Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
JAST
Agriculture
http://jast.modares.ac.ir
1
admin
1680-7073
2345-3737
10.22034/jast
en
jalali
1398
4
1
gregorian
2019
7
1
21
4
online
1
fulltext
en
فعالیت های حشره کشی و قارچ کشی عصاره های خام و مواد خالص ریزوم Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)
Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of Crude Extracts and Pure Compounds from Rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)
<span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در این پژوهش، فعالیت های حشره کشی و قارچ کشی عصاره های خام ریزوم </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Curcuma longa</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و دو ماده خالص جداشده به نام </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ar-turmerone </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">curcumin</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ارزیابی شد. ریزوم های </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">C. longa</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> به ترتیب با </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">n-hexane</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، کلرید متیلن، متانول، و آب عصاره گیری شد. عصاره های هگزین،کلرید متیلن، و متانول فعالیت حشره کشی قابل ملاحظه ای بر علیه لارو </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Culex pipiens</span></span></em><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نشان دادند. ارزش عددی </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">LC<sub>50</sub></span></span> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بعد از 48 ساعت به ترتیب برابر 28/5 ، 82/5، و 44/6 میلی گرم د رلیتر بود. بر خلاف این اثر، عصاره های مزبور اثر سمی کمی روی سن سوم لارو </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Spodoptera littoralis</span></span></em><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> داشتند. همچنین، </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">LC<sub>50</sub></span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> عصاره های آب، کلرید متیلن و هگزین، بعد از 48 ساعت به ترتیب برابر 9/495، 7/565، و 7/709 میلی گرم درلیتر بود. از سوی دیگر، فعالیت های قارچ کشی این عصاره ها روی قارچ های بیمارگر گیاهی شامل </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Fusarium oxysporum</span></span></em><em><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span></em><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Pythium debaryanum</span></span></em><em><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span></em><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Fusarium solani </span></span></em><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، و </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Alternaria alternata</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متغییر بود. در میان عصاره های مطالعه شده، عصاره متانول بیشترین اثر قارچ کشی را بر علیه </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">P. infestans</span></span></em><em><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span></em> <em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">F. solani</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، و </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">A</span></span></em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. <em>alternata</em></span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> با </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> EC<sub>50</sub> </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> برابر 8/159، 7/242، و 2/322 داشت. دو ماده به نام </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ar-turmerone </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">curcumin</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> از عصاره گیری با کلرید متیلن/متانول (1:1) از ریزوم </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">C. longa</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> جدا سازی شده و ساختمان شیمیایی آنها به روش تجزیه اسپکترواسکوپی شناسایی شد. </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ar-turmerone </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> سمیت متوسطی بر علیه لارو </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">C. pipiens</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> داشت. مقدار </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">LC<sub>50</sub></span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> آن بعد از 24 و 48 ساعت برابر 5/158 و 6/117 میلی گرم د رلیتر بود. افزون بر این، </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ar-turmerone</span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> فعالیت قارچ کشی متوسطی بر علیه </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">P. infestans</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ( </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">EC<sub>50</sub> = 588.9 </span></span> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میلی گرم د رلیتر) و فعالیت ضعیف بر علیه</span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">F. solani</span></span></em> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(EC<sub>50</sub> = 820.6 mg L<sup>-1</sup>). </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نشان داد. نیز، </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">Curcumin </span></span><span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در غلظت 250 میلی گرم در لیتر باعث جلوگیری از رشد </span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">F. oxysporum</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و</span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">P. infestans</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b zar;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> به ترتیب برابر با 1/51% و 32/54% شد.</span></span>
The insecticidal and antifungal activities of <em>Curcuma longa</em> L. rhizome extracts and two isolated compounds, namely, ar-turmerone and curcumin, were evaluated. Rhizomes of <em>C. longa</em> were extracted with n-hexane, methylene chloride, methanol and water, successively. Hexane, methylene chloride, and methanol extracts exhibited remarkable insecticidal activity against the larvae of <em>Culex pipiens</em>. The <em>LC<sub>50</sub> </em>values were 5.28, 5.82, and 6.44 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, after 48 h. In contrary, the extracts exhibited weak toxic effect on the third instar larvae of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. The <em>LC<sub>50</sub></em> values of water, methylene chloride, and hexane extracts were 495.9, 565.7 and 709.7 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively after 48 hours. On the other hand, the extracts showed variable antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi,<em> Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>Pythium debaryanum</em>, <em>Phytophthora</em> <em>infestans</em>, <em>Fusarium solani</em> and <em>Alternaria alternata</em>. Methanol extract had the highest antifungal activity among the tested extracts with <em>EC<sub>50</sub></em> values of 159.8, 242.7, and 322.2 mg L<sup>-1</sup> on <em>P. infestans</em>, <em>F. solani</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>alternata</em>, respectively. Two compounds, namely, ar-turmerone and curcumin were isolated from methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) extract of <em>C. longa</em> rhizomes and their chemical structures were identified by using spectroscopic analysis. Ar-Turmerone had moderate toxicity against <em>C. pipiens</em> larvae. The <em>LC<sub>50</sub></em> values were 158.5 and 117.6 mg L<sup>-1</sup> after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. In addition, ar-turmerone showed moderate antifungal activity against <em>P. infestans</em> (EC<sub>50</sub>= 588.9 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) and weak activity against <em>F. solani</em> (EC<sub>50</sub>= 820.6 mg L<sup>-1</sup>). Curcumin caused 51.1 and 54.32% growth inhibition of<em> F. oxysporum</em> and <em>P. infestans</em> at 250 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.<br>
Ar-Turmerone, Curcumin, Pest control, Turmeric.
1049
1061
http://jast.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-23-22579-1&slc_lang=en&sid=23
S. A. M.
Abdelgaleil
1003194753284600225300
1003194753284600225300
Yes
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt.
Department of pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agricutlre, Alexandria University
A.
El-Bakry
1003194753284600225301
1003194753284600225301
No
Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
A. A. M.
Zoghroban
1003194753284600225302
1003194753284600225302
No
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt.
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
S. M. I.
Kassem
1003194753284600225303
1003194753284600225303
No
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt.
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt