@article{ author = {Bakhshi, M. and Pourtahery, M. and RoknadinEftekhari, A.}, title = {Developing a Model to Predict Success of Agricultural Production Enterprises Based on Their Capitals}, abstract ={This study aimed to develop a recognition model in order to classify success of agricultural enterprises. To this end, the study investigated the relationship between capitals owned by the enterprise and the success level by using "Neural Network" model. This study was conducted during 2013-2014 in Zanjan County, Islamic Republic of Iran. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire and holding interviews with 92 enterprise owners, out of 125, involved in producing agrifood. According to the results of data analysis, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network with Backpropagation algorithm was the appropriate algorithm to cope with the whole scope of the study. Empirical analysis by SPSS indicated that the Multilayer Perceptron consisting of one hidden layer with 6 nodes was an appropriate architecture. Classification Accuracy Rate (CAR) and "Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)" curve were used to assess the model. Based on CAR of holdout data, the model was able to classify 86.4% of the samples correctly. Also, the study intended to reveal the relative importance of explanatory factors on enterprise success. Results indicated that human and social capitals were the more influential factors, followed by economic and environmental capitals. Therefore, to promote agricultural enterprises, policy makers and managers need to improve software and hardware assets, simultaneously.}, Keywords = {Classification,Neural Network,Perceptron,Pattern}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1443-1454}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-989-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-989-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mahmoodi, A. and Shabanzadeh-Khoshrody, M. and Khajooeipour, A. and Tarighi, S.}, title = {Examining the Factors Affecting Iranian Government Support of Agricultural Products Market}, abstract ={As one of the oldest sectors of economy, agriculture has had an important role in the supply of food for people and raw materials .In this study, the factors affecting the Iranian government support of agricultural products market has been investigated for the period of 1989-2011. In this regard, using the theory of efficient redistribution and panel data of 12 selected agricultural products including wheat, barley, rice, cotton, pistachio, apples, dates, beets, eggs, milk, red and poultry meat, the rationale for government intervention in the agricultural sector has been modeled in the Panel Tobit model framework and is then estimated. The results of this study indicated that the elasticity of supply and demand, the share of total exports of agricultural goods, the real income of farmers, number of farmers, the share of total agricultural output, and concentration of production are the factors that are directly related to the amount of agriculture support, such that, with the increase in each of these variables, the amount of government support has increased. However, the results showed no significant relation between the import variables (the products which have similar domestic production) and also the number of agricultural cooperatives and organizations with the level of government support.}, Keywords = {Agricultural support policies,Efficient redistribution,Panel Tobit model}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1455-1465}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5911-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5911-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khanzadeh, H. and GhaviHossein-Zadeh, N.}, title = {Estimating Daughter Yield Deviation and Validation of Genetic Trend for Somatic Cell Score in Holstein Cattle Using Random Regression Test Day Model}, abstract ={The objective of this study was to estimate Daughter Yield Deviations (DYDs) of bulls and Yield Deviations (YDs) for cows using a random regression model and validation of genetic trend using estimated DYDs and Method II of Interbull for test-day records of Somatic Cell Score (SCS) in the first lactation of Iranian Holsteins. Data set included the 108995 test day records collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 2001 to 2010. Results of the present study indicated that variation in YDs of cows at different stages of lactation corresponds closely with their Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs). Because YDs and DYDs are considered as an additional measure of an animal’s genetic merit, their correlation with EBVs is very important. The correlation between DYDs and EBVs of bulls for SCS was 0.88. High correlation estimates between DYDs and EBVs indicated that, in addition to EBV, the DYD can be an appropriate measure for dairy cattle breeding programs. The correlation increased with increase in the number of bull daughters and the average number of test-days of daughters. Estimated DYDs for each production year were used to validate the genetic trend obtained from the model which was used for genetic evaluation. Results indicated that genetic trend for SCS in the first lactation of Iranian Holsteins was slightly overestimated.}, Keywords = {Dairy cow,Estimated breeding value,Genetic progress,Mastitis,Validation of genetic trend}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1467-1474}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7235-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7235-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, H. and Ansari-Pirsaraei, Z.}, title = {Ovary and Liver IGF-I, IGF-IR and IGFBP-II Gene Expressions and Reproduction Performance of Old Laying Hens Injected with Growth Hormone and Testosterone}, abstract ={This study investigated how exogenous hormones change ovary and liver IGF-I, IGF-IR and IGFBP-II gene expression and egg production performance of 160 laying hens (HyLine W-36), at 73rd week of age when subcutaneously injected with different doses of Growth Hormone (GH) and Testosterone (Ts) as follows: Treatment 1 (Tr 1): 100 µL distilled water (control group); Treatment 2 (Tr 2): Ts 500 µg kg-1+GH 50 µg kg-1 live weight; Treatment 3 (Tr 3): Ts 500 µg kg-1+GH 100 µg kg-1 live weight, and Treatment 4 (Tr 4): Ts 500 µg kg-1+GH 150 µg kg-1 live weight. The birds were randomly assigned to the four experimental groups with four replicates of 10 birds each, in a completely randomized design. Fifth-largest-yellow follicle (F5) and liver samples were taken just 8 hours after hormone injection. Production performance was measured during fourth and fifth weeks after hormone injection. Increase in liver IGF-I mRNA in Tr4 was significantly higher than that in Tr 3 and the control group. The liver IGF-IR gene expressions in all hormone-injected hens were significantly higher than that in the control group. The liver IGFBP-II mRNAs were significantly higher in Tr 2 and 4 compared with the control group and Tr 3. The expressions of IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNAs in F5 wall of the layers in the control group, Tr 2 and 3, and F5 IGFBP-II mRNA in Tr 3 were significantly increased compared to the other groups. Ovulation rate in Tr 3 was significantly higher than other groups. Besides, egg mass of Tr 2 and 3 was significantly more than the control group. Feed intake of Tr 3 significantly differed from the other groups. Treatment 4 had significantly higher feed conversion ratio compared with Tr 2. In conclusion, the results show the positive effects of the exogenous Ts and GH through IGF system on reproduction performance in old laying hen.}, Keywords = {Growth factors,Egg production,Hormone injection,Insulin-like Physiologically manipulated spent laying hen}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1475-1487}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3127-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3127-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Karazhiyan, H. and MehrabanSangatash, M. and Karazhyan, R. and Mehrzad, A. and Haghighi, E.}, title = {Ability of Different Treatments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Surface Bind Aflatoxin M1 in Yoghurt}, abstract ={Microbial detoxification is considered as one of the most common methods used for the elimination of aflatoxins. Reports indicate that S. cerevisiae can be effective in removing aflatoxins through the adsorption of aflatoxins to their cell wall. In the current research, the ability of S. cerevisiae (viable, acid-, heat- and ultrasound-treated yeasts) to bind aflatoxin M1 was assessed in yoghurt. To this end, firstly, recombinant milk containing 12% solids, non-fat skimmed milk powder was prepared. Next, the samples were spiked by aflatoxin M1 using different concentrations (100, 500 and 750 pg mL-1). When the starter bacteria were added to the milk, the treated yeasts were added as well. The concentration of aflatoxin M1 residue in the supernatant of the yoghurt samples after different storage times (1, 7, 14 and 21 days) was measured using the ELISA method. The results showed that all treatments containing viable, acid-, heat-, ultrasound-treated yeast and starter bacteria were able to adsorb aflatoxin M1, and the ability of the treated yeast was significant as compared with the control (P< 0.05). Among the treated yeasts, the ability of the acid-treated yeasts was higher in toxin binding. Overall, it can be concluded that using S. cerevisiae for the biological adsorption of aflatoxin M1 is effective in fermented dairy products.}, Keywords = {Biological adsorption,Cell wall,Fermentation,Mannan,Yeast}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1489-1498}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10370-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10370-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kchaou, M. and BenSalah, H. and Mnafgui, K. and Abdennabi, R. and Gharsallah, N. and Elfeki, A. and Damak, M. and Allouche, N.}, title = {Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Zygophyllum album (L.) Essential Oil from Tunisia}, abstract ={Regarding hemodialysis patients’ limitations in consuming different foods, providing them with a product with health-promoting effects is important. The objective of this study was to develop a functional food from whey protein for this disease condition and assess its sensory, chemical, and nutritional characteristics. Fermented and unfermented beverages were prepared as a mixture of whey protein concentrate (8.5%), permeate (1.4 % for fermented), mint flavor (0.01%), vitamin E (0.18%), and water. Ty17A starter was used for the fermented blend. After pasteurization, and homogenization, the blends were stored until the sensory, chemical, and nutritional evaluations were done. Data were analyzed by SPSS Software (version 16). The pH values of the fermented and unfermented beverages were 3.8 and 6.02, respectively. The medians of all sensory attributes were greater than 4 for the fermented and less than 3 for the unfermented beverages (except color). All sensory attributes other than the color were significantly different between beverages (P< 0.05). The overall acceptability of the unfermented beverage was less. No significant nutritional differences were seen between beverages. Some of the nutrients values in the beverages are desirable for hemodialysis patients (Protein: 7.9-8 g 100 g-1, Fat: 0.4%, Trans fatty acids: 2%, Saturated fatty acids: 56.15% Phosphorus: 9.25-9.35 mg 100 g-1, Potassium: 0.0295 %, Sodium: 62.5 mg 100 g-1, and vitamin E: 400 mg 220 mL-1). The microbial counts of both were safe. Vitamin E fortified fermented whey beverage might be a good recommendation for hemodialysis patients because of its protein quality, low fat, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium and high vitamin E contents.}, Keywords = {Fermentation,Functional food,Nutritional value,Sensory attributes,Whey protein concentrate}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1499-1510}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8648-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8648-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sohrabi, Z. and Eftekhari, M. H. and Eskandari, M. H. and Rezaeianzadeh, A. and Sagheb, M. M.}, title = {Development and Characterization of Fermented and Unfermented Whey Beverages Fortified with Vitamin E}, abstract ={Regarding hemodialysis patients’ limitations in consuming different foods, providing them with a product with health-promoting effects is important. The objective of this study was to develop a functional food from whey protein for this disease condition and assess its sensory, chemical, and nutritional characteristics. Fermented and unfermented beverages were prepared as a mixture of whey protein concentrate (8.5%), permeate (1.4 % for fermented), mint flavor (0.01%), vitamin E (0.18%), and water. Ty17A starter was used for the fermented blend. After pasteurization, and homogenization, the blends were stored until the sensory, chemical, and nutritional evaluations were done. Data were analyzed by SPSS Software (version 16). The pH values of the fermented and unfermented beverages were 3.8 and 6.02, respectively. The medians of all sensory attributes were greater than 4 for the fermented and less than 3 for the unfermented beverages (except color). All sensory attributes other than the color were significantly different between beverages (P< 0.05). The overall acceptability of the unfermented beverage was less. No significant nutritional differences were seen between beverages. Some of the nutrients values in the beverages are desirable for hemodialysis patients (Protein: 7.9-8 g 100 g-1, Fat: 0.4%, Trans fatty acids: 2%, Saturated fatty acids: 56.15% Phosphorus: 9.25-9.35 mg 100 g-1, Potassium: 0.0295 %, Sodium: 62.5 mg 100 g-1, and vitamin E: 400 mg 220 mL-1). The microbial counts of both were safe. Vitamin E fortified fermented whey beverage might be a good recommendation for hemodialysis patients because of its protein quality, low fat, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium and high vitamin E contents.}, Keywords = {Fermentation,Functional food,Nutritional value,Sensory attributes,Whey protein concentrate}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1511-1512}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1338-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1338-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Davarpanah, Z. and Keramat, J. and Hamdami, N. and Shahedi, M. and Behzad, T.}, title = {Dispersion of Silicate Layers in Zein/Montmorillonite Composite Films Using Two Sonication Methods}, abstract ={This study aimed to prepare zein/Montmorillonite (MMT) composite films by two methods: (1) An ultrasonic bath, and (2) A high power ultrasonic probe. Then, the structural, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the obtained composites were evaluated. According to the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns, the composite films prepared by the first and second methods had microcomposite and exfoliated structures, respectively. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the clay dispersion method and Montmorillonite (MMT) content significantly affected the mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of the composite films. The results showed that mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the nanocomposites were improved in the presence of small amounts (up to 3%) of MMT, while increased montmorillonite percentage in the microcomposite films weakened the mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of these films. Therefore, the use of high power sonication is a suitable method for producing protein-based nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure.}, Keywords = {Barrier properties,Microcomposite,Nanocomposite,Ultrasonic bath,Ultrasonic. Probe}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1523-1530}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7193-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7193-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {BorjianBorojeni, M. and Goli, A. and Gharachourloo, M.}, title = {Effect of Roasted Sesame Oil on Qualitative Properties of Frying Oil during Deep-Fat Frying}, abstract ={In this study, sesame seed was firstly roasted at 216.8°C for 19.3 minutes and its oil was then extracted. Commercial Frying Oil (CFO) was blended by 10, 20, and 30% Roasted Sesame Oil (RSO) and used in deep-fat frying to prepare potato chips. The process was performed daily at 180oC for 1 hour, in five consecutive days. Frying performance of the oils was evaluated by the measurement of parameters such as peroxide value, Oxidative Stability Index (OSI), Total Polar Compounds (TPC) and fatty acids profile. The results showed that roasting had a great positive influence on phenolic compounds content (21 times) and oxidative stability (3.6 times) of sesame oil. During frying, the level of TPC increased significantly as an increasing rate of 27, 22, 21, 23.2, and 29% was obtained for RSO-10%, RSO-20%, RSO-30%, CFO-Tert-ButylHydroQuinone (TBHQ), and CFO, respectively. The OSI significantly decreased and, in the fifth day of frying, CFO-TBHQ had the highest OSI of 10.6 hours followed by RSO-30% (8 hours). By increment in RSO concentration, the antioxidant capacity of frying oils was elevated, although commercial frying oil containing TBHQ exhibited higher activity than RSO-30%.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant,OSI,phenolic compounds,Polar compounds,Tert-butylhydroquinone}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1531-1542}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6445-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6445-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Safary, M. and AmiriChayjan, R.}, title = {Optimization of Almond Kernels Drying under Infrared-vacuum Condition with Microwave Pretreatment using Response Surface Method and Genetic Algorithm}, abstract ={The aim of this study was optimization of almond kernels drying with infrared-vacuum dryer and microwave pretreatment using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The almond kernels were dried as thin layer with air temperatures of 30, 45 and 75°C vacuum pressures of 20, 40 and 60 kPa and microwave powers of 270, 450, and 630W. Design expert software was used to generate the experimental designs, statistical analysis, and regression models. The results showed that the optimum point for drying of almond kernels under infrared-vacuum dryer and microwave pretreatment with RSM method and considering the minimum value of shrinkage, energy consumption, and total color change as well as the maximum value of effective moisture diffusivity can be achieved at air temperature of 45°C, vacuum pressure of 34.04 kPa, and microwave power of 270W with 68% desirability and optimum point with GA method can be obtained at air temperature of 45°C, vacuum pressure of 34.05 kPa and microwave power of 270W.}, Keywords = {Amygdales Communist L,Color change,energy consumption,Moisture diffusivity,Shrinkage}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1543-1556}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4857-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4857-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fazaeli, M. and Emam-djomeh, Z. and Yarmand, M. S.}, title = {Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for Production of Ice Cream Mix Powder Flavored With Black Mulberry Juice}, abstract ={The aim of this work was to optimize the spray drying conditions for the production of ice cream mix powder. A lab-scale spray dryer was employed for the spray drying process, the mix of salep and k-carrageenan was used as stabilizer and black mulberry juice added to ice creams as a natural flavor. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed to examine the influence of inlet air temperature (120, 140, and 160°C), feed flow rate (5, 10, and 15%) and black mulberry concentration (15, 30, and 45%) on drying yield and total anthocyanin content of powders, overrun and melting rate of ice creams prepared from the reconstituted powders. Scanning electron microscope was used for monitoring the structure of the powders. The following optimum process conditions were determined: inlet air temperature of 138 °C, feed flow rate of 8% and juice concentration of 35%. These parameters led to the process yield, total anthocyanin content, overrun and melting rate of 76.14%, 54.11 mg L-1, 74.50%, and 1.52 g min-1, respectively.}, Keywords = {Natural flavor,Salep,SEM,response surface methodology}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1557-1570}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7347-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7347-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kangrang, A. and Jiwlong, W.}, title = {Fuzzy-GA Approach for Estimating Rainfall over Upper Chi-Mun Basins of Thailand}, abstract ={The present study examines the fuzzy sets model for computing rainfall over the Upper Chi-Mun basins in the Northeastern region of Thailand based on historical weather data from five stations’ rain gauges under the radar umbrella, temperature, relative humidity, and radar reflectivity. Data were collected during June 2009 to August 2009 of the rainfall reflectivity record from the Royal Rainmaking Research Centre at Pimai, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, and for the surface rainfall, automatic rain gauges were used. The results showed that the Fuzzy-GAs model could be used effectively to estimate rainfall given only three parameters: temperature, relative humidity and radar reflectivity. Furthermore, the results show that the genetic algorithm calibration provided the optimal conditions of the membership function. The simulation results indicated that the results of the Fuzzy-GA model were close to the observed rainfall data more than the results of a multiple linear regression model for both calibration and validation processes. Consequently, we are confident that a Fuzzy-GA model is a useful tool for estimating rainfall.}, Keywords = {Fuzzy set,Genetic Algorithm,Optimization technique,Radar reflectivity}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1571-1581}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3998-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3998-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Abdelsalam, S. A. and Awad, A.. M. A. and Abdelrahman, M. A. A. and Nasser, M. A. K. and Abdelhamied, N. M. R.}, title = {Antioxidant Defense Response of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae against Secondary Metabolites of the Host Plants Cumin, Anise, and Coriander}, abstract ={The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae is a polyphagous herbivore, attacking apiaceae plants which are rich in defensive secondary metabolites. Thus, M. persicae owns a protective antioxidative response to overcome the host defense. The aim of the present study was to investigate the adaptive antioxidative response of M. persicae against the secondary metabolites of cumin, anise, and coriander. The dietary antioxidants, ascorbic acid and glutathione and enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase within tissues of M. persicae were measured every two weeks during the infestation season. The obtained results show that Anise could be a good recommended host in the beginning of the infestation season because it confers escalading levels of ascorbic acid. Coriander and cumin could be a second choice. The variable levels of enzymatic antioxidants during the season indicate the adaptive responses of M. persicae against the plant defensive secondary metabolites.}, Keywords = {Adaptive responses,Apiaceae,Enzymatic antioxidants,Herbivorous pests}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1583-1592}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4968-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4968-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mokhtar, A. M. and AlNabhani, S. S.}, title = {Distribution of Virachola livia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Eggs and Influence of Conspecific Aggregation and Avoidance Behavior}, abstract ={The oviposition behaviour and distribution of the eggs of carpophagous Virachola livia Klug (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) was studied on pomegranate for six years. Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s mean patchiness regression, and common k proved the aggregated distribution of the eggs on pomegranate fruits. The butterflies tend to oviposit one egg per fruit, indicating the existence of conspecific egg avoidance behaviour. The study showed that the selection of oviposition sites was affected by the part of the fruit body and the cardinal direction of the tree canopy. Results suggest that the oviposition behavior of V. livia and, consequently, the distribution of the eggs may be regulated by the conspecific aggregation and conspecific egg avoidance. It is apparent that the butterfly integrates these two behaviors to maximize the success of its reproduction.}, Keywords = {Conspecific egg avoidance,Pomegranate,Oviposition site,Oman}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1593-1604}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11733-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11733-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, A. and Fathipour, Y. and Askari-Seyahooei, M. and Zeinolabedini, M.}, title = {How Different Populations and Host Plant Cultivars Affect Two-Sex Life Table Parameters of the Date Palm Hopper, Ommatissus lybicus (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae)}, abstract ={Worldwide distribution of the Date Palm Hopper (DPH), Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin along with intensive regional chemical and cultural practices to control this pest provide a basis for development of high genetic divergence. This genetic divergence can result in demographically distinct populations. In this study, the demographic parameters of three genetically diverged Iranian populations of DPH (Bam, Jiroft, and Tezerj) were determined on two date palm cultivars (Berhi and Khunizi). The age-stage, two-sex life table theory was used to unveil biological differences among these populations. All experiments were carried out in a laboratory at 27±2˚C, 65±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L: D) hour. The results revealed significant differences in life history traits and growth parameters of different populations. The shortest development time was observed in the Bam population (75.86 and 85.03 days on Berhi and Khunizi, respectively). The highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were detected in Bam population (0.0377 and 1.0433 per day on Berhi as well as 0.0284 and 1.0288 per day on Khunizi, respectively). Based on these results, we can consider Bam as an aggressive population with higher infestation rate compared with the other populations due to its higher r and λ values as well as shorter mean generation time on both host cultivars. The significant differences in life history traits and variation in population growth parameters may suggest the presence of cryptic species among these populations. It can stem from the high genetic divergence among DPH populations which may be orchestrated by mismanagement of the pest.}, Keywords = {Berhi date,Demographic parameters,Dubas bug,Khunizi date,Insect population growth}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1605-1619}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10007-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10007-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sayar, M. S. and Han, Y.}, title = {Forage Yield Performance of Forage Pea (Pisum sativum spp. arvense L.) Genotypes and Assessments Using GGE Biplot Analysis}, abstract ={This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of forage pea (Pisum sativum spp. arvense L.) genotypes, in terms of fresh forage yield and associated traits, when grown on the Kiziltepe Plain, Mardin, Turkey. Field trials were performed during the 2007-08 and 2009-2010 growing seasons. The experiments were arranged according to randomized block design with three replications. The following trait ranges were reported: Days to 50% flowering: 147.5-162.5 days, Natural plant height and Main Stem Height: 45.58-72.75 cm, Main stem height: 52.52-100.42 cm, Main stem numbers per plant: 1.275-1.658 stems plant-1, Main stem thickness: 2.913-3.703 mm, Fresh forage yield: 10.43-23.83 t ha-1 and Dry matter yield: 2.525-5.891 t ha-1. GGE (i.e., G+GE) biplot analysis showed that the two growing seasons were markedly different,stemming exclusively from differences in rainfall amounts between the two growing seasons. Results of this study showed that the lines 88P00-1-4-9-661 (1) and P101 (6), and cultivar Kirazli (9) were superior in terms of fresh forage yield, dry matter yield, natural plant height and days to 50% flowering traits. At the same time, PC2 scores of these genotypes were found near to zero, so, they were identified as stable genotypes for the investigated traits. In conclusion, in terms of forage yield, these three forage pea genotypes are recommended for the Kiziltepe Plain growing conditions. }, Keywords = {Biplot analysis,Dry matter yield,Forage yield components,Genotype×year interaction,Kiziltepe Plain}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1621-1634}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7105-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7105-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Miranshahi, B. and Sayyari, M.}, title = {Methyl Jasmonate Mitigates Drought Stress Injuries and Affects Essential Oil of Summer Savory}, abstract ={Drought stress reduces growth and productivity of crops in arid and semiarid regions, such as Iran. Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) is involved in regulating plants growth and their immune responses. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of MeJA on growth and some physiological responses of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) plant under drought stress condition. Treatments consisted of three levels of drought stress including stress free conditions, mild stress and severe stress, and four concentrations of MeJA (0, 75, 150, and 225 μM). The results showed that drought stress and MeJA application had a significant effect on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. In drought conditions, some growth parameters, namely, relative water content and essential oil yield decreased and antioxidant activity, proline content, and essential oil percentage increased. The results suggest that MeJA application under drought stress can improve growth parameters as well as relative water content, proline content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil percentage and yield. The best protection appeared to be obtained from plants treated with MeJA at 75 μM.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant activity,Growth parameters,Proline content,Relative water content}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1635-1645}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6851-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6851-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ozkan, Y. and Yildiz, K. and Kucuker, E. and Cekic, C. and Ozgen, M. and Akca, Y.}, title = {Performance of ‘Fuji’ Apple on M.9 Rootstock in Different Tree Training Systems for the First Five Years}, abstract ={The effects of five training systems on tree growth, yield, and some fruit characteristics were assessed for ‘Fuji’ apple grafted on M.9 rootstock for the first five years in Tokat, Turkey. The trees were trained in one of five ways: Slender Spindle (SS, 4762 trees ha-1), Vertical Axis (VA, 2857 trees ha-1), HyTec (HT, 1904 trees ha-1) and two different tree densities of super spindle (L-Sup S with 5,000 trees ha-1; H-Sup S with 10.000 trees ha-1). Trunk Cross-sectional Area (TCA), canopy diameter and canopy volume were higher in low tree density systems (HT and VA) than in high tree density systems (SS, L-Sup S and H-Sup S). Annual and cumulative yields per tree over the first cropping years were higher in VA and HT than in SS, L-Sup S or H-Sup S. Yield per unit area was the highest in H-Sup S in every year due to the higher number of trees per hectare. Yield efficiency (yield cm-2 TCA) was higher in VA and HT than in SS, L Sup S or H-Sup S in every year. HT produced the largest fruit among the training systems in every year. VA had the second largest fruit in 2008, 2010, and 2011.}, Keywords = {HyTec,Fruit weight,Super spindle,Vertical axis,Yield}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1647-1653}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1822-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1822-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Voca, N. and Bilandzija, N. and Jurisic, V. and Matin, A. and Kricka, T. and Sedak, I.}, title = {Proximate, Ultimate, and Energy Values Analysis of Plum Biomass By-products Case Study: Croatia\'s Potential}, abstract ={In many European countries, residues from agricultural products represent a considerable potential for development of bio-energy industry. A significant part of these biomass materials come from the fruit-growing business, i.e., primary fruit production and fruit processing plants. The EU directives require that the disposal of such residues should be environmentally sustainable. The objective of this study was to determine proximate (moisture content, ash, fixed carbon, volatile matter), ultimate (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur) and energy values (higher, lower) of biomass, as well as the Croatian total energy potential generated after the pruning (pruned residues) and processing of plum fruit (stone). Five different plum varieties (Bistrica, Cacanska ljepotica, Cacanska rodna, President, and Stanley), most commonly grown in the territory of Croatia, were analyzed and compared. The analyzed data were compared with the norm CEN/TS 14961 (2005) for solid biofuels and the data from the relevant literature. Both types of investigated biomass proved to be highly valuable sources of energy; and no significant difference between investigated plum varieties were found. Lower heating value, as one of the fundamental parameters of the biomass energy efficiency, averaged in the studied samples: 15.2 MJ kg-1 for plum pits and 17.12 MJ kg-1 for pruned biomass, which classifies plum biomass as a valuable energy raw material. Also, the calculations show that the potential production of the biomass available in Croatia could reach up to 292.13 MJ of renewable "green" energy annually.}, Keywords = {Agricultural residues,Biofuels,Pruned residues,Renewable green energy}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1655-1666}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11653-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11653-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tombesi, S. and Farinelli, D.}, title = {Trunk Constriction Effects on Vegetative Vigour and Yield Efficiency in Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.)}, abstract ={Tree vigour is one of the most important issues in super-high density olive orchards (~1,600 tree ha-1). Tree vigour could be limited by horticultural practices such as pruning and fertilization but such practices have a limited effect and increase growing costs. The aim of this work was to test a new technique based on the application of a constriction to the trunk in order to obstruct the flow of sap in xylem and phloem. To this end, on 5 cultivars trained in a super-high density olive orchard in Central Italy, constrictions were applied by a plastic strap in 2009 and 2010, and were removed at the end of the following year. At the end of the experiment, constricted trees had smaller vegetative growth than the control trees. During the first experiment (2009), in the constriction year, yield efficiency was higher in constricted trees. In the second year, low vigour cultivars (‘Arbequina’, ‘Maurino’ and ‘Moraiolo’) had a consistent reduction of yield, while vigorous cultivars (‘Leccino’ and ‘Frantoio’) had similar yield but a slightly increased yield efficiency. No effect was detected in fruit characteristics, but the oil phenol content was higher in the constricted trees. In the second year experiment (2010), similar results were obtained, but yield efficiency increase and vegetative growth reduction were lighter because the trees were one year older than those of 2009 experiment. Trunk constriction was a successful technique for reducing tree vigour and enhancing tree yield efficiency, especially in vigorous cultivars. }, Keywords = {Arbequina,Hedgerow,Productivity,Wiring}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1667-1680}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11681-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11681-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sabir, A.}, title = {Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Responses of Grapevine cv. \'Italia\' (Vitis vinifera L.) Grafted on Different Rootstocks to Contrasting Soil Water Status}, abstract ={Plant growth and reproductivity of grape cv. 'Italia' subjected to two different irrigation levels in controlled glasshouse were investigated over 2 years. Initially, two years old vines were grafted on 5 BB (V. berlandieri Planch.×V. riparia Michx.), 99 R (V. berlandieri Planch.×V. rupestris Scheele) rootstocks or on its own root system in 40 L pots. During the cultivation, half of the vines of each experimental group were Fully Irrigated (FI: 100% of field capacity) while the others were subjected to continuous Deficit Irrigation (DI: 40% of field capacity). During the study, significant negative effects of DI on plant vegetative development and physiology were observed. The lignified shoot length of vine on 5 BB rootstock decreased by 29.1% under DI as compared to growth under FI. On the other hand, the vine with 99 R rootstock decreased by 18.2% under DI as compared to lignified shoot growth under FI, while a 20.1% decrease occurred for own root (DI vs. FI). Also, DI regime resulted in slight decreases in P, K, and Ca status of leaves, while Zn and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the vines subjected to DI. DI resulted in reduced cluster weight and vine yield in varying degrees with respect to rootstock usage. Under DI condition, the vines on 99 R yielded better than those on 5 BB, but vines on on 5 BB reacted adversely to DI. Considering the overall findings, grapevines cv. 'Italia' on 99 R exhibited higher drought tolerance than 5 BB. Rootstocks had slight impairing effects on physiological traits, yield, and mineral acquisition of grapevine cv. 'Italia' as compared to own-rooted.}, Keywords = {Grapevine,Deficit irrigation,Rootstock,Vitis spp}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1681-1692}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6854-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6854-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hejazi, M. A. and Khoshrouy, R. and HosseinzadehGharajeh, N. and Etemadi, M. R. and Madayen, L. and Javanmard, A.}, title = {Conservation and Biodiversity Analysis of the Microalga Dunaliella in Shrinking Highly Saline Urmia Lake Based on Intron-sizing Method}, abstract ={ As the world’s second saltiest lake, Urmia Lake is the main source of halotolerant unicellular microalga, Dunaliella, in Iran. Recently, this lake and, consequently, its biodiversity are being threatened environmentally. Hence collecting, preserving, and identification of indigenous microorganisms of the lake are of great importance. The objective of the present study was the molecular screening of Dunaliella isolates in Urmia Lake. For this purpose, 32 samples were taken from different geographical regions of the lake. Then, their molecular pattern was examined based on 18S rDNA gene and intron-sizing method. Results based on conserved and species-specific primers of 18S rDNA illustrated that, depending on the various parts of the lake, the genetic variation of Dunaliella population differs. The amplified pattern for individual isolates was similar to that previously described for D. tertiolecta, D. bardawil and Dunaliella sp. ARIINW-M1/2. Also,18S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of five index isolates showed that the isolates Dunaliella sp. ABRIINW-Ch5, -Sh6.3 and -U1/1 were grouped with different intron lacking species of Dunaliella, ABRIINW-Ch3.1 was clustered with Dunaliella sp. ABRIINW-M1/2, while the isolate Dunaliella sp. ABRIINW-S1.5 was clustered with intron-harboring species of D. bardawil, D. parva, and D. viridis. The results indicated that Urmia Lake is composed of isolates with different 18S rDNA profiles with various intron arrangement. }, Keywords = {18S rDNA,Halotolerant unicellular microalga,Molecular screening}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1693-1703}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10939-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10939-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kahriman, F. and Demirel, K. and Inalpulat, M. and Egesel, C. O. and Genc, L.}, title = {Using Leaf Based Hyperspectral Models for Monitoring Biochemical Constituents and Plant Phenotyping in Maize}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to develop and validate qualitative and quantitative models to discriminate different types of maize and also estimate biochemical constituents. Spectral data were taken from the central leaf of randomly-chosen plants grown in field trials in 2011 and 2012. Leaf chlorophyll and protein content and stalk protein content were determined in the same plants. Four different Support Vector Machine (SVM) models were generated and validated in this study. In qualitative models, maize type was designated as dependent variable while Full Spectral (FS) data (400-1,000 nm) and Spectral Indices (SI) data (34 indices/bands) were independent variables. In the two quantitative models (SVMR-FS and SVMR-SI), independent variables were the same, whereas dependent variables were assigned as the quantitatively measured traits. Results showed the qualitative models to be a robust method of classification for distinguishing different maize types, such as High Oil Maize (HOM), High Protein Maize (HPM) and standard (NORMAL) maize genotypes. The SVMC-FS model was superior to SVMC-SI in terms of the genotypic classification of maize plants. Quantitative models with full spectral data gave more robust prediction than the others. The best prediction result (RMSEC= 222.4 µg g-1, R2 for Cal= 0.739, SEP= 213.3 µg g-1; RPD= 2.04 and r= 0.877) was obtained from the SVMR-FS model developed for chlorophyll content. Indirect estimation models, based on relationships between leaf-based spectral measurements and leaf and stalk protein content, were less satisfactory.}, Keywords = {Genotypic classification,Support vector machine,Zea mays}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1705-1718}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1492-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1492-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2016} }