response of M. persicae against the secondary metabolites of cumin, anise, and coriander. The dietary antioxidants, ascorbic acid and glutathione and enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase within tissues of M. persicae were measured every two weeks during the infestation season. The obtained results show that Anise could be a good recommended host in the beginning of the infestation season because it confers escalading levels of ascorbic acid. Coriander and cumin could be a second choice. The variable levels of enzymatic antioxidants during the season indicate the adaptive responses of M. persicae against the plant defensive secondary metabolites.}, Keywords = {Adaptive responses,Apiaceae,Enzymatic antioxidants,Herbivorous pests}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1583-1592}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4968-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4968-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mokhtar, A. M. and AlNabhani, S. S.}, title = {Distribution of Virachola livia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Eggs and Influence of Conspecific Aggregation and Avoidance Behavior}, abstract ={The oviposition behaviour and distribution of the eggs of carpophagous Virachola livia Klug (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) was studied on pomegranate for six years. Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s mean patchiness regression, and common k proved the aggregated distribution of the eggs on pomegranate fruits. The butterflies tend to oviposit one egg per fruit, indicating the existence of conspecific egg avoidance behaviour. The study showed that the selection of oviposition sites was affected by the part of the fruit body and the cardinal direction of the tree canopy. Results suggest that the oviposition behavior of V. livia and, consequently, the distribution of the eggs may be regulated by the conspecific aggregation and conspecific egg avoidance. It is apparent that the butterfly integrates these two behaviors to maximize the success of its reproduction.}, Keywords = {Conspecific egg avoidance,Pomegranate,Oviposition site,Oman}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1593-1604}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11733-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11733-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, A. and Fathipour, Y. and Askari-Seyahooei, M. and Zeinolabedini, M.}, title = {How Different Populations and Host Plant Cultivars Affect Two-Sex Life Table Parameters of the Date Palm Hopper, Ommatissus lybicus (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae)}, abstract ={Worldwide distribution of the Date Palm Hopper (DPH), Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin along with intensive regional chemical and cultural practices to control this pest provide a basis for development of high genetic divergence. This genetic divergence can result in demographically distinct populations. In this study, the demographic parameters of three genetically diverged Iranian populations of DPH (Bam, Jiroft, and Tezerj) were determined on two date palm cultivars (Berhi and Khunizi). The age-stage, two-sex life table theory was used to unveil biological differences among these populations. All experiments were carried out in a laboratory at 27±2˚C, 65±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L: D) hour. The results revealed significant differences in life history traits and growth parameters of different populations. The shortest development time was observed in the Bam population (75.86 and 85.03 days on Berhi and Khunizi, respectively). The highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were detected in Bam population (0.0377 and 1.0433 per day on Berhi as well as 0.0284 and 1.0288 per day on Khunizi, respectively). Based on these results, we can consider Bam as an aggressive population with higher infestation rate compared with the other populations due to its higher r and λ values as well as shorter mean generation time on both host cultivars. The significant differences in life history traits and variation in population growth parameters may suggest the presence of cryptic species among these populations. It can stem from the high genetic divergence among DPH populations which may be orchestrated by mismanagement of the pest.}, Keywords = {Berhi date,Demographic parameters,Dubas bug,Khunizi date,Insect population growth}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1605-1619}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10007-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10007-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sayar, M. S. and Han, Y.}, title = {Forage Yield Performance of Forage Pea (Pisum sativum spp. arvense L.) Genotypes and Assessments Using GGE Biplot Analysis}, abstract ={This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of forage pea (Pisum sativum spp. arvense L.) genotypes, in terms of fresh forage yield and associated traits, when grown on the Kiziltepe Plain, Mardin, Turkey. Field trials were performed during the 2007-08 and 2009-2010 growing seasons. The experiments were arranged according to randomized block design with three replications. The following trait ranges were reported: Days to 50% flowering: 147.5-162.5 days, Natural plant height and Main Stem Height: 45.58-72.75 cm, Main stem height: 52.52-100.42 cm, Main stem numbers per plant: 1.275-1.658 stems plant-1, Main stem thickness: 2.913-3.703 mm, Fresh forage yield: 10.43-23.83 t ha-1 and Dry matter yield: 2.525-5.891 t ha-1. GGE (i.e., G+GE) biplot analysis showed that the two growing seasons were markedly different,stemming exclusively from differences in rainfall amounts between the two growing seasons. Results of this study showed that the lines 88P00-1-4-9-661 (1) and P101 (6), and cultivar Kirazli (9) were superior in terms of fresh forage yield, dry matter yield, natural plant height and days to 50% flowering traits. At the same time, PC2 scores of these genotypes were found near to zero, so, they were identified as stable genotypes for the investigated traits. In conclusion, in terms of forage yield, these three forage pea genotypes are recommended for the Kiziltepe Plain growing conditions. }, Keywords = {Biplot analysis,Dry matter yield,Forage yield components,Genotype×year interaction,Kiziltepe Plain}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1621-1634}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7105-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7105-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Miranshahi, B. and Sayyari, M.}, title = {Methyl Jasmonate Mitigates Drought Stress Injuries and Affects Essential Oil of Summer Savory}, abstract ={Drought stress reduces growth and productivity of crops in arid and semiarid regions, such as Iran. Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) is involved in regulating plants growth and their immune responses. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of MeJA on growth and some physiological responses of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) plant under drought stress condition. Treatments consisted of three levels of drought stress including stress free conditions, mild stress and severe stress, and four concentrations of MeJA (0, 75, 150, and 225 μM). The results showed that drought stress and MeJA application had a significant effect on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. In drought conditions, some growth parameters, namely, relative water content and essential oil yield decreased and antioxidant activity, proline content, and essential oil percentage increased. The results suggest that MeJA application under drought stress can improve growth parameters as well as relative water content, proline content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil percentage and yield. The best protection appeared to be obtained from plants treated with MeJA at 75 μM.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant activity,Growth parameters,Proline content,Relative water content}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1635-1645}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6851-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6851-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ozkan, Y. and Yildiz, K. and Kucuker, E. and Cekic, C. and Ozgen, M. and Akca, Y.}, title = {Performance of ‘Fuji’ Apple on M.9 Rootstock in Different Tree Training Systems for the First Five Years}, abstract ={The effects of five training systems on tree growth, yield, and some fruit characteristics were assessed for ‘Fuji’ apple grafted on M.9 rootstock for the first five years in Tokat, Turkey. The trees were trained in one of five ways: Slender Spindle (SS, 4762 trees ha-1), Vertical Axis (VA, 2857 trees ha-1), HyTec (HT, 1904 trees ha-1) and two different tree densities of super spindle (L-Sup S with 5,000 trees ha-1; H-Sup S with 10.000 trees ha-1). Trunk Cross-sectional Area (TCA), canopy diameter and canopy volume were higher in low tree density systems (HT and VA) than in high tree density systems (SS, L-Sup S and H-Sup S). Annual and cumulative yields per tree over the first cropping years were higher in VA and HT than in SS, L-Sup S or H-Sup S. Yield per unit area was the highest in H-Sup S in every year due to the higher number of trees per hectare. Yield efficiency (yield cm-2 TCA) was higher in VA and HT than in SS, L Sup S or H-Sup S in every year. HT produced the largest fruit among the training systems in every year. VA had the second largest fruit in 2008, 2010, and 2011.}, Keywords = {HyTec,Fruit weight,Super spindle,Vertical axis,Yield}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1647-1653}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1822-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1822-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Voca, N. and Bilandzija, N. and Jurisic, V. and Matin, A. and Kricka, T. and Sedak, I.}, title = {Proximate, Ultimate, and Energy Values Analysis of Plum Biomass By-products Case Study: Croatia\'s Potential}, abstract ={In many European countries, residues from agricultural products represent a considerable potential for development of bio-energy industry. A significant part of these biomass materials come from the fruit-growing business, i.e., primary fruit production and fruit processing plants. The EU directives require that the disposal of such residues should be environmentally sustainable. The objective of this study was to determine proximate (moisture content, ash, fixed carbon, volatile matter), ultimate (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur) and energy values (higher, lower) of biomass, as well as the Croatian total energy potential generated after the pruning (pruned residues) and processing of plum fruit (stone). Five different plum varieties (Bistrica, Cacanska ljepotica, Cacanska rodna, President, and Stanley), most commonly grown in the territory of Croatia, were analyzed and compared. The analyzed data were compared with the norm CEN/TS 14961 (2005) for solid biofuels and the data from the relevant literature. Both types of investigated biomass proved to be highly valuable sources of energy; and no significant difference between investigated plum varieties were found. Lower heating value, as one of the fundamental parameters of the biomass energy efficiency, averaged in the studied samples: 15.2 MJ kg-1 for plum pits and 17.12 MJ kg-1 for pruned biomass, which classifies plum biomass as a valuable energy raw material. Also, the calculations show that the potential production of the biomass available in Croatia could reach up to 292.13 MJ of renewable "green" energy annually.}, Keywords = {Agricultural residues,Biofuels,Pruned residues,Renewable green energy}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1655-1666}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11653-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11653-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tombesi, S. and Farinelli, D.}, title = {Trunk Constriction Effects on Vegetative Vigour and Yield Efficiency in Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.)}, abstract ={Tree vigour is one of the most important issues in super-high density olive orchards (~1,600 tree ha-1). Tree vigour could be limited by horticultural practices such as pruning and fertilization but such practices have a limited effect and increase growing costs. The aim of this work was to test a new technique based on the application of a constriction to the trunk in order to obstruct the flow of sap in xylem and phloem. To this end, on 5 cultivars trained in a super-high density olive orchard in Central Italy, constrictions were applied by a plastic strap in 2009 and 2010, and were removed at the end of the following year. At the end of the experiment, constricted trees had smaller vegetative growth than the control trees. During the first experiment (2009), in the constriction year, yield efficiency was higher in constricted trees. In the second year, low vigour cultivars (‘Arbequina’, ‘Maurino’ and ‘Moraiolo’) had a consistent reduction of yield, while vigorous cultivars (‘Leccino’ and ‘Frantoio’) had similar yield but a slightly increased yield efficiency. No effect was detected in fruit characteristics, but the oil phenol content was higher in the constricted trees. In the second year experiment (2010), similar results were obtained, but yield efficiency increase and vegetative growth reduction were lighter because the trees were one year older than those of 2009 experiment. Trunk constriction was a successful technique for reducing tree vigour and enhancing tree yield efficiency, especially in vigorous cultivars. }, Keywords = {Arbequina,Hedgerow,Productivity,Wiring}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1667-1680}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11681-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11681-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sabir, A.}, title = {Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Responses of Grapevine cv. \'Italia\' (Vitis vinifera L.) Grafted on Different Rootstocks to Contrasting Soil Water Status}, abstract ={Plant growth and reproductivity of grape cv. 'Italia' subjected to two different irrigation levels in controlled glasshouse were investigated over 2 years. Initially, two years old vines were grafted on 5 BB (V. berlandieri Planch.×V. riparia Michx.), 99 R (V. berlandieri Planch.×V. rupestris Scheele) rootstocks or on its own root system in 40 L pots. During the cultivation, half of the vines of each experimental group were Fully Irrigated (FI: 100% of field capacity) while the others were subjected to continuous Deficit Irrigation (DI: 40% of field capacity). During the study, significant negative effects of DI on plant vegetative development and physiology were observed. The lignified shoot length of vine on 5 BB rootstock decreased by 29.1% under DI as compared to growth under FI. On the other hand, the vine with 99 R rootstock decreased by 18.2% under DI as compared to lignified shoot growth under FI, while a 20.1% decrease occurred for own root (DI vs. FI). Also, DI regime resulted in slight decreases in P, K, and Ca status of leaves, while Zn and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the vines subjected to DI. DI resulted in reduced cluster weight and vine yield in varying degrees with respect to rootstock usage. Under DI condition, the vines on 99 R yielded better than those on 5 BB, but vines on on 5 BB reacted adversely to DI. Considering the overall findings, grapevines cv. 'Italia' on 99 R exhibited higher drought tolerance than 5 BB. Rootstocks had slight impairing effects on physiological traits, yield, and mineral acquisition of grapevine cv. 'Italia' as compared to own-rooted.}, Keywords = {Grapevine,Deficit irrigation,Rootstock,Vitis spp}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1681-1692}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6854-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6854-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hejazi, M. A. and Khoshrouy, R. and HosseinzadehGharajeh, N. and Etemadi, M. R. and Madayen, L. and Javanmard, A.}, title = {Conservation and Biodiversity Analysis of the Microalga Dunaliella in Shrinking Highly Saline Urmia Lake Based on Intron-sizing Method}, abstract ={ As the world’s second saltiest lake, Urmia Lake is the main source of halotolerant unicellular microalga, Dunaliella, in Iran. Recently, this lake and, consequently, its biodiversity are being threatened environmentally. Hence collecting, preserving, and identification of indigenous microorganisms of the lake are of great importance. The objective of the present study was the molecular screening of Dunaliella isolates in Urmia Lake. For this purpose, 32 samples were taken from different geographical regions of the lake. Then, their molecular pattern was examined based on 18S rDNA gene and intron-sizing method. Results based on conserved and species-specific primers of 18S rDNA illustrated that, depending on the various parts of the lake, the genetic variation of Dunaliella population differs. The amplified pattern for individual isolates was similar to that previously described for D. tertiolecta, D. bardawil and Dunaliella sp. ARIINW-M1/2. Also,18S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of five index isolates showed that the isolates Dunaliella sp. ABRIINW-Ch5, -Sh6.3 and -U1/1 were grouped with different intron lacking species of Dunaliella, ABRIINW-Ch3.1 was clustered with Dunaliella sp. ABRIINW-M1/2, while the isolate Dunaliella sp. ABRIINW-S1.5 was clustered with intron-harboring species of D. bardawil, D. parva, and D. viridis. The results indicated that Urmia Lake is composed of isolates with different 18S rDNA profiles with various intron arrangement. }, Keywords = {18S rDNA,Halotolerant unicellular microalga,Molecular screening}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1693-1703}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10939-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10939-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kahriman, F. and Demirel, K. and Inalpulat, M. and Egesel, C. O. and Genc, L.}, title = {Using Leaf Based Hyperspectral Models for Monitoring Biochemical Constituents and Plant Phenotyping in Maize}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to develop and validate qualitative and quantitative models to discriminate different types of maize and also estimate biochemical constituents. Spectral data were taken from the central leaf of randomly-chosen plants grown in field trials in 2011 and 2012. Leaf chlorophyll and protein content and stalk protein content were determined in the same plants. Four different Support Vector Machine (SVM) models were generated and validated in this study. In qualitative models, maize type was designated as dependent variable while Full Spectral (FS) data (400-1,000 nm) and Spectral Indices (SI) data (34 indices/bands) were independent variables. In the two quantitative models (SVMR-FS and SVMR-SI), independent variables were the same, whereas dependent variables were assigned as the quantitatively measured traits. Results showed the qualitative models to be a robust method of classification for distinguishing different maize types, such as High Oil Maize (HOM), High Protein Maize (HPM) and standard (NORMAL) maize genotypes. The SVMC-FS model was superior to SVMC-SI in terms of the genotypic classification of maize plants. Quantitative models with full spectral data gave more robust prediction than the others. The best prediction result (RMSEC= 222.4 µg g-1, R2 for Cal= 0.739, SEP= 213.3 µg g-1; RPD= 2.04 and r= 0.877) was obtained from the SVMR-FS model developed for chlorophyll content. Indirect estimation models, based on relationships between leaf-based spectral measurements and leaf and stalk protein content, were less satisfactory.}, Keywords = {Genotypic classification,Support vector machine,Zea mays}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1705-1718}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1492-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1492-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {NajafiAlamdarlo, H.}, title = {Spatial and Temporal Factors Affecting Agricultural Trade in the European :union: (EU) and Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)}, abstract ={Export is an important factor in economic development and the creation of regional agreements is one of the ways to facilitate trade and exports; but measuring the success rate of these agreements is one of the challenges of this field. In this study, we compared the factors affecting agricultural exports and imports in the ECO and European :union: countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential effects of countries’ trade policies on the other countries that are in the same trade zone. To achieve this objective, we used spatial econometric techniques on data regarding the years between 1992 and 2013. The results showed that spatial effects were present in both trade zones. The comparison of coefficients of these variables in the import and export functions, led to the introduction of a new index which can be used as a criterion to evaluate the level of agricultural development in different trade zones.}, Keywords = {Agricultural export and import,Regional agreements trade,Spatial econometric}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1721-1733}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4965-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4965-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ommani, A. R. and Chizari, M. and Noorivandi, A.}, title = {Analyzing the Effects of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning on Agricultural Students Knowledge regarding Sustainable Water Resources Management: Case Study of Iran}, abstract ={Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a new trend in educational sciences. This study investigates how knowledge sharing and transferring can be facilitated by using CSCL in a problem-solving setting. Intervention of research is education regarding Sustainable Water Resources Management (SWRM) by Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). The purpose of this research was to determine whether change of knowledge was accomplished after utilization of CSCL in agricultural MSc. and PhD. students of Science and Research Branch University, Ahwaz, Iran. Education by CSCL was accomplished in a two-week period. As a part of the experimental design, 173 university students were randomly assigned and divided to four groups. The first group with 43 students was labeled pretest-posttest treatment group (E). The second group, with 44 students, labeled pretest-posttest control group (C1), only received face to face education, which was known as the control group. Thus, we compared the effect of the treatment between the first and second group. The third group as the posttest-only treatment group (C2) received the CSCL, with 44 students, and the fourth group as posttest-only control group (C3) with 42 students did not receive the treatment. The results showed that there was significant difference between posttests knowledge score of C2 and C3, and E and C1. Also, there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest in the experimental group. This result indicated the impact of treatment (CSCL) on the knowledge level of students. In addition, F-test analysis showed there were significant differences among posttests in all groups.}, Keywords = {Collaborative learning,Computer-supported collaborative learning,Solomon four group designs}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1735-1747}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4342-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4342-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kale, R. B. and Meena, M. S. and Rohilla, P. P.}, title = {Determining Factors and Levels of E-skills among Agriculture Experts of Krishi Vigyan Kendras in India}, abstract ={Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the emerging driving forces to disseminate the agricultural knowledge. Skilled extension personnel can grab these opportunities for the diffusion of agricultural technologies to farming community. Therefore, the present investigation measures E-skills among agricultural experts of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) — Farm Science Centers in Rajasthan and Gujarat states of India. Data were solicited from 87 proportionately selected agricultural experts from 29 KVKs. E-skills of experts were measured on 5-point Likert–type scale. The high level of E-skills among agricultural experts were identified in internet browsing, e-mailing, Micro-Soft (MS) Word, MS Power-Point and mobile use for sending the text messages. The agricultural experts’ training on ICTs had a positive and significant relationship with E-skills while experts’ age had a negtive effect. Elementary in use of ICT, analytical use of ICT, use of mobile phone for information communication and use of ICT for mass communication were the major factors that governed the E-skills. The total variance explained by these factors was found 74.88%. Tactical E-skills, informative E-skills, formal E-skills and communicative E-skills were identified as important levels of E-skills in order of their expertise. Hence, the study recommends to encourage the young professionals and to impart more ICT based trainings for improving the E-skills of agricultural experts towards tactical level of E-skills.}, Keywords = {Agricultural experts,E-skills,ICTs,Krishi Vigyan Kendra}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1749-1760}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6744-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6744-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Colovic, D. and Colovic, R. and Levic, J. and Ikonic, B. and Vukmirovic, D. and Levic, Lj.}, title = {Linseed-Sunflower Meal Co-extrudate as a Functional Additive for Animal Feed – extrusion Optimization}, abstract ={The presented study shows a simple way for optimization of extrusion process, which was used for deterioration of cyanogenic glycosides – antinutritive components of linseed, with minimum damage of essential Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) at the same time. Extrusion of the material was done on a laboratory single screw extruder. Content of Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as a measurement of cyanogenic glycosides in produced co-extrudate and fatty acid composition were determined, together with basic chemical analyses, which were done in accordance with AOAC methods. Statistical analysis showed that HCN content in the product was the most dependent (P= 0.0002) on quadratic influence of moisture content of starting material. The highest HCN content (126 mg kg-1) was measured at the lowest moisture content (7%) and the lowest screw speed (240 rpm). Low moisture content caused weak volatilization of HCN along with the evaporating water, which was intensified with higher values of moisture content. However, increase in moisture content from 11.5 to 16% slightly increased the amount of present HCN, due to the lower material viscosity. Extrusion process caused some changes in fatty acid composition, but even the highest degradation of ALA did not exceed 4%. Linear and quadratic influence of moisture content on ALA reduction was significant (P< 0.05), as well as quadratic influence of screw speed. Specific attention has to be paid to selecting appropriate levels of screw speed and moisture content of the material which contains linseed, in order to achieve both detoxification of linseed and preservation of essential fatty acids.}, Keywords = {Cyanogenic Glycosides,Essential fatty acids,Extrusion,Linseed,Sunflower meal}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1761-1772}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1394-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1394-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Abdi-Benemar, H. and Dehghan-Banadaky, M. and Rezayazdi, K. and Abdollahi, Y.}, title = {The Comparison of the Amount of Methionine Supply by Different Rumen-Protected Methionine Sources}, abstract ={Bioavailability of three rumen protected Methionine (Met) sources with different protection methods (Mepron® M85, Evonik Industries, Germany; Methioplus®, Soda Nutrition, Italy and Methilock®, Tehrandaneh Co. Iran) were evaluated in 2 experiments with 6 canulated non-lactating Holstein cows. In experiment 1, the ruminal in situ and mobile bag techniques were used for assessing ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of Met from the protected Met sources. The rate of disappearance of Met from Mepron® M85 was lower than Methioplus® (2.94 vs. 5.73 % h-1). Mepron® M85 had more resistance to ruminal degradation than Methioplus® (82.78 vs. 68.51%), but the higher intestinal digestibility of Methioplus® resulted in similar amounts of available Met for two products. Because of high washing out loss from in situ bags, ruminal degradation was not estimated for Methilock®. In the second experiment, Met availability was assayed by the blood Met response after 5 days feeding each product in comparison to pretreatment levels utilizing a 3×3 Latin square design. Three Met sources increased blood Met concentration significantly after 5 days feeding (37.5, 52.23 and 44.39% for Methilock®, Mepron® and Methioplus® respectively). Results of the present study showed that the three RPM sources increased blood Met concentration. This study also suggests that the in situ method may not adequately characterize the availability of rumen protected amino acids, especially those of small particle size.}, Keywords = {Blood Response,Holstein cow,Intestinal Disappearance,Methionine,Ruminal degradability}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1773-1780}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2511-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2511-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Barzegar, M. and GhaderiGhahfarokhi, M. and Sahari, M. A. and Azizi, M. H.}, title = {Enhancement of Thermal Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Thyme Essential Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan Nanoparticles}, abstract ={The use of essential oils as the preservative agents in food industry faces the problem of interactions with food matrix components, low solubility in aqueous phase, high volatile character and sensitivity to environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to enhance thermal stability and antioxidant activity of Thyme essential Oil (TO) by encapsulation in Chitosan Nanoparticles (CS-NP). TO was encapsulated in CS-NP with an emulsion–ionic gelation crosslinking method and the construction was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The effect of CS: TO weight ratio encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, particle size and zeta potential of TO-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle (CS-NP-TO) were investigated. The encapsulated TO was decomposed at a higher temperature (318-325.4ºC) than free TO (170ºC) reflecting the enhanced thermal stability of TO by encapsulation. Also, when TO was encapsulated in CS-NP, antioxidant activity proved to be superior from that of free TO. The considerable antioxidant activity and thermal stability reveal that such particles have promising application for delivery of TO in medicine, food and feed.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant activity,Chitosan nanoparticle,Encapsulation,thermal stability,Thyme oil}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1781-1792}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9470-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9470-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Dastmalchi, F. and Razavi, S. H. and Labbafi, M. and Faraji, M.}, title = {The Impact of Lactobacillus plantarum, Paracasei, Casei–Casei, and Sanfranciscensis on Reducing Acrylamide in Wheat Bread}, abstract ={Acrylamide as a possible carcinogenic compound is known to produce in heated carbohydrate-rich food such as bread. In this study, the effect of the fermentation process by four Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and yeaston an industrial scale, was studied on acrylamide reduction in bread. Results showed that the flour specifications and the kind of microorganisms in the fermentation process are important factors for acrylamide formation in bread. Acrylamide content in control bread which is fermented by yeast, containing the highest amount of reducing saccharides was found to be the highest (239.12 µg kg-1). Fermentation by LAB and yeast reduced acrylamide formation. Fermented bread with Lactobacillus paracasei showed the lowest amount of acrylamide (131.06 µg kg-1) due to its lower pH of sourdough (3.51) and glucose content (5.44 mg g-1). Bread leavened with lactic acid bacteria starters had the softest texture to yeast starter. The addition of sourdough starters with mean pH 3.56 decreased the pH of bread, causing enhancement of the texture and sensory properties, as well as reduction of acrylamide. The sourdough bread, especially fermented bread by L. paracasei had the lowest amount of acrylamide and softest texture during three days.}, Keywords = {Acrylamide,Fermentation,Lactic acid bacteria,Wheat bread}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1793-1805}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9378-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9378-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sedighi, L. and RanjbarAghdam, H. and Imani, S. and Shojai, M.}, title = {Comparative Demography of Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Its Two the Most Important Natural Hosts, Maize and Sugarcane}, abstract ={Demographic parameters of the pink stem borer, Sesamia creticaLederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were estimatedon its two main host plants, maize and sugarcane. The present studywas conducted under laboratory conditions at 27±1˚C, 50±10% Relative Humidity (RH %), and a photoperiod of 0:24 (L:D) hour for the larval stage and 16:8 (L:D) hour for the other life stages. The raw data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. For estimating the SE of the population parameters, the bootstrap technique was applied. Total pre-adult developmental periods of the pink stem borer were51.95 and 39.51 days on maize and sugarcane, respectively. The oviposition periods were 5.03 and 5.38 days and fecunditywas 118.04 and 142.88 eggs on maize and sugarcane, respectively. Peaks of reproductive value occurred at ages 49 and 38days when reared on maize and sugarcane, respectively.The net Reproductive rate R0, intrinsic rates of increase r and finite rate of increase λ of S. cretica were 53.58 offspring, 0.0937 day-1 and 1.0983 day-1 on sugarcane and 39.54 offspring, 0.0672 day-1 and 1.0695 day-1 on maize, respectively. Themean generation Time (T) of the pink stem borer was 42.41 and 54.57 days on sugarcane and maize, respectively. There was significant difference between demographic parameters of S. cretica on maize and sugarcane. The results showed that there was higher reproductive performance and population growth of S. cretica on sugarcane than on maize.}, Keywords = {Life table parameter,population,Sesamia cretica}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1807-1818}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3896-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3896-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Doryanizadeh, N. and Moharramipour, S. and Hosseininaveh, V. and Mehrabadi, M.}, title = {Effect of Eight Cucumis Genotypes on Life Table and Population Growth Parameters of Melon Aphid: An Approach to Assess Antibiosis Resistance}, abstract ={The effect of eight Cucumis L. (Cucurbitaceae) genotypes, including native cucumber genotypes (Hormozgan, Bushehr and Gilan), greenhouse cucumber genotypes (Girtap, Negeen, Sepehr and Pouya) and Armenian cucumber (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) was studied on the life table and population growth parameters of Aphis gossypii Glover to evaluate antibiosis resistance. The experiment was conducted at 25±1°C, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 hour (L:D). The data were analyzed by Two-Sex MSChart program. The most pre-adult mortality (22.6 %) and the shortest total life span (14.5 days) were recorded for ‘Bushehr’. The net Reproductive rate (R0) ranged from 43.70 for ‘Bushehr’ to 92.39 nymphs per individual in the case of ‘Pouya’. The lowest value of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) was observed in ‘Gilan’ (0.378 and 1.460 day−1, respectively) and the highest in ‘Pouya’ (0.471 and 1.602 day−1, respectively). The maximum and minimum mean generation Times (T) were 10.20 and 9.23 days in ‘Gilan’ and ‘Negeen’, respectively. On the basis of these parameters, ‘Gilan’ had the highest antibiosis resistance to A. gossypii. Information on life table of pests and subsequent host resistance evaluation improves IPM programs and leads us to genotype selection for crop breeding programs.}, Keywords = {Antibiosis,Aphis gossypii,Cucumis,Life table,Plant resistance}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1819-1832}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3628-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3628-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fatehi, S. and FarshbafPourabad, R. and Bandani, A. R. and Ashouri, Sh.}, title = {The Inhibitory Activity of Triticale, Rye and Black Nightshade Seed Proteinaceous Extracts against Potato Tuberworm Digestive α-Amylase and Protease}, abstract ={Potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera; Gelechiidae) is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops. Larvae feed inside galleries in foliage, stems and tubers making chemical control unsuccessful, so other control methods should be applied. In recent years many plants have received genes that encode toxic proteins as a strategy to resist insect pests. In this study, optimal pH and temperature of digestive α-amylase and protease activities of potato tuberworm and the effect of triticale (X Triticosecale wittmack cv. Sanabad), rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Danko) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) seed proteinaceous extracts against enzymes activities were evaluated using starch 1% and azocasein 2% as a substrate, respectively. The optimum pH of α-amylase and protease activities was found to be highly alkaline. Enzymes inhibition assays showed that amylase activity was significantly affected by extracts from triticale and rye by pH (P= 0.05; maximum effect at pH 9) and influencing of protease activity by extracts mentioned above did not vary by pHs 8-11 and 9-11, respectively. Extracts from black nightshade seed had no effect on enzymes activity. Inhibition manner of various concentrations; 1.5, 0.75, 0.375, 0.187 and 0.093 (mg protein ml-1) of extracts were dose-dependent. Maximum inhibitory effect occurred at the highest concentration and the minimum was at the lowest concentration. In polyacrylamide gel assay, both enzymes, without inhibitors showed two isozymes, which at highest concentration of extracts, both bands disappeared or their intensity decreased. So, these proteins can be introduced to be encoded in producing resistant potato crops against potato tuberworm.}, Keywords = {Cereals,digestive enzymes,Potato tuberworm}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1833-1843}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6370-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6370-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, J. and Moradi, M.}, title = {Single and Dual Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi Inoculum Effects on Growth, Nutrient Absorption and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Ziziphus spina-christi Seedlings under Salinity Stress}, abstract ={Ziziphus spina-christi are distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of world. Most of these areas are subjected to soil salinity. So, the aim of this study was to find out the effects of different NaCl concentrations on Z. spina-christi seedlings growth, in the presence of a number of single and dual AMF inoculums, to provide some information about possible effects of AMF under salinity condition. For this purpose, the study was conducted in nursery using 4×3 factorial scheme (4 salinity levels; 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM and 3 mycorrhiza treatments; non-mycorrhizal plant, G. fasciculatum and Funneliformis mosseae+G. fasciculatum inoculated plants). Our results revealed that salinity has negative effects on root length colonization, growth parameters, chlorophyll content, nutrients absorption and results in Na, proline, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activity increment but mycorrhizal plants maintained higher growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, nutrients, root colonization and enzymes activity, proline and Na ion reduction and these effects in dual inoculum were significantly different from single inoculum fungi. According to the results dual-inoculated plants are more tolerative to salinity compared to single-inoculated and not-inoculated seedlings. Indicating that Z. spina-christi plantation in saline soil would give us the best result if we use dual inoculated plants. It could be said that in saline soils Z. spina-christi dual-inoculated with mycorrhiza is tolerative and more efficient.}, Keywords = {Enzyme,Mycorrhiza,Proline,Salinity,Ziziphus spina-christi}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1845-1857}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3724-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3724-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kamangar, A. and Haddad, R.}, title = {Effect of Water Stress and Sodium Silicate on Antioxidative Response in Different Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars}, abstract ={Drought is still accounted as a serious agronomic problem and also one of the most important factors contributing to crop yield loss. The effect of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3, abbreviated as Si) was investigated on the four major antioxidant enzyme activities and five other relevant components in two different grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L., cvs Mish Pestan and Sahebi, as tolerant and sensitive cultivars) under drought stress. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design including three treatments i.e. the control, drought with no Si, and Si-drought (0.004M sodium silicate kg-1 soil), with three replications in a greenhouse. The results indicated that Si partially offset the negative impacts of drought stress by increasing the tolerance of grapevine by rising antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein content. Si treatment significantly affected the enzyme activities in both cultivars. Water stress induced a decrease in total Chlorophyll (Chl) and total protein contents, which was much larger in no-Si stress than in Si treatment. The results indicated that sodium silicate might decrease drought stress damages by raising the antioxidant enzymes activity.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant enzymes,Drought Stress,Grapevine,Silicon}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1859-1870}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3928-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3928-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Majchrzak, L. and Sawinska, Z. and Natywa, M. and Skrzypczak, G. and Głowicka-Wołoszyn, R.}, title = {Impact of Different Tillage Systems on Soil Dehydrogenase Activity and Spring Wheat Infection}, abstract ={Field trials were conducted at the Experimental Station (Brody) belonging to Poznan University of Life Sciences (NE Poland). The purpose was to evaluate the impact of different tillage systems and white mustard cover crop on soil enzymatic activity and severity of plant infection by pathogenic fungi in spring wheat. A randomized complete block design was set up with four replicates per treatment (conventional and no-tillage with and without cover crop). The results demonstrated higher enzyme activity in the soil treated post wheat harvest with herbicide Glyphosate at the rate of 4.0 L ha-1, 360 g L-1 ai, [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] with adjuvant AS 500 SL 1.5 L ha-1 of the stubble, white mustard cover crop in direct sowing. Less activity was observed during spring time application of Glyphosate at the rate of 1.5 L ha-1+adjuvant AS 500 SL 1.5 L ha-1, followed by direct sowing of spring wheat. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tillage system and cover crop on soil dehydrogenase activity and plant health of spring wheat. Conducted investigation showed that there was no significant impact of the tillage system or left biomass on the eyespot (Oculimacula acuformis) and brown foot root (Fusarium sp.) diseases. Only with take-all (Gaumannomyces graminis var. tritici) there was significant impact of soil tillage system on the percentage of infected plants. During the tillering stage of the spring wheat significantly higher enzyme activities were observed on the treatment with cover crop and spring wheat cultivation in no tillage technology.}, Keywords = {Activity,Conventional tillage,Cover crop,Diseases,No-tillage,Soil}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1871-1881}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1200-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1200-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Montemurro, F. and Fiore, A. and D’Andrea, L. and Diacono, M.}, title = {Olive Mill By-products Application: Organic Olive Orchard Yield Performance and Soil Fertility}, abstract ={Seasonal accumulation and incorrect disposal of olive mill by-products may be detrimental to the environment. Conversely, their proper recycling as soil amendments may be a sustainable solution. Therefore, the objectives of this three-year field trial were: (i) Investigating the effects of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) and Pomace Compost (PC) on plant nutritional status and yield in an organic olive grove; (ii) The impact on main soil properties, and (iii) Verifying if these experimental fertilizers can replace the widespread fertilization practices. The OMW and PC treatments were compared to a commercial Organic-mineral Fertilizer (OF) and green manure of horse bean (MV). Plant nutritional status, soil properties and agronomical performance of treatments were assessed. The OMW and OF determined yield that was on average significantly higher than MV and PC by 191 and 55%, respectively. The best leaves P contents in PC indicated a more effective release of this nutrient as compared to the other treatments, which can be matched with more favorable soil conditions. The comparable yield and leaves composition for OMW and OF suggested the possibility to replace the OF with the OMW. The effects on olive oil production and soil fertility highlighted that OMW (and PC as a second choice) could be applied to sustain olive tree production, substituting traditional fertilizers.}, Keywords = {Composting,Olive grove soils,Olive mill wastewater,Olive pomace,Organic farming}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1883-1896}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1360-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1360-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zivdar, Sh. and Arzani, K. and Souri, M. K. and Moallemi, N. and Seyyednejad, S. M.}, title = {Physiological and Biochemical Response of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars to Foliar Potassium Application}, abstract ={This study was conducted under Ahvaz, Iran environmental condition during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in order to investigate the influence of foliar application of potassium on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of three olive cultivars including ‘Mission’, ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’. Potassium sulfate in different concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g l-1 was sprayed twice on selected mature 10 year old trees; at 50 and 65 days after full bloom. Potassium sprays increased leaf chlorophyll content of all cultivars, leaf potassium content in ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cvs., fruit anthocyanin concentration of ‘Dezfuli’ in two crop seasons. However, K treatments had no significant effect on leaf N and P content, fruit K and P content in all studied cultivars. Fruit soluble carbohydrates increased by foliar application of potassium in ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’ cultivars in the second year of study. Stem water potential and leaf stomatal conductance were significantly affected by cultivar and K treatments during the two years. Our findings showed that foliar application of potassium resulted in the decrease of stomatal conductance of ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’ in two crop seasons. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the studied cultivars differently respond to K treatments during the two crop seasons and foliar potassium application could have a positive impact on leaf chlorophyll, leaf potassium, fruit soluble carbohydrates and fruit anthocyanins in olive cultivars.}, Keywords = {Foliar application,olive,Potassium,Soluble carbohydrates,Stomatal conductance}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1897-1908}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11776-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11776-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammed, M. S. and Shimelis, H. A. and Laing, M. D.}, title = {Preliminary Investigation on Some Agronomic and Morphological Variations of Within and Between Bambara Groundnut Landraces}, abstract ={Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] is an indigenous legume crop in Africa. It has comparable value to other legumes for food and nutritional security in the continent. However, small-scale farmers continue cultivating unimproved landrace varieties over the production areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Bambara groundnut landraces exist as heterogeneous mixtures of seeds, which typically contain a few to several seed morpho-types that may embrace wide genetic diversity. In this study, the agro-morphological variations of 213 Bambara groundnut landraces were evaluated to determine the presence of within- and between-landraces of pod and seed morphology, out of which only 49 were used to access their genetic variability using 9 agronomic traits while 158 landraces were used to determine leaf morphology. Most of the landraces displayed pointed, round and yellowish pod colour, with grooved and oval seed shapes. For leaf morphology, 49.4% had round leaves, while 21.5% had elliptical leaves, with 55.7% landraces being heterogeneous possessing more than one leaf shape. Significant differences (P< 0.05) were detected for seed traits and leaf morphology including seed height, canopy spread and terminal width. Leaf morphology could be a useful marker for strategic breeding and genetic conservation of Bambara groundnut.}, Keywords = {Bambara groundnut,genetic diversity,Landraces,Leaf morphology,Partially balanced design}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1909-1920}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1690-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1690-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kranto, S. and Chankaew, S. and Monkham, T. and Theerakulpisut, P. and Sanitchon, J.}, title = {Evaluation for Salt Tolerance in Rice Using Multiple Screening Methods}, abstract ={Screening methods that are effective in the early stage of growth will potentially provide the largest quantity of breeding material. Although various screening methods under greenhouse have been proposed, potential effective approaches must be described a good correlation with results under field conditions. This study was aimed to assess the correlations between traits obtained from four salt screening methods, hydroponic culture, soil culture, pot and field methods. Salt injury scores from the soil culture and hydroponic methods at the seedling stage under salinity of 12 dS m-1, were not correlated, but were able to identify the variety Pokkali as being a tolerant variety, and IR29 as a susceptible variety. Traits in the pot and field experiments were significantly related to the rice varieties and salt salinity levels. The correlations at the seedling stage were found between salt injury score in the soil culture and plant height, proline content of leaves and panicle length in the field experiment (r= -0.886, r= 0.992 and r= -0.933, respectively). Also, traits from the pot experiment showed significant correlations with those from the field experiment. Salt injury scores obtained from soil culture method provide a simple and efficient method for indirect selection for salt tolerance in rice.}, Keywords = {Hydroponic culture,Na+/K+ ratio,Rice,Salt tolerance,Soil culture}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1921-1931}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7505-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7505-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sood, S. and Khulbe, R. K. and Kant, L.}, title = {Optimal Yield Related Attributes for High Grain Yield using Ontogeny Based Sequential Path Analysis in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa spp.)}, abstract ={Relationship between grain yield and its component traits can improve the efficiency of breeding programs by determining appropriate selection criteria. An investigation was carried out on barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.) global germplasm collection to investigate the association among yield components and their direct and indirect effects on the grain yield of barnyard millet. The experiment was conducted in 2011 and 2012 in augmented and alpha lattice design, respectively. The results of correlation coefficients indicated that grain yield had high significant and positive association with flag leaf width and culm thickness during both years, whereas negative association of grain yield was observed with basal tillers and peduncle length. Simple path analysis indicated high direct effects of panicle exertion, flag leaf sheath length, flag leaf width and days to maturity in 2011; and flag leaf width and raceme number in 2012. However, these high direct estimates were biased due to multicolinearity. Therefore, ontogeny based sequential path analysis was used to establish the causal relationships determining grain yield in barnyard millet. Based on the results over the years, culm thickness and raceme number were found to be important traits for indirect selection. The other important traits suggested for inclusion in selection index were inflorescence length, plant height, flag leaf length, inflorescence width and number of basal tillers per plant.}, Keywords = {Causal relationship,Correlation,Multicolinearity,Predictor variables,Structural Equation Modelling}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1933-1944}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8527-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8527-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kutasi, J. and Kovacs, R. and Puspan, I. and Makk, J. and Takacs, K. and Erdelyi, B. and Imre, Cs. and Karpati, E.}, title = {Protein Patterns and Larvicide Activity of Crystalline Inclusions of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kumamotoensis DSM 6070}, abstract ={Morphological and electrophoretic analysis of the crystalline inclusions (parasporal crystals) of sporulated cultures of B. thuringiensis ssp. kumamotoensis DSM 6070 (Bt 6070) was conducted via phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The activity of the spore-crystal suspensions against house fly (Musca domestica) larvae was also assessed. Bipyramidal and smaller, irregular shaped crystals were observed in the sporulated cultures. 130, 75 and 25 kDa bands were detected in the protein pattern. The presence of 25 kda proteins in Bt6070 has not been reported earlier. The spore-crystal suspension showed significant larvicide activity against housefly larvae. Larvicide activity of B. thuringiensis ssp. kumamotoensis against any dipteran species has not been detected yet. Further studies are needed on identifying the dipteran- active fraction.}, Keywords = {Bacillus thuringiensis,Parasporal crystals,Polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis,Scanning electron microscopy}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1945-1951}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9794-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9794-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Husseinvand, M. and Abdollahi, M. and Karegar, A.}, title = {Description of Some Nematode Species of Tylenchidae, Associated with Polianthes tuberosa from Iran}, abstract ={In order to identify the plant parasitic nematodes associated with Polianthes tuberosa in Dezful Regions, Iran, 300 soil and root samples were collected from different parts of the region, during 2012-2014. The samples were washed and the nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique. The nematodes were fixed and transferred to glycerin, and then the permanent slides of the nematode specimen were prepared. After microscopic observation, the measurements (morphological and morphometrical characters) were made using a drawing tube attached to light microscope. In this study, 17 species belonging to nine genera of the family Tylenchidae were identified as: Atetylenchus graminus, A. abulbosus, Basiria aberrans, B. tumida, Boleodorus thylactus, Filenchus elegantulus, F. sandneri, F. vulgaris, F. andrassyi, F. facultativus, Irantylenchus vicinus, Lelenchus leptosoma, Neopsilenchus magnidens, Psilenchus hilarulus, P. iranicus, P. vinciguerrae and Tylenchus capitatus. Among them, A. graminus, L. leptosome and T. capitatus, are new reports and were first described in Iran. This is the first report of male of A. graminus in the world.}, Keywords = {Atetylenchus graminus,Dezful,Lelenchus leptosoma,Tylenchus capitatus,Tuberose}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1953-1966}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-420-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-420-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shirvani, A. and Jafari, M. and Goli, A. and SoltaniTehrani, N. and Rahimmalek, M.}, title = {The Changes in Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Fatty Acid Profile of Germinating Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Seed}, abstract ={In this work, the effect of three-day germination on proximate composition, total phenolic compounds, fatty acid profile, vitamin C content, radical scavenging activity, malondialdehyde content and reducing power of safflower seed was investigated. Apart from ash, other parameters including oil, protein and crude fiber contents decreased significantly during germination. Phenolics content increased gradually from 4.72 to 9.51 mg g-1. Vitamin C sharply increased at the beginning of germination (4.22 to 7.04 mg 100 g-1 after 1-day germination) and after that no significant difference was observed. Germination improved the quality of safflower oil by increasing the unsaturated and decreasing the saturated fatty acids (about 5%). Results indicated that germination could be a suitable bioprocess to improve chemical composition and nutritional value of safflower seed.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant activity,Germination,Malondialdehyde,Oil,Phenolic}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1967-1974}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-422-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-422-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {DelaHerrán, R. and Casares, M. and Robles, F. and Tito, J. and Navajas-Pérez, R. and Molina-Luzón, M. J. and delosReyesGonzalez-Tejero, M. and Sola-Campoy, P. and Gutiérrez-Guerrero, A. and Ruiz-Rejón, C.}, title = {The Forgotten Myrtle of the Alhambra Gardens of Granada: Restoring and Authenticating World Heritage}, abstract ={In the Alhambra (Granada, Spain), and in other Moorish locations, several individuals of the original variety of myrtle, the emblematic plant of their gardens, have been identified and genetically authenticated. After microsatellite analysis, we differentiated between the wild form (Myrtus communis L.) and two cultivated varieties: the one original to the Alhambra, the Moorish myrtle (subsp. baetica), and the variety introduced in more modern times (subsp. tarentina). The genetic and morphological differences between these two varieties confirm the taxonomic distinctness of the subsp. baetica. With very few individuals known, this Moorish myrtle is on the verge of extinction. The genetic identification offers the opportunity to restore a key element of this 14th-century garden and enhance the authenticity of a World Heritage site.}, Keywords = {Alhambra,Microsatellite,Mirtus communis,Subspecies,Taxon}, volume = {18}, Number = {7}, pages = {1975-1983}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4559-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4559-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} }