Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
JAST
Agriculture
http://jast.modares.ac.ir
1
admin
1680-7073
2345-3737
10.22034/jast
en
jalali
1397
2
1
gregorian
2018
5
1
20
3
online
1
fulltext
fa
برهمکنش (اثر متقابل) ژنوتیپ و محیط و پایداری عملکرد در کولتیوارهای سیب زمینی در شرایط گرمسیری
Genotype by Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Potato Cultivars under Tropical Conditions
<span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کولتیوارهای سیب زمینی</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(<em>Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum</em>) </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در شرایط رشد گرمسیری عملکرد نسبتا ضعیفی در مقایسه با مناطق معتدل نشان می دهند و از این رو، سیب زمینی هایی با عملکرد زیاد و پایدارمورد نیاز است. در این پژوهش ، برهمکنش چهار کولتیوار با ده محیط (اقلیم) در برنامه پروژه سراسری تحقیقات هندوستان ( برنامه سیب زمینی) طی دو سال و در دو هنگام برداشت ( 75 و 90 روز بعد از کاشت:</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">75 و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 90) آشکار ساخت که این کولتیوارها از نظر عملکرد کل </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(TY) </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و عملکرد بازار پسند </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(MY)</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> که در زمانهای</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">75 و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 90 به ترتیب در هفت و هشت محیط برداشت شده بودند به طور معناداری با هم اختلاف داشتند. تجزیه تلفیقی نشاندهنده اختلاف معنادار اثر اصلی محیط و کولتیوار روی همه صفات بود که این امر نشانگر وجود تغییرات (تفاوتهای) ژنتیکی کولتیوارها ناشی از ناهمگنی محیط ها بود. اثر معنادار </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">G x E</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> برای </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">TY </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 90 و بی معنا بودن آماری همان صفت در </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 75 به روشنی اشارت داشت که در مقایسه با مرحله برداشت، شرایط محیطی در مراحل اول رشد گیاه یکنواخت بود. جزء بندی کردن </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">G x E</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> به اجزای خطی و غیر خطی برای همه صفات به شدت معنادار بود که این امر موکدا به این اشاره میکرد که اختلافات بین کولتیوارها در مورد رگرسیون روی میانگین های محیط و واکنش کولتیوارها به محیط به طور ژنتیکی کنترل می شد. بر اساس نتایج، کولتیوار </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">K. Pukhraj </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به عنوان کولتیواری زود بازده با محصول پایدار از نظر </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">TY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در برداشت </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 75 و با طبیعتی قابل پیش بینی تثبیت شد و در برابر آن کولتیوار </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">K. Khyati </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بود که از نظر </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">TY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در همه محیط های(مناطق) کشت سیب زمینی، کولتیواری پایدار در</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 90 بود. از این رو، کولتیوار </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">K. Khyati </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را که بیشترین </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">TY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> (45/27 تن د رهکتار) و</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> (24/25 تن درهکتار) را در مرحله </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">75 DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> دارا بود و در </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">DAP</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 90، عملکرد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">TY </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(28/31 تن در هکتار) و</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MY</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> (19/28 تن د رهکتار) بود را می توان برای مناطق گرمسیری توصیه کرد.</span></span>
Potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum</em>) cultivars grown under tropical conditions exhibit comparatively poor yields compared to the temperate conditions, hence, there is need for stable cultivars with greater yields. The interactions of four cultivars with ten environments for 2 years under All India Coordinated Research Project (Potato) across the country for 2 harvesting stage (75 and 90 DAP) revealed that the cultivars were significantly different among themselves for Total Yield (TY) and Marketable Yield (MY) harvested at 75 and 90 DAP at seven and eight environments, respectively. The pooled analysis showed a significant difference for cultivar and environmental main effects for all traits, indicating the existence of cultivars genetic variability justified from the heterogeneity of environments. The significant effect of G×E interaction for TY and MY at 90 DAP, and a non significance for the same traits at 75 DAP clearly indicated that the prevailing environments during early crop stage were uniform as compared to its later harvesting stage. Partitioning of G×E interaction into linear and non linear components were highly significant for all traits, strongly suggesting the real differences in cultivars for regression over environmental means and the response of cultivars to environment was controlled genetically. The cultivar K. Pukhraj was proven as early bulking and stable cultivar for TY and MY at 75 DAP and predictable in nature, as against K. Khyati which was stable cultivar for TY and MY at 90 DAP across growing environments. Hence, K. Khyati, which recorded the highest TY (27.45 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and MY (25.24 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) for harvesting at 75 DAP, and TY (31.28 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and MY (28.19 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) at 90 DAP, can be recommended for tropical conditions.
G×E interaction, Indian potato cultivars, Marketable yield, Stable cultivar, Tuber yield.
583
595
http://jast.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-23-39633-76&slc_lang=fa&sid=23
Raja
S.
100319475328460076613
100319475328460076613
Yes
ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla
M. R.
Verma
100319475328460076614
100319475328460076614
No
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly- 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly- 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
P. C.
Satpathy
100319475328460076619
100319475328460076619
No
Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhuvaneswar-571003, Odisha, India.
Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhuvaneswar-571003, Odisha, India,
L. M.
Yadav
100319475328460076625
100319475328460076625
No
Rajendra Agricultural University, TCA campus, Dholi-848125, Bihar, India.
Rajendra Agricultural University, TCA campus, Dholi-848125, Bihar
R.
Kumar
100319475328460076624
100319475328460076624
No
Central Potato research Station, Jalandhar-144003, Punjab, India.
Central Potato research Station, Jalandhar-144003, Punjab, India,
Z.
Ullah
100319475328460076623
100319475328460076623
No
Assam Agricutural University, Jorhat-758013, Assam, India.
Assam Agricutural University, Jorhat-758013, Assam, India,
R.
Khaiwal
100319475328460076622
100319475328460076622
No
Chandara Sekar Azad University of Agriculture. & Technology, Kanpur-208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Chandara Sekar Azad University of Agriculture. & Technology, Kanpur-208002, Uttar Pradesh, India,
R. K.
Dubey
100319475328460076615
100319475328460076615
No
Central Agricultural University, Imphal-791102, Manipur, India.
Central Agricultural University, Imphal-791102, Manipur, India,
S.
Kumar
100319475328460076621
100319475328460076621
No
Central Potato Research Station, Patna-801506, Bihar, India.
Central Potato Research Station, Patna-801506, Bihar, India,
D.
Singh
100319475328460076620
100319475328460076620
No
GB Pant University of Agriculture. & Technology, Pant Nagar-249199, Uttarakhand, India.
G.B.Pant University of Agriculture. & Technology, Pant Nagar-249199, Uttarakhand, India,
M. R.
Desmukh
100319475328460076616
100319475328460076616
No
National Agricultural Research Project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeet, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India.
National Agricultural Research Project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeet, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India,
D.
Verma
100319475328460076617
100319475328460076617
No
ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
All Indian Coordinated Research Project on Potato, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India,
P. M.
Govindakrishnan
100319475328460076618
100319475328460076618
No
ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
All Indian Coordinated Research Project on Potato, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171001. Himachal Pradesh (India)