@article{ author = {Mahmoudi, M. and Sahragard, A. and Pezhman, H. and Ghadamyari, M.}, title = {Demographic Analyses of Resistance of Five Varieties of Date Palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. to Ommatissus lybicus De Bergevin (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae)}, abstract ={Demographic analyses of dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin, (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae), reared on five date palm varieties (Zahdi, Mazafati, Piarom, Khasi, and Shahani) were constructed under laboratory conditions at 27±1ºC, 70±5% RH, and a 14:10 hours (L: D) photoperiod. Data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory to take the variable developmental rate among individuals and both sexes into consideration. Results showed that different varieties of date palm influenced development time and fecundity of dubas bug. The total pre-adult developmental time was the shortest on Zahdi (85.21 days) and the longest on Khasi (88.39 days). The longevities of both male and female adults on different varieties were significantly different. The mean fecundity per female was significantly higher on Zahdi (78.62 eggs) and Mazafati (68 eggs) than on Shahani (43.53 eggs) and Khasi (46.32 eggs). The highest and lowest net reproductive rates were obtained on Zahdi (40.58 offspring per individual) and Shahani (16.88 offspring per individual), respectively. The intrinsic rates of increase were 0.0401, 0.0368, 0.0355, 0.0312 and 0.0301 per day on Zahdi, Piarom, Mazafati, Khasi and Shahani, respectively. The mean generation times ranged from 92.78 days reared on Zahdi to 95.25 days on Mazafati. According to results obtained in this study, Shahani and Khasi were the most resistant varieties while Zahdi was the most susceptible variety to dubas bug among the varieties tested.}, Keywords = {Demography,Date palm variety,Dubas bug}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {263-273}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-340-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-340-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Golpour, I. and AmiriChayjan, R. and AmiriParian, J. and Khazaei, J.}, title = {Prediction of Paddy Moisture Content during Thin Layer Drying Using Machine Vision and Artificial Neural Networks}, abstract ={The goal of this study was to predict the moisture content of paddy using machine vision and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The grains were dried as thin layer with air temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C and air velocities of 0.54, 1.18, 1.56, 2.48 and 3.27 ms-1. Kinetics of L*a*b* were measured. The air temperature, air velocity, and L*a*b* values were used as ANN inputs. The results showed that with increase in drying time, L* decreased, but a* and b* increased. The effect of air temperature and air velocity on the L*a*b* values were significant (P< 0.01) and not significant (P> 0.05), respectively. Changing of color values at 80°C was more than other temperatures. The optimized ANN topology was found as 5-7-1 with Logsig transfer function in hidden layer and Tansig in output layer. Mean square error, coefficient of determination, and mean absolute error of the optimized ANN were 0.001, 0.9630, and 0.031, respectively. }, Keywords = {Back propagation neural network,color features,Image processing,Rice}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {287-298}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10165-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10165-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Awan, M.F. and Abass, M. A. and Muzaffar, A. and Ali, A. and Tabassum, B. and Rao, A. Q. and AhmadNasir, I. and Husnain, T.}, title = {Transformation of Insect and Herbicide Resistance Genes in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)}, abstract ={Manipulation of different genes in crop plants to get desirable characters has become an important tool of plant biotechnology. In the current study, cotton variety MNH-786 was modified for its characteristics to show resistance against lepidopteran insects and herbicide by transformation of Cry1Ac+Cry2A and GTGene cloned in a different cassette under 35S Promoter. Mature embryos of cotton MNH-786 were injured by a sharp blade at the shoot apex and infected with the Agrobacterim tumefaciens harboring transgene constructs. Transformed cotton plants were successfully acclimatized in pots and later the green house. Gene specific PCR and ELISA confirmed the transgene presence and its protein expression which was considerably higher in transformed plants. Overall transformation efficiency was 1.05%. All larvae of Helicoverpa armigera feeding on transgenic cotton leaves of T0 were found dead as compared to the control ones feeding on leaves from non-transgenic cotton. Transgenic plants also survived a glyphosate spray dose of 1,900 ml acre-1 as compared to herbs/weeds growing along with them, which burned completely five days post glyphosate application.}, Keywords = {Bt cotton,Glyphosate,Transgenic,Weedicide resistance}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {287-298}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4533-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4533-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Gh. and Ardakani, M. R. and Chaichi, M. R. and Friedel, J. K. and Khavazi, K.}, title = {Effect of Different Fertilizing Treatments on Nutrient Uptake in Annual Medic (Medicago scutellata cv. Robinson) under Irrigated and Dry Farming Systems}, abstract ={To study the effect of different fertilizing systems on macro and micro nutrients uptake by annual medic (Medicago scutellata cv. Robinson) an experiment was conducted under dry farming and irrigated conditions at two research stations (Sararood Dryland Agricultural Research Institute and Soil Fertility Research Station in Mahidasht) during 2009 growing season. The experimental treatments consisted of the two experimental sites with different climatic conditions and cultural systems (dry farming and irrigated systems), while the fertilizer treatments consisted of the control (no fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, biological fertilizer, and different combinations of chemical and biological fertilizing systems. The results showed that, in both irrigated and dry farming conditions, all fertilizing treatments increased macro- and micro-nutrients uptake over the control. The highest concentration of nutrient elements such as Nitrogen (3.82%), Potassium, (4.16 mg kg-1), Iron (495 mg kg-1) and Cu (60.8 mg kg-1) were observed in integrated fertilizing treatments i.e. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria+Triple superphosphate. Application of integrated fertilizing treatments not only decreased the chemical fertilizer application (consequently, reducing the environmental pollutions), but it also enhanced forage quality in terms of higher macro- and micro-nutrients concentrations. According to the results of this study, it could be concluded that integrated fertilizing systems may be more efficient in dry farming agro-ecosystems than in irrigated systems. }, Keywords = {Annual Medic,Biological Fertilizer,Cultivation Systems,Fertilizing systems,Macro and Micro Nutrients}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {299-310}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10126-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10126-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Yang, R. and Yin, Y. and Gu, Z.}, title = {Polyamine Degradation Pathway Regulating Growth and GABA Accumulation in Germinating Fava Bean under Hypoxia-NaCl Stress}, abstract ={In plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized by polyamine degradation pathway besides GABA shunt. Aminoguanidine (AG) is a specific inhibitor of the key enzyme (diamine oxidase, DAO) for GABA formation in polyamine degradation pathway. In this study, AG was applied to study the functions of polyamine degradation pathway on growth and GABA accumulation in germinating fava bean under hypoxia-NaCl stress. The results showed that 5.0 mmol L-1 of AG inhibited DAO activity maximally but not entirely, and inhibited the growth of sprouts simultaneously. Hence, blocking polyamine degradation pathway significantly affected the growth of germinating fava bean. Polyamine degradation pathway provided 26.9 and 29.3% of GABA in cotyledon and embryo, respectively, because DAO activity was not inhibited entirely. Polyamine, especially putrescine (Put), accumulated after polyamine degradation pathway was blocked, indicating that Put was the main substrate of GABA in polyamine degradation pathway.}, Keywords = {Aminoguanidine,Diamine oxidase,Putrescine,γ-aminobutyric acid}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {311-320}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2097-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2097-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Razmjoo, J. and Ghafari, H.}, title = {Response of Durum Wheat to Foliar Application of Varied Sources and Rates of Iron Fertilizers}, abstract ={Iron deficiency in soil reduces the quality of durum wheat leading to Fe deficiency in human. Thus, this experiment investigated the effects of foliar application of nano-iron oxide (2 and 4 g L-1), iron chelate (EDTA), (4 and 8 g L-1), iron sulfate (4 and 8 g L-1), and the control on grain yield and quality, yield components, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of durum wheat D-85-15-5. Iron application increased activities of all leaf enzymes and chlorophyll of leaf, grain protein, iron and carbohydrate contents, grain carbohydrate, protein, iron yields, and grain yield. Iron source had no effects on enzymes activities, but the highest chlorophyll content, grain yield, grain iron (38%) and protein contents (58%), protein, iron, and carbohydrate yields were produced by application of 2 g L-1 of nano-iron oxide followed by 8 g L-1 iron sulfate. Harvest index, 1,000 gain-weight, and chlorophyll, grain yield, grain iron and protein contents, protein, iron, and carbohydrate yields increased. But, these parameters decreased at the higher rate of nano-iron oxide. Application of 2 g L-1 nano-iron oxide was more effective than the other Fe sources and rates, and is suggested for durum wheat production.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant enzymes,Chlorophyll content,Iron content,Protein content,Yield}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {321-331}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10390-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10390-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Zaghari, M. and Avazkhanllo, M. and Ganjkhanlou, M.}, title = {Reevaluation of Male Broiler Zinc Requirement by Dose-Response Trial Using Practical Diet with Added Exogenous Phytase}, abstract ={Some reports indicate a wide range for Zn requirements for broiler chickens i.e. from 10.6 to 105 mg kg-1. A number of factors other than dietary Zn concentration determine the need for supplementation, principally dietary phytate. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was reevaluation of the zinc requirement for broiler, fed practical diet supplemented with phytase in a dose-response trial. A total of 768 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used. Basal corn-soy diet deficient in Zn was supplemented with experimental diets for making 16 dietary treatments. Experimental design was a completely randomized design in a 4×4 factorial arrangement. Factors included four levels of dietary zinc (24, 54, 84 and 114 mg kg-1) and phytase (0, 100, 200, 300 FTU kg-1). Treatments were replicated four times and each had 12 birds. Linear and nonlinear functions were derived for graded levels of zinc and phytase. Results indicated that effect of dietary zinc on body weight at 42 days of age was significant (P< 0.01). The fitted quadratic model estimated 66.7, 64.8, and 60.1 mg kg-1 zinc requirement for body weight at 28, 35, and 42 days of age, respectively (P< 0.001), while the fitted two slope broken line estimated 53.5, 53.8 and 57.4 mg kg-1 zinc requirement for body weight at the same ages, respectively (P< 0.002). Zinc equivalence value of phytase was estimated to be 0.225 mg kg-1 FTU-1 and added phytase increased liver zinc storage too (P< 0.01). Estimated zinc requirement for body weight by using practical high phytate diet, low availability source of Zn, and exogenous phytase was lower than Ross 308 recommendation (60 vs 100 mg kg-1).}, Keywords = {Broiler chickens,Phytase,Practical diet,Requirement,Zinc}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {333-343}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3570-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3570-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hashemzadeh, F. and Rahimi, S. and KarimiTorshizi, M. A. and Masoudi, A. A.}, title = {Usage of Green Fluorescent Protein for Tracing Probiotic Bacteria in Alimentary Tract and Efficacy Evaluation of Different Probiotic Administration Methods in Broilers}, abstract ={Lactobacilli, like the other gut commensal bacteria, are well known for their use in poultry nutrition and for their probiotic properties. However, little is known about their interaction with the gastro-intestinal tract when administered in vivo. To specifically monitor the passage of lactobacilli after administered in hatchery, Lactobacillus plantarum was transformed with the recombinant vector pLEM415::gfp. A total of 200 one-day old chicks (ROSS 308) were assigned to five experimental groups including the control and four in-hatchery probiotic administration method groups comprised of in ovo injection, oral gavage, spray, and vent lip application. At 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-probiotic administration, 6 chicks were sacrificed from each group. Adhered bacteria were sampled from intestinal sections. Polymerize chain reaction (PCR) was used to trace the transformed L. plantarum in the alimentary tract of the birds. The GFP transformed bacteria were detected in intestinal samples of oral gavage, spray, and in ovo injection groups; while in vent lip method no GFP transformed bacteria were detectable. Oral gavage method of probiotic administration was the most effective route, which seemed to be the result of direct delivery of the full dose of probiotic microorganisms into the target sites. Based on the results of this trial, administration of probiotic in hatchery had a positive effect on the morphology of the intestine and in ovo injection route, and oral gavage method seemed to be more effective. In this experiment, the utility of transformed probiotic bacteria with GFP was shown to monitor the fate of the probiotics when administered via various routes to poultry. }, Keywords = {Broiler,Labeling,Poultry,Polymerize Chain Reaction,probiotic}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {345-356}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6434-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6434-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hamzeh, A. and Moslemi, M. and Karaminasab, M. and Khanlar, M. A. and Faizbakhsh, R. and BatebiNavai, M. and Tahergorabi, R.}, title = {Amino Acid Composition of Roe from Wild and Farmed Beluga Sturgeon (Huso huso)}, abstract ={Caviar is one of the valuable and most popular fish products all over the world that are obtained from sturgeons. Nowadays, the wild resources of these fishes are diminished, therefore, to meet the demand for the product, farming sturgeons has been considered. The chemical composition and the amino acids profiles of the wild and farmed roe obtained from beluga (Huso huso) were compared and the results have indicated that the amount of glutamine, serine, alanine, methionine, and lysine in the wild roe were higher than the farmed one (P< 0.05). The total amino acids (TAAs) and the ratio of essential amino acids (EAAs) to TAAs and EAAs to non-essential amino acids (N-EAAs) in the samples from the wild and farmed roe were similar (P> 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and chemical score in farmed and wild roe were also similar (P> 0.05). The results showed that the farmed roe was similar to the wild one based on chemical composition, chemical score, PER, EAAs/TAAs and EAAs/N-EAAs. According to the results, farmed roe can be a good substitution for wild beluga roe (Huso huso).}, Keywords = {Caviar,Beluga,Amino acid,Chemical score}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {357-364}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2037-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2037-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Aghamirzaei, M. and Peighambardoust, S. H. and Azadmard-Damirchi, S. and Majzoobi, M.}, title = {Effects of Grape Seed Powder as a Functional Ingredient on Flour Physicochemical Characteristics and Dough Rheological Properties}, abstract ={In this study, the effects of incorporating grape seed powder (GSP) on flour physicochemical properties i.e. particle size, crude protein, fiber, wet gluten and gluten quality (Zeleny test), and dough rheological properties were investigated. Increasing incorporation levels of GSP from 5 to 25% (w/w flour basis) led to an increase in the amount of fat, total phenol, and total dietary fiber; whereas total protein, wet gluten, and Zeleny values of the flour blends decreased. The results of farinograph test indicated a reduction in water absorption, stability, and farinograph quality number by increasing the concentration of GSP in the flours. Addition of GSP to wheat flour increased degree of softening and mixing tolerance of dough, while arrival time was slightly affected. Incorporation level below 10% (w/w) showed no negative effect of grape seed on dough rheological performance. There was a good potential in increasing nutritional and health value of bread by incorporating GSP, while keeping attention on the negative effects of the higher concentrations of GSP. }, Keywords = {Farinograph,Omega-3 fatty acids,Rheology,Wheat Flour,Zeleny values}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {365-373}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1326-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1326-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {IzadiNajafabadi, L. and Hamdami, N. and Le-Bail, A. and Monteau, J. Y. and Keramat, J.}, title = {Impact of Baking Bed and Baking Temperature on Staling of Sangak Bread}, abstract ={The mode of heat and mass transfer during baking of bakery products is an important factor determining the quality of the final product. The heating rate could alter the starch properties during gelatinization and affect the quality of products after baking and during aging. Sangak is a kind of Iranian flat bread baked on the hot pebble gravels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of baking beds (gravel and metal beds) and baking temperatures (280, 310 and 340°C) on staling of Sangak bread during storage at 20°C. The mean value of the measured heating rate of bread baked on gravel bed was higher than that in bread baked on metal bed. In the case of baking on gravel bed, unlike baking on the metal bed, the increase of baking temperature had no significant effect on all quality parameters (moisture content, firmness and freezable water of breads, etc). Recrystallization of amylopectin seemed not to be related to the baking condition. During aging, the firmness of bread baked on gravel bed was significantly lower than that for bread baked on the metal bed and baking at higher temperature and shorter time resulted in the increment of moisture content and the decrease of firmness. As a consequence, baking on gravels and higher baking temperature increased the heating rate, which led to reduction of the staling kinetic of Sangak bread.}, Keywords = {Amylopectin retrogradation,Bread Firmness,Freezable water,Heating rate,Unfreezable water}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {375-386}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1484-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1484-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Güder, A. and Gür, M. and Engin, M. S.}, title = {Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus Linn.) Fruit and Their Chemical Composition}, abstract ={Bilberry [Vaccinium myrtillus Linn. (Ericaceae)] fruit (VMF) has been traditionally used for treatment of bladder stones, biliary disorders, scurvy, coughs, and lung tuberculosis. VMF may have some pharmaceutical properties owing to these uses, but in vivo and in vitro studies are limited for clarification of medicinal activity and its antidiabetic and antioxidant properties are not investigated in detail. Anti-amylase, anti-glucosidase, and antioxidant activities of methanol (ME), ethanol (EE), acetone (AE), and water (WE) extracts of VMF were investigated. In addition, some chemical compositions were determined by using spectrophotometric methods. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of extracts were studied by using different tests such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, total antioxidant, DPPH scavenging activities according to in vitro methods at different concentrations (10-250 μg mL-1). Compared with the standards, ME, WE, and EE showed strong total antioxidant activities with IC50 (μg/mL) values of 24.46±0.34, 25.24±0.78, and 27.48±0.60, respectively. At the same time, ME (IC50 61.38±1.40 μg mL-1) and EE (IC50 65.52±1.19 μg mL-1) demonstrated very effective inhibitory activity against α-amylase and moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. All extracts also showed high reducing power, metal chelating activity, superoxide anion, DPPH radical, and H2O2 scavenging activities. Important relationships were found between biological activity and chemical composition by statistical analyses. The VMF can be used as an antidiabetic and antioxidant source in medicinal and pharmaceutical areas due to its chemical composition. Anthocyanin contents may influence the anti-amylase inhibition activity more than phenolic and flavonoid contents.}, Keywords = {Alpha-amylase,Anthocyanin,Glucosidase inhibition,Flavonoid,Phenol}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {387-400}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8721-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8721-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Enshaeieh, M. and Abdoli, A. and Madani, M.}, title = {Single Cell Oil (SCO) Production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Its Environmental Benefits}, abstract ={ Microbial oil has high similarity to the oil obtained from plants and animals. They are renewable sources that can be used for different purposes such as production of biofuels. Biofuels are renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic, which makes them highly environmentally friendly. Producing oil from yeasts has more advantages than that from plants. Accordingly, isolation of oleaginous yeasts with high ability of lipid production is highly valuable. A total of 138 yeasts were isolated for the purpose of this study. From this amount, 35 were capable of producing lipid. After extracting lipid, the best strain was selected and, by using PCR method, identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Optimization was done using the design of experiments; Qualitek-4 (W32b) software was used for analyzing the experimental data. According to the results, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa proved to comprise lipid, dry biomass, and lipid productivity at levels of 10.97 g L -1, 18.84 g L-1, and 58.2% in optimized conditions, respectively. Lipid content on corn stalk and wheat straw hydrolysate was 36.9 and 41.8%, respectively. The extracted lipid was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study showed high potential of lipid production in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and also high efficiency of using Taguchi design in optimization of medium condition; therefore, by using this method, the optimization process can be done as best as possible. The economic values of microbial lipid production become more favorable when waste materials with zero or negative economic value are utilized as carbon source. Using bioprocesses such as microbial lipid production from waste materials, the problem of shortage of energy resources, and also air pollutions caused by fossil fuels, could be eliminated. }, Keywords = {Air pollution,Biofuels,Microbial lipid}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {387-400}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2745-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2745-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Salehi, H. and Bahadoran, M.}, title = {Growth and Flowering of Two Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Cultivars under Deficit Irrigation by Saline Water}, abstract ={Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is one of the most important bulbous ornamental crops of tropical and subtropical areas. The objective of the present study was to determine the interaction effects of salinity and irrigation intervals on growth and flowering of two important commercial cultivars (‘Mahallati’ and ‘Dezfuli’) of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Irrigation treatments consisted of four irrigation intervals 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, and salinity treatments in the irrigation water were EC values of 0.7 (control), 1.9, 3.1, and 4.3 dS m-1. This research was carried out in a complete randomized design with factorial arrangement. It can be concluded that tuberose is sensitive to water and salinity stress. In both cultivars of tuberose, vegetative and reproductive parameters were unfavorably affected by these stresses. However, ‘Mahallati’ was more sensitive to those stresses than ‘Dezfuli’. Further investigations are needed to clarify in depth the mechanism of tuberose sensitivity to the studied environmental stresses at both molecular and ultra-structural levels.}, Keywords = {Abiotic stress,Bulbous plant,Cut flower,Water management}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {415-426}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11630-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-11630-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Najafzadeh, R. and Arzani, K.}, title = {Superior Growth Characteristics, Yield, and Fruit Quality in Promising European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Chance Seedlings in Iran}, abstract ={Selection of superior chance seedling genotypes is an important task in pear breeding programs. This research was carried out in order to explore and evaluate some of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) chance seedling genotypes that are primarily used as rootstock for the Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) in Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Asian Pear Collection Orchard. After four years visual observations of the genotypes, the evaluation process started on the pre-selected genotypes in order to identify the superior promising individuals during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Selected chance seedling genotypes were A95, A101, A189, A195, and A374. A local commercial cultivar `Shahmiveh’ was used as a reference and labeled as A238 in the evaluation program database. Results showed significant differences among the studied genotypes in most of the evaluated characters. Among the studied genotypes, genotype A95 showed indications of appropriate fruit physicochemical properties and higher fruit quality compared with the reference cultivar. Good fruit aroma as well as a reddish background skin color, highest acidity and lowest pH among the examined genotypes were other superior characters of A95. Based on the measured characters compared with `Shahmiveh' as a good reference commercial Iranian pear cultivar, we conclude that A95 showed superiority and higher rank in flavor, fruit color, and attractiveness. Also, this promising genotype showed a good productivity potential in terms of producing higher yield with a suitable supporting vigor. Further research on the standard rootstocks within the TMU pear breeding program will continue in the framework of final new cultivar release program.}, Keywords = {Fruit physicochemical characteristics,Morphological characteristics,Pear breeding program,Promising pear genotype}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {427-442}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3673-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3673-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Bakooie, M. and Pourjam, E. and Mahmoudi, S. B. and Safaie, N. and Naderpour, M.}, title = {Development of an SNP Marker for Sugar Beet Resistance/Susceptible Genotyping to Root-Knot Nematode}, abstract ={ Linked and/or gene-based molecular markers have been used widely in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to differentiate resistant and susceptible genotypes. Resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in Beta vulgaris L. is mediated by a single dominant gene (R6m-1). Using allele-specific primers (ASPs), an SNP marker harboring a single nucleotide polymorphism (A/G), linked to the resistance gene was developed to differentiate resistant genotypes. The differentiation among the resistant and susceptible genotypes was elucidated in the polymorphic bands of 555, 478 and 124 bp in size, using PCR amplification. The genotyping data using the SNP marker was firmly associated with the bioassay evaluation in the greenhouse for 100 sugar beet genotypes. This data indicated that the present robust marker allowed reliable, sensitive, faster, and cheaper large scale screening of B. vulgaris genotypes for nematode resistance breeding programs.}, Keywords = {Beta vulgaris,Meloidogyne spp,Selection,SNP marker}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {443-454}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2636-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2636-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Babic, V. and Vančetović, J. and Prodanović, S. and Kravić, N. and Babić, M. and Anđelković, V.}, title = {Numerical Classification of Western Balkan Drought Tolerant Maize (Zea mays L.) Landraces}, abstract ={Global warming and predictions of climatic changes additionally put breeding for drought tolerance in the focus of breeding programmes for maize. Extensive studies on the existing gene bank collection of the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje“ have been performed with the aim to identify and form initial sources for the development of maize inbreds more tolerant to drought. All accessions (about 6,000) were exposed to controlled drought stress in Egypt. Out of this number, approximately 8% of the tested genotypes were selected. In this study attention was given to 321 selected Western Balkan maize landraces, adapted to temperate climate growing conditions and the day length. Data derived from morphological characterization according to CIMMYT/IBPGR descriptors for maize, along with the application of numerical classification methods, were used to define homogeneous landraces groups based on morphological similarities. Results obtained from hierarchical and non-hierarchical analyses revealed the formation of 11 divergent groups. According to the obtained grain yield and visually scored stalk lodging and stay green, approximately 15% of the accessions from each of 11 groups were selected. Further investigations are towards defining their heterotic patterns and their possible utilization in developing and improving synthetic populations. }, Keywords = {Correspondence analysis,discriminant analysis,Homogenous groups}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {455-468}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4971-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4971-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Chen, G. H. and Yan, W. and Yang, S. P. and Wang, A. and Gai, J. Y. and Zhu, Y. L.}, title = {Overexpression of Rice Phosphate Transporter Gene OsPT2 Enhances Tolerance to Low Phosphorus Stress in Soybean}, abstract ={Low phosphorous (P) availability in soils limits production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] around the world. This study was conducted to determine whether exogenous expression of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) phosphates transporter gene OsPT2 would increase inorganic phosphates (Pi) acquisition and improve yield in transgenic soybean. Cotyledonary-node explants of the soybean were inoculated with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the vector pCAMBIA3301-OsPT2, which contained OsPT2, gus and bar genes. Ten fertile T0 transgenic plants were obtained and semi-quantitative RT-PCR of progenies demonstrated that OsPT2 gene was overexpressing in the T2 generation. Three T2 transgenic lines overexpressing OsPT2 were selected and subjected to testing for tolerance to low concentrations of Pi (low-Pi; 20 μM Pi) by hydroponic culture using modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution. The total P contents in the leaves, stems, roots, and seeds of the transgenic plants significantly increased under the concentrations of low-Pi and 1,000 μM Pi of standard Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Under low-Pi stress, the yields of the transgenic lines were significantly higher than those of the wild type. Taken together, our data suggest that the overexpression of OsPT2 in transgenic soybean lines improves Pi acquisition and seed yield, and OsPT2 may serve as one of the promising target genes that can be manipulated in crop improvement for minor use of Pi fertilizers.}, Keywords = {Glycine max,Transgenic plants}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {469-482}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8028-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8028-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Murshed, R. and Najla, S. and Albiski, F. and Kassem, I. and Jbour, Mouwafak and Al-Said, Heb}, title = {Using Growth Parameters for In-vitro Screening of Potato Varieties Tolerant to Salt Stress}, abstract ={Salt stress negatively impacts crops yield throughout the world. Nine varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were screened for salt stress tolerance by measuring in-vitro growth of the aerial plant parts, as well as roots. Salt stress was evaluated by adding 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200 mM of NaCl to Murashige- Skoog (MS) medium and compared to MS medium without NaCl. Plant length and stem thickness, leaf area, roots number, length, and thickness, and plant fresh and dry weights were measured. Osmotic pressure (Ψmedium, MPa) and electrical conductivity (ECmedium, mS cm-1) of media ranged from −0.2 to −0.91 MPa and 5.8 to 24 mS cm-1, respectively. Salt stress adversely affected the plant growth, and varieties differed in their responses. Progressive reduction in the studied parameters occurred as NaCl levels increased. Grouping all the varieties by cluster analysis, based on the growth parameters response to salt stress, resulted in three distinct groups: (1) salt tolerant group of two varieties, namely, Taurus and Sultana; (2) moderately salt tolerant group of four varieties, namely, Loane, Diamant, Amarin, and Sylvana; and (3) salt sensitive group of three varieties, namely, Toscana, Soraya, and Kenita. The response variation of these potato varieties under NaCl indicated the possibility of using them for developing salt tolerant varieties for production in Syria.}, Keywords = {In-vitro culture,NaCl,Salinity tolerance,Solanum tuberosum}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {483-494}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2643-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2643-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Amulu, L. U. and Adekunle, O. K.}, title = {Comparative Effects of Poultry Manure, Cow Dung, and Carbofuran on Yield of Meloidogyne incognita-Infested Okra}, abstract ={The effects of poultry manure and cow dung in comparison with the nematicide, carbofuran on the yield of okra infested with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Race 2 were investigated. Two plots of 17×11 m, each naturally infested with the mentioned nematode, were selected for the study. Treatments were poultry manure and cow dung each at the rates of 5 and 10 t ha-1, carbofuran 3G at the rates of 1.5 and 3.0 kg ai ha-1, and a control. One week after application, okra seeds were sown at two seeds per hole and thinned to one plant, one week after planting. Number of pods, cumulative weight of okra pods, root gall-index, soil chemical properties, and soil nematode densities in soil were determined at the beginning and end of the study. The results showed that the highest rates of poultry manure, cow dung, and carbofuran significantly (P≤ 0.05) reduced root gall-index and nematode population density in soil and correspondingly increased fruit yield in comparison to those at lower rates and the control. The results of this study suggest that incorporation of poultry manure or cow dung in nematode-infested field has the potentials to suppress nematode population and reduce nematode damage on okra. }, Keywords = {Nematode population,Root gall-index,Root-knot nematode}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {495-504}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9428-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-9428-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Dehariya, K. and Shukla, A. and Sheikh, I. A. and Vyas, D.}, title = {Trichoderma and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Based Biocontrol of Fusarium udum Butler and Their Growth Promotion Effects on Pigeon Pea}, abstract ={The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of individual and co-inoculation of Trichoderma species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth, mycorrhization, population of Trichoderma, and wilt disease severity in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L Millsp). Three species of Trichoderma, namely, T. harzianum (Th), T. virens (Tr), and T. viride (Tv) and consortium of AMF (Myc; mixture of Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus cerebriforme, Rhizophagus irregularis) individually (Th, Tr, Tv and Myc) and in different combinations (Th+Myc,Tr+Myc and Tv+Myc) were tested. Among all the treatments, co-inoculation of Th and Myc gave highest growth and reduced severity of wilt disease of pigeon pea significantly (P< 0.05). Mycalone was sufficient for growth promotion but it was effective in terms of disease suppression when inoculated before pathogen. Fusarium reduced the shoot length, dry weight, phosphorus (P) uptake of plants, AMF colonization, spore density, and population of Trichoderma. Results clearly showed that different species of Trichoderma produced varied results with Myc.}, Keywords = {Colony forming unit,Hyperparasitism,Phytoparasitism}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {505-517}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2021-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2021-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Li, Y. K. and Li, B. and Guo, W. Z. and Wu, X. P.}, title = {Effects of Nitrogen Application on Soil Nitrification and Denitrification Rates and N2O Emissions in Greenhouse}, abstract ={Nitrous oxide (N2O) has significant impact on global warming and leads to the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Agricultural soil is regarded as a major source of N2O emissions. In recent years, greenhouse grown vegetables have rapidly developed in China. Although excessive fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable production can result in increased N2O emissions, research data on such emissions from greenhouse vegetables, such as cucumber, remains limited. In this study, four nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments including 1,200 (N1200, traditional N amount), 900 (N900), and 600 kg N ha-1 (N600) and the control (N0) were carried out on cucumber in a greenhouse in the North China Plain. Results showed that N2O emissions mainly occurred in the first five days after topdressing, and accounted for 75.8%-95.2% of total N2O emissions produced in the whole interval (10 days). Significant exponential correlations were observed between N2O flux and nitrification or denitrification rates (P< 0.01). The results also indicated that nitrification dominated and played a more important role in N2O emissions than denitrification under the irrigation conditions of the study (water-filled pore spacewas 40.0 to 66.6%). Cumulative N2O emissions were 0.48-5.01 kg N ha-1 in the cucumber growing season, accounting for 0.28-0.38% of nitrogen input. Compared to N1200, treatment N600 significantly reduced the rate of N2O emissions by 53.4%, and also maintained cucumber yield. Based on this study, 50% of the traditional N fertilizer rate (N600) was considered sustainable for greenhouse cucumber production in the North China Plain.}, Keywords = {Cucumber,Environmental factor,Nitrogen fertilizer,N2O flux. Soil NO3-N}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {519-530}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4149-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4149-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2015} }