@article{ author = {Salami, H. and SadatBarikani, H. and NooriNaeini, M. S.}, title = {Can Agriculture Be Considered a Key Sector for Economic Development in an Oil Producing Country? The Case of Iran}, abstract ={In the light of the 2008 World Development Report, this paper revisits the impact of agriculture on overall economic growth, in the case of an oil producing country, using indices of intersectoral linkages. To this end, four input-output tables of Iran’s economy are utilized. The results support the importance of the agricultural sector in stimulating the economic growth of Iran, but also show that the manufacturing sector has a higher potential to increase domestic production through its intersectoral linkage effects. Consequently, the results provide a caveat to the recommended general policy of the World Bank that the agricultural sector can be considered a key sector for the economic development in developing countries, at least in an oil producing country like Iran.}, Keywords = {IRAN,Agriculture,Economic development,Forward and backward linkages,Inputoutput}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5378-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5378-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Zamani-Miandashti, N. and Malek-Mohammadi, I.}, title = {Effectiveness of Agricultural Human Resource Development Interventions in Iran (Three Cases in Fars Province)}, abstract ={Literature review indicates that systemic agricultural Human Resource Development (HRD) interventions are rarely carried out in developing countries, and limited knowledge exists about how successful they have been. A comparative study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of three multi-project HRD interventions including Extension Plans, Adaptation Plans and Diffusion-Push Plans in Fars Province of Iran, and to determine factors correlated with their effectiveness. The research population consisted of 41 target farmers of HRD interventions, whom were all interview surveyed. 41 farmers were also randomly selected from non-plan partners of the same communities as the comparison group. Data were gathered through two separate questionnaires. Face validity was verified by a panel of experts, and reliability was obtained through pilot test. Wilcoxon Test revealed significant differences in HRD levels of interventions partners, before and after the programs, and Mann-Whitney Test showed significant differences between HRD levels of partners and non-partners. Statistically significant correlations were observed between some variables such as supportive environment or plans characteristics and plan effectiveness. The results could improve the understanding of HRD effectiveness and its influencing factors.}, Keywords = {Adaptation plans,Agricultural human resource development,Diffusion-Push Plans,Effectiveness,Extension plans}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-25}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8214-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8214-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Omid, M. H. and Akbari, M. and Zarafshani, K. and Eskandari, Gh. H. and Fami, H. Sh.}, title = {Factors Influencing the Success of Water User Associations in Iran: A Case of Moqan, Tajan, and Varamin}, abstract ={The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to determine problems and success factors among members of Water User Associations (WUAs) in Moqan, Tajan and Varamin areas in northern Iran. The population consisted of farmers who were members of Water User Associations (N= 2,500). Using simple random sampling procedure, 262 farmers were selected for the study. A researcher made structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Exploratory factor analysis revealed six factor solutions explaining 78% of variance in problems faced by members in WUAs. Problems common in all three regions were: Dissatisfaction of member farmers towards PIM, network ineffectiveness, inequitable distribution of water, lack of trust towards managers, lack of government support, and lack of in group coherence. Moreover, success determinants were factor analyzed using Varimax method. Common factors explaining success mechanisms in all three regions were elimination of administrative and technical problems, canal rebuilding and restoring, farmers’ education, fee collection, and farmers’ legal rights. These factors accounted for 74 percent of the variance in the success of Water Users Associations. The result of this study has implications for water management practitioners in Iran. If Water Users Associations are to take over government-based irrigation networks, farmer members should be provided with clear objectives inherent in PIM as well as sufficient support after the takeover. In addition, clear national policy along with legal basis and functional irrigation facilities warrant attention.}, Keywords = {Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT),Irrigation networks,Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM),Water User Association}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-36}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1421-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1421-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Abdollahzadeh, G. and Kalantari, Kh. and Asadi, A. and Fisher, R. and DaneshvarAmeri, Zh.}, title = {Spatial Patterns of Agricultural Development: Application of the Composite Index Approach (A Case Study of Fars Province)}, abstract ={The interest for the spatial dimensions of agricultural development has been recently increased. This paper aimed at redefining the spatial patterns of agriculture to formulate appropriate strategies based on regional potentials. A Composite Agricultural Development Indicator (CADI), which is useful for the identification of spatial structure, has been developed. The developed composite Index (CI) includes five dimensions of Agricultural Development: (1) social-cultural, (2) structural-farming, (3) technical-management, (4) economical-financial, and (5) infrastructural-services and consists of 87 indicators selected at the county level. Indicators were normalized according to a coherent framework and using the division by means technique and were combined via weightings derived from Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The evaluation of agricultural development based on desired CADI was used to map the spatial development patterns at county level. Province counties are compared and ranked in order to show the spatial gap between them. Then, spatial development patterns were divided into three zones based on CADI. Results showed that the nature of spatial agricultural development firstly depends on the service and infrastructural development and secondly on utilization of natural and physical endowments.}, Keywords = {Agricultural development,Agricultural development indicators,Agricultural spatial development,Composite index,Spatial patterns}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-64}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5983-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5983-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Malek-Saeidi, H. and Rezaei-Moghaddam, K. and Ajili, A.}, title = {Professionals’ Attitudes Towards Organic Farming: The Case of Iran}, abstract ={Organic farming as an approach to sustainable agriculture tries to decrease environmental problems and possible health hazards caused by the residues from pesticides. Since the agricultural professionals are responsible to inform the farmers and the public by education and extension efforts, it is necessary to understand their attitudes. The main purpose of this research was to investigate factors influencing agricultural professionals’ attitudes towards organic farming. We used a survey research by questionnaire in Fars province (a southern province in Iran) to collect data from 138 agricultural professionals in autumn 2007. Major independent variables in the study were knowledge of organic farming, general attitude towards the environment, social norm about organic farming, moral norm about organic farming, nutrient attitude, health attitude, perceived transitional difficulty and negative attitude towards conventional agriculture. The findings showed that negative attitude towards conventional agriculture, general attitude towards the environment, perceived transitional difficulty and moral norm had significant and direct effects on attitude towards organic farming. Negative attitude towards conventional agriculture had the most direct effect. As it was expected, the perceived transitional difficulty had a negative effect on attitude towards organic farming.}, Keywords = {Agricultural professionals,Attitude towards organic farming,Environment,Knowledge,Moral norm,Social norm}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-64}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2119-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2119-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ghorbani, Z. and Hemmat, A. and Masoumi, A. A.}, title = {Physical and Mechanical Properties of Alfalfa Grind as Affected by Particle Size and Moisture Content}, abstract ={Physical and mechanical properties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) grind are required for optimum design of equipment used in transporting, processing and storage of the material. This study was conducted to determine the effect of particle size (2.38, 3.36 and 4.76 mm) and moisture content (8, 9.3 and 11% wb) on some physical and mechanical properties of alfalfa grind. These properties include: geometric mean diameter, bulk density, coefficient of static friction (on galvanized iron, Plexiglass, rubber and polished steel surfaces), filling angle of repose, coefficient of internal friction, cohesion, and adhesion to polished steel plate. The bulk density varied from 161.6 to 202.2 kg m-3. The coefficient of static friction changed from 0.26 on polished steel plate to 0.87 on rubber surface. Larger particles with higher moisture content had the highest filling angle of repose (54.5°). The coefficient of internal friction varied from 0.64 to 0.88. The 2.38-mm alfalfa grind at moisture content of 11% (wb), and the 4.76-mm at moisture content of 8% (wb) had the highest and lowest cohesion (7.65 and 4.80 kPa), respectively. The adhesion on polished steel plate varied from 0.19 to 1.54 kPa.}, Keywords = {Alfalfa grind,Bulk density,Coefficient of static friction,Cohesion}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-76}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3546-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-3546-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Sheibani, S. and Ghadiri, H.}, title = {Integration Effects of Split Nitrogen Fertilization and Herbicide Application on Weed Management and Wheat Yield}, abstract ={A field study was conducted to determine the integration of split N fertilization and herbicide application on weed management and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in Shiraz, Iran, in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 growing seasons. The experimental design was split plot with four replications. Main factors consisted of N timing and splitting, and sub plots included iodosulfuron–methyl–sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium, solfosulfuron and two weedy and weed free controls. Compared with the weedy check, iodosulfuron–methyl–sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium and solfosulfuron reduced weed biomass by 66% in 2005/06 and 55% in 2006/07, 37% in 2005/06 and 45% in 2006/07, respectively. In all herbicide treatments applied in both years, the highest (353.6 kg h-1 in 2005/06 and 224.1 kg h-1 in 2006/07) and the lowest (65.6 kg h-1 in 2005/06, and 24.0 kg h-1 in 2006/07) weed biomass were obtained from the full N (304 kg urea ha-1) application at tillering stage and zero N application at sowing and stem elongation stages T1N0, T2N1, T3N0 and no N fertilization at sowing, tillering and stem elongation stages T1N0, T2N0 and T3N0. Nitrogen use efficiency of the crop increased when N was split. Consequently, wheat LAI and grain yield increased. However, in the presence of weeds, both LAI and grain yield increases were lower. The results of the present study showed that integration of N and herbicide treatments caused even a higher increase in wheat LAI and grain yield, but resulted in a higher reduction in weed biomass when compared with either treatment alone. N splitting of T1N½, T2N½ and T3N0 increased wheat grain yield (61% in 2005/06 and 75% in 2006/07), biological yield (76% in 2005/06, 94% in 2006/07), and LAI (62% in 2005/06 and 2006/07). In conclusion, weed control was essential for efficient use of N fertilizer by the crop. Therefore, in order to increase wheat grain yield, integration of split N and herbicide is recommended for the region. The results of this study showed that N splitting treatments of T1N½, T2N½, T3N0 and iodosulfuron–methyl–sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium had the best efficiency in terms of weed control in wheat.}, Keywords = {Herbicide,Nitrogen splitting,Nitrogen timing,Weed control,Wheat yield}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {77-86}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6056-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6056-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Jalali, A. H. and Bahrani, M. J. and kazemeini, A. R.}, title = {Weed Nitrogen Uptake as Influenced by Nitrogen Rates at Early Corn (Zea mays L.) Growth Stages}, abstract ={The effect of nitrogen (N) levels on N uptake by high weed densities at early growth stages of corn (Zea mays L., CV. Double Cross 370) was investigated for two years (2008-2009) at the Agricultural Research Station of Shiraz University. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot arrangement in the randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Two levels of weed control (weedy and weed free) and three levels of preplanting N (0, 50, and 90 kg ha-1) were employed as main and subplots, respectively. One month after crop sowing, total weed species were determined and shoot dry weights of both corn and weeds were measured. The highest weed biomass and N uptake by weeds were obtained from the application of 50 kg N ha-1. In the first year of the study, average N content of weed seedlings grown at any rates were not significantly different, whereas in the second year, N content of the weeds in the zero N plot was 31 and 39 % less than the weeds grown in 50 and 90 kg N ha-1 applied plots, respectively. Higher uptake of N by weeds, especially redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) at the early corn growth stage is an important issue for crop-weed competition.}, Keywords = {Corn,Nitrogen uptake,Redroot pigweed,Weed}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {87-93}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4829-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4829-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ghorbani, Sh. and Kamali, M. A. and Abbasi, M. A. and Ghafori-Kesbi, F.}, title = {Estimation of Maternal Effects on Some Economic Traits of North Iranian Native Fowls Using Different Models}, abstract ={This study was conducted to investigate direct and maternal effects on some economic traits in north Iranian native fowls. Traits considered were body weight at 1 day of age (BW1), body weight at 8 weeks of age (BW8), body weight at 12 weeks of age (BW12), egg number (EN) during the first 12 weeks of laying period, egg weight at 1st day of laying (EW1), mean egg weight at 28th, 30th and 32nd weeks (MEW), age at sexual maturity (ASM) and weight at sexual maturity (WSM). The data were analyzed using Restricted Maximum Likelihood procedure fitting an animal model with DFREML software package. A series of six different animal models with and without maternal effects were fitted for all traits, and the best model for each trait was chosen based on log-likelihood ratio tests (LRT). The direct heritability (h2) estimates ranged from 0.03 (BW1) to 0.51 (MEW). Maternal effects were significant on all the traits studied. The estimates of maternal heritability (m2) ranged from 0.01 (BW8, WSM, ASM, EW1) to 0.15 (BW1), and the estimates of maternal environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance (c2) varied from 0.02 (WSM, EW1, EN) to 0.23 (BW1). The correlations between direct and maternal additive genetic effects (ram) were negative for all traits. These results indicate that genetic selection schemes for body weight and egg traits should utilize models incorporating both direct and maternal effects.}, Keywords = {Genetic parameters,Maternal effects,North Iranian native fowls}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {95-101}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6725-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6725-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Saki, A. A. and Abbasinezhad, M. and Ghazi, Sh. and Tabatabai, M. M. and Ahamdi, A. and Zaboli, Kh.}, title = {Intestinal Characteristics, Alkaline Phosphatase and Broilers Performance in Response to Extracted and Mechanical Soybean Meal Replaced by Fish Meal}, abstract ={An experiment was conducted to evaluate the extracted (ES) and mechanical (MS) soybean meals two levels 25% and 35% in broiler chicken feeding. Three hundred and fifty two one-day-old unsexed Lohman chickens were placed in four treatments by 4 replicates and 22 chickens in each in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Feed intake was increased significantly in starter period by ES in comparison with MS. Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved when 25% of ES was replaced by fish meal compared with 35% of ES in starter period. Body weight was significantly higher by 25% ES replaced by fish meal in comparison with 25 and 35% MS in grower period. Metabolizable energy was declined in all options (AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn) in MS than ES. Significant depressing in jejunum length was observed by 35% in the two types of soybean meal compared with 25% mechanical soybean meal replaced by fish meal in 14 days. In more details, villous length was lower by mechanical soybean meal in comparison with ES. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was significantly higher in 35% ES in comparison with 25% ES replaced by fish meal and 35% MS in 14 days. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was reduced remarkably by 35% mechanical soybean meal compared with 25% extracted soybean meal replaced by fish meal in starter period. Urease activity in extracted soybean meal (0.07) was lower than mechanical soybean meal (0.22). The results of this study have shown better performance by extracted soybean meal compared with mechanical soybean meal. In spite of this, less expensively processed mechanical soybean meal (MS) at 25% level replaced by fish meal could be more economical in broiler chicken feeding.}, Keywords = {Broiler,Alkaline phosphatase,Intestinal Characteristics,Soybean meal}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {105-114}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1165-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-1165-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Kamalak, A. and Guven, I. and Kaplan, M. and Boga, M. and Atalay, A. and Ozkan, C.}, title = {Potential Nutritive Value of Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Pods from Different Growing Sites for Ruminants}, abstract ={The nutritive values of honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites were evaluated by chemical composition and in vitro gas production techniques. Growing site was found to have a significant (P< 0.001) effect on the chemical composition. The CP contents of honey locust pods ranged from 67.2 to 119.9 g kg-1 DM. Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) ranged from 122.3 to 152.2 g kg-1 DM. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents varied with growing site in the range of 299.6 to 414.3 and 195.3 to 262.9 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Condensed tannin (CT) contents ranged from 27.8 to 148.2 g kg-1 DM. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition significantly (P< 0.001) increased gas production and some estimated parameters of honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites. However, honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites showed variable responses to PEG treatment. There were also significant (P< 0.001) differences among growing sites in terms of gas production and estimated parameters. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites without PEG supplementation ranged from 58.81 to 65.86% and 8.85 to 9.92 MJ kg-1 DM respectively. The improvement in gas production, the OMD and ME with PEG emphasized the negative effect of tannins on digestibility. The increase (%) in the estimated OMD and ME contents ranged from 6.30 to 15.81% and 5.61 to 14.94%, respectively.}, Keywords = {Condensed tannin,Digestibility,Growing site,Honey locust pods,Metabolizable energy,PEG}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {115-126}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5214-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5214-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Malekizadeh, M. and Moeini, M. M. and Ghazi, Sh.}, title = {The Effects of Different Levels of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) Rhizomes Powder on Some Blood Metabolites and Production Performance Characteristics of Laying Hens}, abstract ={An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of using different levels of Ginger rhizome powder (GRP) and Turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) on production performance and some blood metabolites in laying hens. Ninety 103-week old laying hens were divided into 5 treatments in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates and 6 birds in each cage. The birds were fed a corn-soybean meal based diet containing different concentrations of GRP (1 and 3%) and TRP (1 and 3%) and control (0 %). During 9 weeks of experimental period, the data of production parameters were collected. Some blood serum metabolites including, total cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) were measured. Results indicated that the inclusion of GRP into the diets increased egg production percent, egg mass, feed intake whereas it decreased serum total cholesterol, AST and ALT significantly (P<0.05). Adding TRP at the 3% concentration to the diets significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, AST and ALT (P<0.05) but increased feed intake and egg production. The reduction of total cholesterol, AST and ALT (P0.05) implied the non-toxic effect of GRP and TRP treatments on hepatic and renal tissues. As a result of this study, supplementation with ginger (GRP3%) might have some positive effects on production performance and some blood metabolites of the laying hens.}, Keywords = {Laying hens,Performance,Blood serum metabolites,Ginger,Turmeric}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {127-134}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4117-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-4117-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mobasheri, M. R. and Rahimzadegan, M.}, title = {Introduction to Protein Absorption Lines Index for Relative Assessment of Green Leaves Protein Content Using EO-1 Hyperion Datasets}, abstract ={The reflectance spectrum of green leaves is considerably affected by their biochemical and biophysical properties. It is possible to extract biochemical information from a continuous vegetation spectrum produced using hyperspectral sensors. The numerous absorption features present in the vegetation spectrum carry a considerable amount of information related to the content and the structure of the leaves and stems. In the present study, we tried to introduce a method for relative quantification of vegetation leaves protein contents using EO-1 Hyperion datasets through an innovative index named PALI (Protein Absorption Lines Index). The results of applying PALI to AVIRIS data also showed its robustness. However, applying PALI index for Hyperion images can only show the vegetation leaves protein contents of a pixel relative to its neighboring pixels and not absolute values. Nonetheless, it is assumed that absolute measurements will be possible if one can calibrate this index with field data.}, Keywords = {Remote Sensing,Protein,Green Leaves,Hyperspectral}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {135-147}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7323-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-7323-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Asadi, R. and Imanpoor, M. R. and Dastar, B.}, title = {Requirements of n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Beluga (Huso huso) Juvenile and their Effects on Growth, Carcass Quality and Fatty Acids Composition}, abstract ={An 8-week feeding experiment was carried out on beluga (Huso huso) juvenile to evaluate the effects of different levels of fish oil containing n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs) on fish growth and fatty acid composition. The requirements of beluga juvenile for n-3 HUFAs were studied by feeding fish diets containing six different levels of n-3 HUFAs ranging from 1.56 to 17.25% (% of total fatty acids). Weight gain, feed conversion ratio, condition factor, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly different among dietary treatments, nor was the body composition (including: moisture, protein, lipid and ash) of beluga juvenile (P> 0.05). There were no significant differences among plasma protein, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride contents of dietary treatments (P> 0.05). However, haematocrit values were significantly lower in diets 1 and 2 (P< 0.05). The fatty acid composition of fish showed a pronounced change from the initial carcass with fatty acid composition changes in experimental diets. The fatty acid composition of the beluga carcass fed on diets containing various levels of n-3 HUFAs reflected the dietary fatty acid composition. The n-3 HUFAs contents of the lipids of fish increased with an increase in dietary n-3 HUFAs levels. Results suggested that minimum levels of n-3 HUFAs in diet have no effect on growth and n-3 HUFAs are not a restrictive factor on growth in beluga.}, Keywords = {Canola oil,DHA,EPA,Fish oil,Oil}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {149-159}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5637-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5637-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Aghajani, N. and Ansaripour, E. and Kashaninejad, M.}, title = {Effect of Moisture Content on Physical Properties of Barley Seeds}, abstract ={In this article, the size, dimensions, volume, bulk and particle densities, empyting and filling angles of repose and friction coefficients against different surfaces were evaluated for two varieties of barley, Sahra and Valfajr, as a function of moisture content in the range of 10.12 to 42.17 (w.b.%). Most physical properties of barley varieties were significantly affected by moisture content variation. The length, width, thickness and unit mass of Sahra variety increased from 9.88 to 10.16 mm, 3.37 to 3.89 mm, 2.54 to 2.80 mm and 0.048 to 0.074 g, respectively, as the moisture content increased. The respective values for Valfajr varied from 8.37 to 8.87 mm, 3.03 to 3.21 mm, 2.21 to 2.37 mm and 0.037 to 0.043 g, respectively. In Sahra variety, sphericity, geometric mean diameter, bulk density, particle density and porosity increased from 44.59 to 47.40%; 4.38 to 4.79 mm; 568.10 to 613.68 kg m-3; 1,099.65 to 1,245.72 kg m-3 and 48.34 to 50.74%, respectively. The coefficient of static friction increased linearly against all the tested surfaces as the moisture content increased. In Valfajr variety, sphericity increased from 45.79 to 45.89%; geometric mean diameter increased from 3.82 to 4.06 mm; bulk density increased from 579.68 to 608.58 kg m-3; particle density varied from 1,410.82 to 1,230.61 kg m-3; porosity varied from 58.91 to 50.55% and the coefficient of static friction increased linearly against all the tested surfaces as the moisture content increased. The angle of repose for emptying and filling increased linearly as well.}, Keywords = {Barley,Angle of repose,Density,Physical property,Porosity,Static coefficient of friction}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {161-172}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10966-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-10966-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, E. and Kadivar, M. and Shahedi, M.}, title = {Physicochemical Properties and Storability of Non-alcoholic Malt Drinks Prepared from Oat and Barley Malts}, abstract ={Non- alcoholic malt drinks are popular in many countries including Muslim countries. In Iran, these drinks are prepared in a manner similar to beer, but without fermentation and are generally produced using barley malt. In this study, malt drinks with ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 of barley to oat malts, the latter obtained under optimum conditions in terms of its enzymes activity, were produced and their physicochemical properties along with their storability were evaluated during six months of storage. The results showed that with increasing the proportion of oat malt in drinks, total solids, ash, acidity, reducing and total sugars increased. The results also indicated that by increasing the oat proportion, bitterness, color, turbidity and foam instability increased, while the amount of foam decreased. It was evident that the oat malt had positive effects on color and bitterness as compared with that of barley, and had more antioxidant compounds.}, Keywords = {Physical properties,Malt drink,Oat malt,Chemical characteristic,Antioxidant content}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {173-182}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6204-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6204-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Cheng, F. and Sun, H. and Shi, H. and Zhao, Zh. and Wang, Q. and Zhang, J.}, title = {Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the Vegetative and Generative Properties of the Pear Cultivar ‘Yali’}, abstract ={To investigate the effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the growth, yield and quality of ‘Yali’ pears, field experiments for C (fully watered control), EW [early withholding of irrigation, water stress from pullulation to 25 days after flower bloom (DAFB)], MW (mid-growth withholding of irrigation, water stress from 25 DAFB to 80 DAFB), and LW (late withholding of irrigation, water stress from 120 DAFB to 150 DAFB) were conducted in Handan county, North China, during the 2007 and 2008 seasons. The results showed that leaf relative water content (LRWC) was dramatically reduced during water stress. Water stress reduced shoot growth by 9.6%-18.8%, and the need for summer pruning was marginally decreased. No significant difference was seen in mean fresh fruit weight or yield at harvest for the EW, LW and C treatments. Water consumption during RDI was significantly less than the C treatment. Withholding of irrigation at LW not only led to increases in fruit TSS (total soluble solids), soluble sugars and dry matter content but also resulted in an increase in water use efficiency (WUE). Withholding of irrigation at LW and EW can be used in pear production to save irrigation water without adverse effects on the quality of fruits. RDI is a beneficial agricultural practice for the production of pear fruits if it is adopted one month before harvest, and from pullulation to 25 DAFB.}, Keywords = {fruit quality,Pear,Water consumption}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {183-194}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8302-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-8302-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Jamali, S. and Pourjam, E. and Safai, N.}, title = {Determining the Relationship between Population Density of White Tip Nematode and Rice Yield}, abstract ={The relationship between initial population density of rice white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi) and yield was examined on Oryzae sativa cv. Alikazemi. Experiments were conducted in greenhouse, micro-plot and field conditions. Seinhorst’s model was used to describe the relationship between nematode population density and crop yield. The parameters of the model, minimum yield (m), constant coefficient (z) and tolerance limit (T) were obtained from the experimental data. On this basis, the predicted yield was calculated within the initial population (Pi) range. To evaluate the difference between the observed yield (Yo) and the predicted yield (Yp), a discrepancy ratio (DR) was calculated. The results revealed that there was a significant correlation between mean yield reduction and nematode populations (P<0.01). At the highest initial population density, grain yield was reduced by 69%. In greenhouse experiments, the discrepancy ratio was larger than 0.03 and the predicted yield was overestimated compared to that predicted in microplot or field experiments. The model had the minimum mean of error when data were incorporated from the field experiments (ME= 0.0149). The indices from microplot and greenhouse experiments were 0.0823 and 0.2036, respectively. The relationship between nematode population density and relative grain yield fitted to the model was under field conditions.}, Keywords = {Aphelenchoides besseyi,Field,Greenhouse trials,Microplot trials,Oryzae sativa,Seinhorst’s model}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {195-203}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6558-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-6558-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Hejazi-Mehrizi, M. and Shariatmadari, H. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. and Dehghani, F.}, title = {Copper Effects on Growth, Lipid Peroxidation, and Total ‎Phenolic Content of Rosemary Leaves under Salinity Stress}, abstract ={Plant growth is often limited by low levels of soil micronutrients such as copper (Cu), ‎especially in calcareous salt-affected soils of arid and semiarid regions. The aim of this ‎work was to investigate individual and combined effects of salinity and Cu on growth, leaf ‎relative water content (LRWC), cell membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, and total ‎phenolic content (TPC) of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in a hydroponic ‎experiment. A factorial arranged experiment with three salinity levels (i.e., 0, 50, and 100 ‎mM NaCl), and three levels of copper (i.e., 0, 0.5, and 1.0 µM Cu2+, as CuSO4) was ‎performed. The salt stress led to a significant decrease in leaf relative water content ‎especially at 0 µM Cu2+. Salt treatments (50 and 100 mM) were found to increase ‎electrolyte leakage and malonyldialdehyde content of rosemary; however, this increase ‎was greater at 0 µM than 1.0 µM Cu2+. Regardless of Cu treatments, salinity (50 and 100 ‎mM) induced significant increases in TPC by 13 and 29%, respectively. The application of ‎‎1.0 M Cu at the 50 mM NaCl treatments increased total phenolic content by 19% ‎compared to 0M Cu. Copper nutrition resulted in greater accumulation of phenolic ‎compounds in plant roots and thereby decreasing lipid peroxidation under salt stress ‎conditions.‎}, Keywords = {Salinity,Cu,Medicinal plants,Rosemary,Oxidative damage,Total phenolic content. ‎}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {205-212}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2287-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2287-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Argaw, A.}, title = {Evaluation of Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Phosphate Solubilizing Pseudomonas spp. Effect on Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Assossa Area}, abstract ={An experiment was conducted at Assossa Agricultural Research Center (AARC) station during 2008 cropping season in order to study the effects of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (TAL-378 and TAL-379) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas spp.), and conventional farmers’ fertilizer level (combined and individual application of 46N kg ha-1 and 46 P2O5 kg ha-1) on nodulation, seed yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)). Analyses of variance indicated that most of the parameters measured were significantly (P>0.05) affected by the treatments. Accordingly, dual inoculation with TAL-378 and PSB significantly increased plant height at harvest, number of nodules per plant, nodule volume per plant, nodule fresh weight per plant, and shoot height at late flowering and early pod setting compared to the other treatments. Similarly, co-inoculation with TAL-378 and PSB, and dual fertilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers significantly increased number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod per plant and seed yield ha-1 compared to the other treatments. Analysis of plant tissue also indicated that dual inoculation of TAL-379 and PSB yielded the highest total N whereas the lowest was recorded for the negative control. Likewise, dual inoculation with TAL-378 and PSB and the positive control gave the highest plant P compared to all other treatments. The data revealed that, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in days required for emergence, flower bearing and maturity, number of seeds per pod, 300 seeds weight and root length among the investigated treatments. Thus, the dual inoculation of TAL-378 and PSB is recommended to achieve maximum seed yield of soybean in Assossa area.}, Keywords = {Assossa,Bradyrhizobium japonicum,Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB),Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {213-224}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5342-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5342-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Owliaie, H. R.}, title = {Micromorphology of Pedogenic Carbonate Features in Soils of Kohgilouye, Southwestern Iran}, abstract ={The micromorphology of pedogenic carbonate features in calcareous soils of arid and semiarid regions of Kohgilouye Province, Southwestern Iran, has been studied to determine their genesis and distribution in different climatic regions. Eight representative pedons (from a total number of 24 pedons) were studied in aridic-ustic (minimum rainfall), ustic and xeric (maximum rainfall) soil moisture regimes. Micromorphological studies indicated that the frequency of secondary calcite as pedogenic nodules, coating or infilling in voids or channels increase from aridic-ustic to xeric soil moisture regimes. The presence of pedogenic calcite coating superimposed on clay coatings in pedons of more humid regions probably suggests a complex history of carbonate leaching, deposition of secondary calcite and clay illuviation. Pendants of calcite were observed in soils with coarser texture in aridic-ustic region as a common pedofeature. Pedogenic nodules in more developed soils of xeric regions were harder containing denser and more contiguous micritic calcite. Degree of impregnation of calcite nodules with Fe/Mn oxides as well as calcite depletion pedofeatures increase in areas with higher rainfall. Needle shaped calcite and cytomorphic calcite were observed in the near surface horizons of the regions with higher rainfall and denser vegetation growth of ustic and xeric soil moisture regimes.}, Keywords = {Micromorphology,Arid zone,Calcite,soil,Southwestern Iran}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {225-239}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2131-en.html}, eprint = {http://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-2131-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology}, issn = {1680-7073}, eissn = {2345-3737}, year = {2012} }